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  1. Fulltext Validation of ICD 10 on congenital anomalies in the state of Penang
    Anthony, Leela, Ambu, Stephen, Lokman Hakim, Lee, Nagarajah
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2011;5(2):12-17.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Database on hospital records like discharge data, birth and death certificates are widely used for epidemiological and research studies. However there are a very few validation studies on these data. The aim of this study was to validate and assess the accuracy of the ICD 10 database on congenital anomalies in the state of Penang. This study was carried out for three years, from 2002 to 2004.

    Methods: The list of cases coded under the general coding “Q” was extracted and approximately 30% of cases were randomly selected from the list. Medical records for the selected cases were checked and discrepancies for the diagnoses between the medical records and the ICD 10 data base were recorded for three years. Verification was done for basic demographic variables and the coding of the diseases. Discrepancies, sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

    Results: The ICD 10 database for congenital anomalies are classified into two types: Type 1 and Type 2. Discrepancies on demographic information were found among the age of patients (babies with congenital anomalies). In Type 1, there was a discrepancy of about 0.02 % to 0.05% probability that a congenital anomaly case can be recorded as non congenital anomaly in the ICD 10. In Type 2 there was a discrepancy that a non-congenital anomaly was classified as congenital anomaly and this ranged from 26.7% to 50.0%. The sensitivity ranged from 96.85% to 97.98%, thus it can be concluded the ICD 10 database is highly sensitive while the specificity ranged from 50.00% to 78.57 %. In other words the ICD 10 is not accurate when classifying the non- congenital anomaly cases. A fair percentage of non-congenital anomaly cases were classified as CA in the ICD 10 database.

    Conclusion: Even though hospital databases are used as a baseline data for a number of research and epidemiological studies it cannot be used at face value. Validation of these data is necessary before any conclusions can be drawn or intervention measures are undertaken.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  2. Evaluation of formalin-ether sedimentation and trichrome staining techniques: its effectiveness in detecting Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii in stool samples
    Anuar TS, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Abdul Ghani MK, Abu Bakar E, Azreen SN, Salleh FM, et al.
    J Microbiol Methods, 2013 Mar;92(3):344-8.
    PMID: 23361047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.01.010
    This study was conducted to evaluate two routinely microscopic diagnostic methods in comparison with single-round PCR assay as the reference technique to detect Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii. Examination was performed on 500 stool samples obtained from Orang Asli communities in different states of Malaysia using formalin-ether sedimentation, trichrome staining and single-round PCR techniques. Ninety-three stool samples were detected E. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii positive by routine microscopy, while single-round PCR detected 106 positive samples. Additional positives detected by PCR assay were eventually confirmed to be negative by both microscopic techniques. Detection rate of E. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii was highest in combination techniques (18.6%), followed by trichrome staining (13.4%) and formalin-ether sedimentation (11.2%) techniques. Single-round PCR detected 21.2% of the stool samples. The sensitivity and specificity of formalin-ether sedimentation and trichrome staining techniques compared to the reference technique were 31.1% (95% CI: 29.0-36.0) and 94.2% (95% CI: 89.8-98.9), and 53.8% (95% CI: 46.0-76.2) and 97.5% (95% CI: 92.8-99.1), respectively. However, the sensitivity [59.4% (95% CI: 48.9-78.5)] of the method increased when both techniques were performed together, but the specificity decreased to 92.4% (95% CI: 81.0-98.0). The agreement between the reference technique, trichrome staining and combination techniques were statistically significant by Kappa statistics (trichrome staining: K = 0.592, p < 0.05; combination techniques: K = 0.543, p < 0.05). Hence, the combination technique is recommended to be used as a screening method in the diagnosis of E. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii infections either for clinical or epidemiological study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  3. Fulltext Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ): a new screening instrument for early dementia in primary care practice
    Arabi Z, Aziz NA, Abdul Aziz AF, Razali R, Wan Puteh SE
    BMC Fam Pract, 2013;14:49.
    PMID: 23586732 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-49
    BACKGROUND: Worldwide, the population is ageing, resulting in an associated increase in dementia prevalence. Forgetfulness in elderly people is often perceived as normal in some local cultures and thus, the early detection of dementia in primary care requires detection of symptoms other than memory complaints.This study was conducted to screen elderly patients for early dementia in primary care using a newly developed Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) and comparing it with a standard assessment tool, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).
