MAIN TEXT: To summarize and quantify the most recent findings on consuming milk or other dairy foods and the development of BC, we performed a systematic literature review. We checked through several databases for relevant publications published in English up to January 2022. Of the 82 articles identified, only 18 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Nine Prospective, seven Retrospective and two Cross-Sectional studies were finally identified.

METHOD AND ANALYSIS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients with OHVIRA at our institution, Sabah Women and Children's Hospital, Malaysia, between the 2013 and 2022. Data were collected by reviewing patients' medical notes.

RESULTS: There were a total of 18 patients diagnosed with OHVIRA from 2013 to 2022, aged 10-41 years old. Nine patients (50%) presented during adolescence. Most (88.9%) came with symptoms such as abdominal pain, urinary symptoms, abnormal uterine bleeding, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, and primary infertility, whereas only 2 patients (11.1%) were asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Acute abdomen was more common in the adolescent group (P = .015). No significant difference was found on the side of the renal anomaly.

METHODS: A retrospective case series of eyes with myopic foveoschisis that underwent vitrectomy and PAIR. Visual acuity, fundus photographs, and optical coherence tomography measurements were obtained and analyzed. Data are presented as medians (ranges).

RESULTS: A total of seven eyes underwent PAIR and were followed up for 339 days (188-436 days). No intraoperative complications were noted. One eye exhibited postoperative macular hole formation, but the hole was healed through fluid-gas exchange. At the last follow-up, the visual acuity had improved from 20/66 (20/332-20/40) to 20/40 (20/100-20/25), and the central foveal thickness had decreased from 576 µ m to 269 µ m. A repositioned internal limiting membrane (ILM) was observed in six of the eyes, and inner retinal dimples were noted in only two eyes. However, retinal wrinkles under the repositioned or perifoveal ILM were noted in five eyes.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study that comprised dental study models of 74 UCLP Saudi children aged 8-10 years who were recruited from 14 referral cleft centers. All participants had their cleft lip and palate repaired with no history of alveolar bone graft or any orthodontic treatment. Dental arch relationships of UCLP patients were assessed using the Great Ormond Street, London, and Oslo (GOSLON) Yardstick-a clinical tool that categorizes dental relationships of UCLP children into five discrete grades from I to V. The reliability of the rating was assessed with weighted kappa (κ) statistics.

RESULTS: Three children (4.1%) had excellent surgical outcomes (grade I), 18 children (24.3%) filled into grade II (good outcome), 22 subjects (29.7%) had grade III (fair outcome), 27 children (36.5%) had grade IV (poor outcome), and 4 subjects (5.4%) were ranked as having very poor outcomes (grade V). The mean GOSLON score was 3.39. Intrarater and interrater agreements were high indicating good reproducibility.

CONCLUSION: Based on the dental arch relationships, the treatment outcome of UCLP Saudi children was unsatisfactory, with a mean GOSLON score of 3.39. Delayed palate repair and the use of presurgical orthopedics may be considered in the future for cleft deformity management.

METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in the Advanced Reproductive Centre, UKM Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, from January 2016 to December 2019. The data of 268 UEI couples were obtained from the clinical database. Women aged 21-45 years old was included and further divided into four groups according to the female partner's age and subfertility duration: group A (age <35 years and subfertility <2 years), group B (age <35 years and subfertility >2 years), group C (age >35 years and subfertility <2 years), and group D (age >35 years and subfertility <2 years). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 for Windows.

RESULTS: A total of 255 cases were included in this study. The mean age of the women was 32.9 ± 4.04 years, and the mean subfertility duration was 5.04 ± 2.9 years. A total of 51 (20 %) cases underwent timed sexual intercourse, 147 (57.6 %) cases had intrauterine insemination (IUI), whereas 57 (22.4 %) cases opted for in vitro fertilization (IVF). A total of 204 cases underwent active management (IUI/IVF), which showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Out of eight clinical pregnancies, half of them were from group B.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of known causal risk factors for stillbirth, and to identify those that have a large proportion of their risk mediated through small for gestational age birth.

STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study used data from all births in the state of Queensland, Australia between 2000 and 2018. The total effects of exposures on the odds of stillbirth were determined using multivariable, clustered logistic regression models. Mediation analysis was performed using a counterfactual approach to determine the indirect effect and percentage of effect mediated through small for gestational age. For risk factors significantly mediated through small for gestational age, the relative risks of stillbirth were compared between small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age infants. We also investigated the proportion of risk mediated via small for gestational age for late stillbirths (≥28 weeks).

RESULTS: The initial data set consisted of 1,105,612 births. After exclusions, the final study cohort constituted 925,053 births. Small for gestational age births occurred in 9.9% (91,859/925,053) of the study cohort. Stillbirths occurred in 0.5% of all births (4234/925,053) and 1.5% of small for gestational age births (1414/91,859). Births at ≥28 weeks occurred in 99.4% (919,650/925,053) of the study cohort and in 98.9% (90,804/91,859) of all small for gestational age births. Of the ≥28-week births, stillbirths occurred in 0.2% (2156/919,650) of all births and 0.8% (677/90,804) of the small for gestational age births. Overall, increased odds of stillbirth were significantly mediated through small for gestational age for age <20 years, low socioeconomic status, Indigenous ethnicity, birth in sub-Saharan and North Africa or the Middle East, smoking, nulliparity, multiple pregnancy, assisted conception, previous stillbirth, preeclampsia, and renal disease. Preeclampsia had the largest proportion mediated through small for gestational age (66.7%), followed by nulliparity (61.6%), smoking (29.4%), North-African or Middle Eastern ethnicity (27.6%), multiple pregnancy (26.3%), low socioeconomic status (25.8%), and Indigenous status (18.7%). Sensitivity analysis showed that for late stillbirths, the portions mediated through small for gestational age remained very similar for many of the risk factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from 157 patients who underwent FG-TBLB, with the primary outcome being procedure-related pneumothorax. We assessed several risk factors for pneumothorax following FG-TBLB: patient characteristics, location of biopsy, number of biopsies and computed tomography pattern. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS: One-hundred fifty-seven patients were included [mean (SD) age 57.9 (16.2) years; 60.5% male]. The most common location for FG-TBLB was the right upper lobe (n=45, 28.7%). The mean (SD) number of biopsy samples was 6.7 (2.1). Radiographic evidence of pneumothorax was reported in 12 (7.6%) patients, with 11 of those requiring intercostal chest tube intervention (mean air leak time: 5.7 days and 1 had persistent air leak requiring autologous blood patch pleurodesis. None experienced pneumothorax recurrence. Female gender and upper lobe location of the biopsy were identified as predisposing factors for pneumothorax. In the multivariable analysis, upper lobe biopsies were associated with a higher risk of pneumothorax (OR 0.120; 95% CI 0.015-0.963; p = 0.046).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed on patients who presented to our institution from April 2020 until July 2021 for acute stroke and had MRI brain as first-line neuroimaging. A total of 31 subjects were included in this study. Two radiologists assessed the signal patterns in DWI sequence and compared them with SWI and CT Brain, whenever available, as the gold standard for observing the presence of intracranial haemorrhage.

RESULTS: The majority of patients with hyperacute bleed proven to be revealed on SWI or CT, thus showed characteristics of central hyperintensity and peripheral hypointense rim, on DWI. Slightly more than half (51.6%) presented with mild to moderate NIHSS scores (1-15). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of DWI in detecting intracranial intra-axial haemorrhages were exceptionally high. There is strong interobserver level of agreement in identifying central haemorrhagic signal intensity [kappa = 0.94 (0.06), p < 0.05].

METHODOLOGY: We conducted a retrospective data retrieval from the medical records of 254 paediatric patients who had been diagnosed with confirmed cases of dengue fever. The clinical characteristics were compared between severe and non-severe dengue. Multiple logistic regression analysis was utilised to elucidate the variables that exhibited associations with severe dengue.

RESULTS: A total of 254 paediatric patients were included, among whom 15.4% (n = 39) were diagnosed with severe dengue. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified lethargy, systolic blood pressure (SBP) below 90 mmHg, capillary refilled time (CRT) longer than 2 seconds, ascites, and hepatomegaly were independently associated with severe dengue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study that included all RA patients receiving biologics therapy in 13 tertiary hospitals in Malaysia from January 2008 to December 2018.