    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of elderly patients using convenience sampling of consecutive patients. Elderly depression was excluded using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Exclusion criteria also included known cases of dementia. Inclusion criteria included a score of 5 or less in GDS and the presence of a reliable informant. A face-to-face interview was done using the EDQ with the patient and informant to elicit symptoms of early dementia. If the informant was not present, a telephone interview was used instead. The patient was then assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) using a cut-off point of 21.
    RESULTS: Prevalence of dementia among 155 subjects was 52.3% by EDQ and 15.5% by MMSE. The EDQ demonstrated a sensitivity of 79.2% with specificity of 52.7%. Positive predictive value (PPV) of EDQ was 23.5% with the negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.2%. The strongest predictor of possible early dementia was complaints of memory problems (OR 26.22; 95% CI 2.03-338.14) followed by complaints of concentration problems (OR 14.33; 95% CI 5.53-37.12), emotional problems (OR 4.75; 95% CI 1.64-13.81) and sleep disturbances (OR 3.14; 95% CI 1.15-8.56). Socio-demographic factors, medical problems and smoking status were not associated with possible dementia (p>0.05), despite that 60-70% of the elderly had chronic illnesses.
    CONCLUSION: The EDQ is a promising alternative to MMSE for screening of early dementia in primary care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  4. Fulltext Development and validation of the malay premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (MAPET): a two-phase study
    Arasalingam, Shamini, Chong, Yew Siong, Hatta Sidi, Ng, Chong Guan, Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar, Marhani Midin, et al.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(1):37-46.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: A validated diagnostic questionnaire is needed in the South-East Asia region, particularly in Malaysia to detect Premature Ejaculation (PE). The objective of this study was to determine the linguistic validity of the Malay Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (MAPET). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a teaching hospital. The first phase involved experts’ group discussions to develop the face, content, and factorial validity of the MAPET. The second phase measured the concurrent validity of MAPET. Results: We found that the MAPET has specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 79.3%, 92%, 76.7% and 93.1%, respectively in the assessment of PE. The higher score indicates severity of PE. Conclusions: MAPET is a valid self-report instrument for the assessment of PE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  5. Fulltext Serodiagnosis and early detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection
    Arifin N, Hanafiah KM, Ahmad H, Noordin R
    J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2019 Jun;52(3):371-378.
    PMID: 30482708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.10.001
    Strongyloidiasis is a major neglected tropical disease with the potential of causing lifelong infection and mortality. One of the ways for effective control of this disease is developing improved diagnostics, particularly using serological approaches. A serological test can achieve high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, has the potential for point-of-care translation, and can be used as a screening tool for early detection. More research is needed to find clinically important antibody biomarkers for early disease detection, mapping, and epidemiological surveillance. This article summarizes human strongyloidiasis and the available diagnostic tools for the disease, focusing on describing the current antibody assays for strongyloidiasis. Finally, prospects of developing a more effective serodiagnostic tool for strongyloidiasis are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  6. Excision biopsy of lymph node--needle fixing technique
    Arumainathan U, Kumar M, Raman R
    Trop Doct, 2003 Jan;33(1):31.
    PMID: 12568517
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  7. Fulltext Capsular serotyping of Pasteurella multocida from various animal hosts - a comparison of phenotypic and genotypic methods
    Arumugam ND, Ajam N, Blackall PJ, Asiah NM, Ramlan M, Maria J, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Apr;28(1):55-63.
    PMID: 21602769
    One hundred and fourteen strains of Pasteurella multocida were isolated from different domestic animals species (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, rabbit, dog, cat), avian species (chicken, duck, turkey) and wild animals (deer, tiger, orang utan, marmoset). The serogroups of P. multocida were determined by both conventional capsular serotyping and a multiplex PCR assay targeting specific capsular genes. Based on the conventional serotyping method, the 114 strains of P. multocida were subtyped into 55 species-specific (untypeable strains) P. multocida, 15 serogroup A, 23 serogroup B and 21 serogroup D. Based on the multiplex PCR assay on the specific capsular genes associated with each serogroup, the 114 strains were further divided to 22 species-specific P. multocida (KMT1 - 460 bp), 53 serogroup A (A - 1,044 bp), 33 serogroup B (B - 760 bp) and 6 serogroup D (D - 657 bp). No serogroup E (511 bp) or F (851 bp) was detected among the Malaysian P. multocida. PCR-based typing was more discriminative and could further subtype the previously untypeable strains. Overall, there was a significant and positive correlation between both methods in serogrouping P. multocida (r = 0.7935; p<0.4893). Various serogroups of P. multocida were present among the livestock with 75% of the strains belonging to serogroups A or B. PCR serotyping was therefore a highly species-specific, sensitive and robust method for detection and differentiation of P. multocida serogroups compared to conventional serotyping. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from Malaysia of the application of a PCR to rapidly define the species-specific P. multocida and its serogroups as an important zoonotic pathogen in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  8. Fulltext Comparison of serum specific IgE with skin prick test in the diagnosis of allergy in Malaysia
    Asha'ari ZA, Suhaimi Y, Yusof RA, Rushdan I, Maraina CH
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):202-6.
    PMID: 22111441 MyJurnal
    We compared a newer serum specific IgE (SSIgE) test with skin prick testing (SPT) in the diagnosis of allergy in Malaysia. Ninety newly diagnosed allergic patients were enrolled for both tests. Using SPT as a clinical gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated for SSIgE for each of the common allergens tested. The highest positive results for both SPT and SSIgE were for house dust mite and cat. Compared to SPT, SSIgE showed better sensitivity but poorer specificity, low PPV and good NPV in all the allergens tested. Significant positive correlation was seen between the diameter of wheal and flare of SPT and the SSIgE results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  9. The use of differential scanning fluorimetry in the rational design of plastic antibodies for protein targets
    Ashley J, Shukor Y, Tothill IE
    Analyst, 2016 Nov 14;141(23):6463-6470.
    PMID: 27813538
    The development of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP-NPs), which specifically bind biomolecules, is of great interest in the area of biosensors, sample purification, therapeutic agents and biotechnology. Polymerisation techniques such as precipitation polymerisation, solid phase synthesis and core shell surface imprinting have allowed for significant improvements to be made in developing MIP-NPs which specifically recognise proteins. However, the development of MIP-NPs for protein templates (targets) still require lengthy optimisation and characterisation using different ratios of monomers in order to control their size, binding affinity and specificity. In this work we successfully demonstrated that differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) can be used to rapidly determine the optimum imprinting conditions and monomer composition required for MIP-NP design and polymerisation. This is based on the stability of the protein template and shift in apparent melting points (Tm) upon interaction with different functional acrylic monomers. The method allows for the characterisation of molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MIP-NPs) due to the observed differences in melting point profiles between, protein-MIP-NPs complexes, pre-polymerisation mixtures and non-imprinted nanoparticles (NIP-NPs) without the need for prior purification. The technique is simple, rapid and can be carried out on most quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) thermal cyclers which have the required filters for SYPRO
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  10. Detection and differentiation of opportunistic viral infections potentially contributing to renal graft rejection by tetraplex-nested PCR
    Ashouri Saheli Z, Shenagari M, Harzandi N, Monfared A
    Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):766-775.
    PMID: 33597498
    The need for an intensive care protocol, sometimes weekly or biweekly, has led to a significant increase in laboratory costs for kidney recipients. In the present study, an inhouse tetraplex nested PCR assay was developed and validated for the specific detection of BKV, JCV, HCMV and EBV in clinical samples. We determined the Limit of Detection (LOD) and analytical specificity. To demonstrate the diagnostic performance of the assay, a total of 102 archival plasma samples were tested and compared with a commercial uniplex real-time PCR kits. The analytical sensitivity of the in-house tetraplex nested PCR assay was 173 copies/ml, when all four viruses were present in the specimens. These values were 79.2, 58.7, 87.6 and 96.1 copies/ml when only, BKV, JCV, HCMV and EBV respectively, were present. The cross-reactivity assays were shown no detectable signal in the tetraplex PCR results. The estimated diagnostic sensitivities were 92.6% for BKV, 92.3% for JCV and 100% for both HCMV and EBV as compared with commercial kits. Regarding the sensitivity and specificity, it seems that the developed Multiplex Nested PCR assay could be used as a reliable virusassociated renal rejection (VRR) panel in post renal transplant surveillance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  11. Evaluation of the Roche MagNA Pure 96 nucleic acid extraction platform for the Seegene Anyplex II HPV28 detection assay
    Atchison S, Shilling H, Balgovind P, Machalek DA, Hawkes D, Garland SM, et al.