RESULTS: We had 735 RA patients who received biologics therapy. Twenty-one of the 735 patients were diagnosed with TB infection after treatment with biologics. The calculated prevalence of TB infection in RA patients treated with biologics was 2.9% (29 per 1000 patients). Four groups of biologics were used in our patient cohort: monoclonal TNF inhibitors, etanercept, tocilizumab, and rituximab, with monoclonal TNF inhibitors being the most commonly used biologic. The median duration of biologics therapy before the diagnosis of TB was 8 months. 75% of patients had at least one co-morbidity and all patients had at least one ongoing cDMARD therapy at the time of TB diagnosis. More than half of the patients were on steroid therapy with an average prednisolone dose of 5 mg daily.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oesophagoduodenoscopy (OGDS) reports of COVID-19 patients with indication of upper GI bleeding from March 2021 to April 2022 were reviewed. Data of 35 patients were then analysed.

RESULTS: Of the 35 patients, 8.6% (n = 3) were female and 91.4% (n = 32) were males. A total of 31.4% (n = 11) were below 50 years and 68.6% (n = 24) were 50 and above. 34.3% (n = 12) with lesions requiring endoscopic intervention, 34.3% (n = 12) with lesions not requiring endoscopic intervention, 31.4% (n = 11) has no significant stigmata of recent haemorrhage. Among subgroup requiring endoscopic intervention, 50% (n = 6) are non-variceal bleeding (NVUIB), and 50% (n = 6) are variceal bleeding (VUGIB). Among NVUGIB, 16.7% (n = 1) is gastric and duodenal angiodysplasia requiring argon plasma coagulation, 50% (n = 3) are duodenal F2A ulcer requiring thermoablation, 16.7% (n = 1) is gastric F2A ulcer requiring hemoclip, and 16.6% (n = 1) is Cameron's ulcer requiring hemoclip. Among VUGIB, 100% (n = 6) are oesophageal varices requiring endoscopic variceal banding (EVL).

METHODS: Patients with normal sagittal alignment and normal motion (PI-LL  10°) were defined as control, and patients with any of sagittal alignment or motion abnormalities were defined as case groups. Visual Analog Scale, SF-36, Harris hip score, HOOS-JR, and complications were recorded.

RESULTS: The differences of the means of Harris hip score, HOOS-JR, SF-36, and VAS score in the control and case groups were statistically significant. The mean of these parameters in patients with sagittal balanced (PI-LL  10°). Same results were noted in patients with decreased (∆SS  10°).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in Hospital Kepala Batas (HKB), a district hospital in Penang State, Malaysia, which was the designated regional COVID hospital during the pandemic. It was a retrospective observational study, where children who were admitted from November 2020 to March 2021, and attended follow-up clinics from Jan 2021 to May 2021, were recruited.

RESULTS: This study comprised 90 subjects, from 3 months old to 12 years old, mean of 6.5 years old. When comparing asymptomatic and symptomatic children, children with comorbidities were more likely to be symptomatic with a pvalue of 0.045 using the Pearson Chi-square test. All our patients' symptoms resolved upon discharge. During followup at 2-4 months after COVID-19 infection, all children were reported as back to their usual selves. Fifteen patients had recurrent symptoms. Most of their symptoms pointed towards an acute infection. One patient had two episodes of illness, while the rest had one. The most common symptoms were cough, fever and runny nose. The average duration of illness of these 16 episodes was 4.5 days with a standard deviation of 2.48. None of these symptoms lasted more than seven days. None of them required hospital admission. None of them had recurrent COVID-19 infections. Tweleve out of 72 children who had been going to school stopped physical school after COVID-19 infection. Our findings differed from other studies. These could be due to the limitations that we faced.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 141 pre-treatment and near-end treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of Class II division 1 malocclusion patients aged 16-40 years with a skeletal II pattern (ANB > 4o). 32 landmarks in Cartesian coordinates were created and identified using MorphoJ software to establish a shape analysis.