    J Appl Microbiol, 2021 Nov;131(5):2592-2599.
    PMID: 33942451 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15126
    AIM: Validate the Roche, MagNAPure96 (MP96) nucleic acid extraction platform for Seegene Anyplex II HPV28 (Anyplex28) detection of Human Papillomavirus.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Comparisons were made for Anyplex28 genotyping from 115 cervical samples extracted on the Hamilton, STARlet and the MP96. Two DNA concentrations were used for the MP96, one matched for sample input to the STARlet and another 5× concentration (laboratory standard). Agreement of HPV detection was 89·8% (κ = 0·798; P = 0·007), with HPV detected in 10 more samples for the MP96. There was a high concordance of detection for any oncogenic HPV genotype (κ = 0·77; P = 0·007) and for any low-risk HPV genotype (κ = 0·85; P = 0·008). DNA extracted at laboratory standard had a lower overall agreement 85·2% (κ = 0·708; P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  12. Fulltext Genetic variation of pfhrp2 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Yemen and the performance of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic test
    Atroosh WM, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Al-Jasari A, Sady H, Al-Delaimy AK, Nasr NA, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2015;8:388.
    PMID: 26198252 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1008-x
    The genetic variation in the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene that may compromise the use of pfhrp2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the diagnosis of malaria was assessed in P. falciparum isolates from Yemen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  13. Secondary triage classification using an ensemble random forest technique
    Azeez D, Gan KB, Mohd Ali MA, Ismail MS
    Technol Health Care, 2015;23(4):419-28.
    PMID: 25791174 DOI: 10.3233/THC-150907
    BACKGROUND: Triage of patients in the emergency department is a complex task based on several uncertainties and ambiguous information. Triage must be implemented within two to five minutes to avoid potential fatality and increased waiting time.
    OBJECTIVE: An intelligent triage system has been proposed for use in a triage environment to reduce human error.
    METHODS: This system was developed based on the objective primary triage scale (OPTS) that is currently used in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center. Both primary and secondary triage models are required to develop this system. The primary triage model has been reported previously; this work focused on secondary triage modelling using an ensemble random forest technique. The randomized resampling method was proposed to balance the data unbalance prior to model development.
    RESULTS: The results showed that the 300% resampling gave a low out-of-bag error of 0.02 compared to 0.37 without pre-processing. This model has a sensitivity and specificity of 0.98 and 0.89, respectively, for the unseen data.
    CONCLUSION: With this combination, the random forest reduces the variance, and the randomized resembling reduces the bias, leading to the reduced out-of-bag error.
    KEYWORDS: Decision support system; emergency department; random forest; randomized resampling
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  14. Fulltext Use of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method for mutational screening of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and Familial defective apolipoprotein B100 (FDB)
    Azian M, Hapizah MN, Khalid BA, Khalid Y, Rosli A, Jamal R
    Malays J Pathol, 2006 Jun;28(1):7-15.
    PMID: 17694954 MyJurnal
    Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and Familial defective apolipoprotein B100 (FDB) are autosomal dominant inherited diseases of lipid metabolism caused by mutations in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and apolipoprotein B 100 genes. FH is clinically characterised by elevated concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), presence of xanthomata and premature atherosclerosis. Both conditions are associated with coronary artery disease but may be clinically indistinguishable. Seventy-two (72) FH patients were diagnosed based on the Simon Broome's criteria. Mutational screening was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Positive mutations were subjected to DNA sequencing for confirmation of the mutation. We successfully amplified all exons in the LDL receptor and apo B100 genes. DGGE was performed in all exons of the LDL receptor (except for exons 4-3', 18 and promoter region) and apo B100 genes. We have identified four different mutations in the LDL receptor gene but no mutation was detected in the apo B 100 gene. The apo B100 gene mutation was not detected on DGGE screening as sequencing was not performed for negative cases on DGGE technique. To our knowledge, the C234S mutation (exon 5) is a novel mutation worldwide. The D69N mutation (exon 3) has been reported locally while the R385W (exon 9) and R716G (exon 15) mutations have not been reported locally. However, only 4 mutations have been identified among 14/72 patients (19.4%) in 39 FH families. Specificity (1-false positive) of this technique was 44.7% based on the fact that 42/76 (55.3%) samples with band shifts showed normal DNA sequencing results. A more sensitive method needs to be addressed in future studies in order to fully characterise the LDLR and apo B100 genes such as denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. In conclusion, we have developed the DNA analysis for FH patients using PCR-DGGE technique. DNA analysis plays an important role to characterise the type of mutations and forms an adjunct to clinical diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  15. Poly(vinyl alcohol) : a potential matrix for glucose oxidase immobilization?
    Azila AA, Barbari T, Searson P
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:51-2.
    PMID: 15468814
    Considerable effort has been focused on the method of immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD) for amperometric glucose biosensors since the technique employed may influence the available activity of the enzyme and thus affect the performance of the sensor. Narrow measuring range and low current response are still considered problems in this area. In this work, poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) was investigated as a potential matrix for GOD immobilization. GOD was entrapped in cross-linked PVA. The use of a PVA-GOD membrane as the enzymatic component of a glucose biosensor was found to be promising in both the magnitude of its signal and its relative stability over time. The optimum PVA-GOD membrane (cross-linking density of 0.06) was obtained through careful selection of the cross-linking density of the PVA matrix.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  16. Early Detection of High-frequency Presbycusis Among Normal Hearing Individuals
    Aziz A, Md Daud MK, Nik Othman NA, Abd Rahman N
    Otol Neurotol, 2020 09;41(8):e989-e992.
    PMID: 32472918 DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002725
    BACKGROUND: Presbycusis is an age-related sensorineural hearing loss and it may reduce quality of life. We conducted a study to establish the prevalence of high-frequency presbycusis in normal hearing individuals and to validate the role of extended high-frequency distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in the screening.

    METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 205 normal hearing adult participants with an age range between 25 and 54 years old. Hearing analysis with extended high-frequency pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and high-frequency DPOAE was carried out for all eligible participants. High-frequency presbycusis was considered to be present when the impairment of more than 25 dB occurs at higher than 8 kHz frequencies on both ears.

    RESULTS: Prevalence of high-frequency presbycusis using extended PTA was 31.7 (95% CI: 25.3, 38.1) and using high-frequency DPOAE was 57.4 (95% CI: 50.7, 64.4). The sensitivity and specificity of high-frequency DPOAE in detecting high-frequency presbycusis were 72.3 and 49.3% respectively with positive predictive value of 39.8% and negative predictive value of 79.3%. The association between age and high-frequency presbycusis was significant based on high-frequency DPOAE (p = 0.029).

    CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of high-frequency hearing loss is higher with increasing in age. High-frequency DPOAE may be used as a screening tool followed by confirmation using extended PTA. The early detection of presbycusis is important so that measures can be taken to prevent more severe problems developing.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  17. LC-MS/MS quantitation of antimalarial drug piperaquine and metabolites in human plasma
    Aziz MY, Hoffmann KJ, Ashton M
    J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2017 Sep 15;1063:253-258.
    PMID: 28863865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.035
    PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a sensitive, quantitative assay for the antimalarial piperaquine (PQ) and its metabolites M1 and M2 in human plasma.

    RESULTS: Analytes were gradiently separated on a C18 column and detected with a Sciex API 4000 MS/MS with an ESI source operated in the positive ion mode with deuterated PQ as internal standard. The response was linear in the range 3.9-2508nM with a runtime of 7.0min per sample. The method was applied to clinical samples from healthy volunteers.

    CONCLUSION: This LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of PQ and two of its metabolites in plasma may prove helpful for assessment of metabolite safety issues in vivo.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  18. Fulltext The association of the HLA class II antigens with clinical and autoantibody expression in Malaysian Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    Azizah MR, Ainoi SS, Kuak SH, Kong NCT, Normaznah Y, Rahim MN
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2001 Jun;19(2):93-100.
    PMID: 11699726
    The frequency of the HLA class II antigens/alleles (HLA-DR, DQ and DP) were studied in 70 Malaysian Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to examine the contribution of these genes to disease susceptibility, their clinical expression and Immunological responses. This was done using modified PCR-RFLP technique. These samples were then compared with 66 ethnically matched controls. We found a strong association of the DQA1*0102 (p corr = 0.032, rr = 3.39), DQB1*0501 (p corr = 0.003, rr = 4.55), *0601 (p corr = 0.006, rr = 4.22) and DPB1* 0901(p corr = 0.02, rr = 4.58) with SLE. Clinically, we found a strong association of DR2 and DQA1*0301 with renal involvement and DQA1*0102 with alopecia. Immunologically, statistical analysis (Chi-square test ) showed a strong association of DQA1*0102 with anti-Ro/La antibodies while DQA1*0301 was observed to be strongly associated with antibodies to ds DNA. DQA1*0102 was found more frequently in those with a later disease onset (30 years of age or above). From these data we suggest that the HLA class II genes play a role in conferring disease susceptibility and clinical and immunological expression.
    Study site: SLE clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  19. Fulltext HLA antigens in Malay patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with clinical and autoantibody expression
    Azizah MR, Ainol SS, Kong NCT, Normaznah Y, Rahim MN
    Korean J. Intern. Med., 2001 Jun;16(2):123-31.
    PMID: 11590899 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2001.16.2.123
    BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that certain genes within the major histocompatibility complex predispose to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may influence clinical and autoantibody expression. Thus, we studied the frequency of HLA-DR, -DQA, -DQB and -DPB alleles in ethnic Malays with SLE to determine the role of these genes in determining disease susceptibility and their association with clinical and immunological manifestations.
    METHODS: Fifty-six Malay SLE patients were enrolled into the study. Demographic, clinical and immunological findings were obtained from medical records. HLA-DR, DQ and DP typing were done using modified PCR-RELP. Controls were from ethnically-matched healthy individuals.
    RESULTS: We found a strongly significant association of the DR2 and DQB1 *0501 and DQB1*0601 (pcorr = 0.03, rr = 3.83, pcorr = 0.0036, rr = 4.56 and pcorr = 0.0048 and rr = 6.0, respectively). There was also a weak increase of DQB1*0.201 and DPB1*0.0901 with a weak decrease of DQA1*0601 and DQB1*0503 and *0301 which were not significant after corrections for multiple comparisons were made. There was a significant positive association of DR2 and DQB1*0501 with renal involvement and DR8 with alopecia. A nonsignificant increase of DQB1*0503 in patients with photosensitivity was noted. Significant autoantibody associations were also found: DQB1*0601 with anti-Sm/RNP, DR2 with antiSSA (Ro)/SSB (La), and DR2, DQB1*0501 and *0601 with antibodies to ds DNA. There was no specific DR, DQ or DP associations with age of disease onset (below 30 years or those at or above 30 years).
    CONCLUSION: Our data suggests the role of the HLA class II genes in conferring SLE susceptibility and in clinical and autoantibody expression.
    Study site: SLE Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
  20. A direct detection of human papillomavirus 16 genomic DNA using gold nanoprobes
    Azizah N, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Nadzirah S
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2017 Jan;94(Pt A):571-575.
    PMID: 27771413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.060
    Nanoparticles have been investigated as flagging tests for the sensitive DNA recognition that can be utilized as a part of field applications to defeat restrictions. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely utilized due to its optical property and capacity to get functionalized with a mixed bag of biomolecules. This study exhibits the utilization of AuNPs functionalized with single-stranded oligonucleotide (AuNP-oligo test) for fast the identification of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). This test is displayed on interdigitated electrode sensor and supported by colorimetric assay. DNA conjugated AuNP has optical property that can be controlled for the applications in diagnostics. With its identification abilities, this methodology incorporates minimal effort, strong reagents and basic identification of HPV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
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