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Fulltext Povidone iodine in wound healing: A review of current concepts and practices

Bigliardi PL, Alsagoff SAL, El-Kafrawi HY, Pyon JK, Wa CTC, Villa MA

Int J Surg, 2017 Aug;44:260-268.
PMID: 28648795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.073

BACKGROUND: Of the many antimicrobial agents available, iodophore-based formulations such as povidone iodine have remained popular after decades of use for antisepsis and wound healing applications due to their favorable efficacy and tolerability. Povidone iodine's broad spectrum of activity, ability to penetrate biofilms, lack of associated resistance, anti-inflammatory properties, low cytotoxicity and good tolerability have been cited as important factors, and no negative effect on wound healing has been observed in clinical practice. Over the past few decades, numerous reports on the use of povidone iodine have been published, however, many of these studies are of differing design, endpoints, and quality. More recent data clearly supports its use in wound healing.
METHODS: Based on data collected through PubMed using specified search criteria based on above topics and clinical experience of the authors, this article will review preclinical and clinical safety and efficacy data on the use of povidone iodine in wound healing and its implications for the control of infection and inflammation, together with the authors' advice for the successful treatment of acute and chronic wounds.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Povidone iodine has many characteristics that position it extraordinarily well for wound healing, including its broad antimicrobial spectrum, lack of resistance, efficacy against biofilms, good tolerability and its effect on excessive inflammation. Due to its rapid, potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, and favorable risk/benefit profile, povidone iodine is expected to remain a highly effective treatment for acute and chronic wounds in the foreseeable future.

Matched MeSH terms: Povidone-Iodine/therapeutic use*
Stability evaluation of quality parameters for palm oil products at low temperature storage

Ramli NAS, Mohd Noor MA, Musa H, Ghazali R

J Sci Food Agric, 2018 Jul;98(9):3351-3362.
PMID: 29250790 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8839

BACKGROUND: Palm oil is one of the major oils and fats produced and traded worldwide. The value of palm oil products is mainly influenced by their quality. According to ISO 17025:2005, accredited laboratories require a quality control procedure with respect to monitoring the validity of tests for determination of quality parameters. This includes the regular use of internal quality control using secondary reference materials. Unfortunately, palm oil reference materials are not currently available. To establish internal quality control samples, the stability of quality parameters needs to be evaluated.
RESULTS: In the present study, the stability of quality parameters for palm oil products was examined over 10 months at low temperature storage (6 ± 2 °C). The palm oil products tested included crude palm oil (CPO); refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm oil (RBDPO); RBD palm olein (RBDPOo); and RBD palm stearin (RBDPS). The quality parameters of the oils [i.e. moisture content, free fatty acid content (FFA), iodine value (IV), fatty acids composition (FAC) and slip melting point (SMP)] were determined prior to and throughout the storage period. The moisture, FFA, IV, FAC and SMP for palm oil products changed significantly (P 0.05). The stability study indicated that the quality of the palm oil products was stable within the specified limits throughout the storage period at low temperature.
CONCLUSION: The storage conditions preserved the quality of palm oil products throughout the storage period. These findings qualify the use of the palm oil products CPO, RBDPO, RBDPOo and RBDPS as control samples in the validation of test results. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine/analysis
Iodization of village water supply in the control of endemic iodine deficiency in rural Sarawak, Malaysia

Foo LC, Zainab T, Goh SY, Letchuman GR, Nafikudin M, Doraisingam P, et al.

Biomed Environ Sci, 1996 Sep;9(2-3):236-41.
PMID: 8886337

A simple water iodizing system, which incorporates the Venturi principle in combination with the controlled release mechanism of a silicone-sodium iodide elastomer, for the iodization of rural piped-water supply in the control of endemic iodine deficiency has been developed and its effectiveness evaluated in three Iban longhouse villages in the iodine-deficient district of Lubok Antu, Sarawak. Urines were collected for iodine assays from women aged 15-40 years before and at 6 and 12 months after the connection of the iodinating device; goiter assessment was performed on the women at the start and end of the 1-year study. Water samples were collected for iodine assays at 2-weekly intervals. In all three villages, significant and sustained increases in median urinary iodine excretions, reaching levels recommended for an iodine-sufficient population, were observed; goitre prevalences were reduced in all the villages (by 22.6% to 35.8%). The iodine levels in the water ranged from 34 micrograms/l to 212 micrograms/L. In the control village, median urinary iodine excretions remained essentially unchanged but a small increase in goiter prevalence was observed. The iodized water was well received by the villagers and no adverse effects of water iodization were observed. The system functioned unattended throughout the one year period. The cost of providing supplemental iodine via the iodizing device is approximately 60 cents (U.S.) per family per year which is affordable by either the Government or the villagers. It is concluded that the iodizing system offers a new cost-effective strategy for the control of endemic iodine deficiency in Sarawak and may have applications in other areas with similar water sources.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine/deficiency*
Iodine content in urine samples among Malays and aborigines

Ali O, Muda K, Khalid B

Acta Med Okayama, 1994 Dec;48(6):289-92.
PMID: 7709757

A study was conducted to compare the urinary iodine concentrations in populations from Pahang, Central Malaysia, with those in the capital city Kuala Lumpur, and to compare those of Malays from villages at Batu Talam, Batu Malim, FELDA Sungai Koyan and Hulu Sungai with neighboring aboriginal settlements at Lanai and Buntu. Two hundred and forty urine samples were collected randomly among the population (male 1 1 1 and female 129). The urinary iodine concentrations, measured by the ashing method, among Malays were as follows: Batu Talam 1.1-7.6 micrograms/dl, Batu Malim 1.4-6.6 micrograms/dl, FELDA Sungai Koyan 0.5-6.9 micrograms/dl and Hulu Sungai 0.6-9.9 micrograms/dl. Among aborigines, the urinary iodine levels were 0.1-2.9 micrograms/dl in Lanai and 1.7-6.5 micrograms/dl in Buntu. There was a significant difference in the levels of urinary iodine with regard to gender, but not regarding age. The aborigines had significantly lower iodine levels than Malays (P < 0.001). This difference was also significant with regard to location. The urinary iodine content in Kuala Lumpur was the highest and that in the aboriginal Lanai village was the lowest. Thus, the study showed that the levels of iodine in the urine were influenced by ethnicity and geographic location.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine/urine*
Current status of recommended dietary allowances in Southeast Asia: a regional overview

Tee ES

Nutr Rev, 1998 Apr;56(4 Pt 2):S10-8.
PMID: 9584501
Matched MeSH terms: Iodine/standards
Fulltext The prevalence of endemic goitre in the Keningau Division of Sabah

Chen PC, Wong ML, Ong FP

Asia Pac J Public Health, 1989;3(1):78-81.
PMID: 2719877 DOI: 10.1177/101053958900300111

Four areas of differing remoteness were studied to determine the prevalence of goitre in the Keningau Division of Sabah. These areas were Keningau town, the Biah Resettlement Scheme, the Dalit subdistrict and the Pagalunggan subdistrict. The predominant ethnic group in these areas is the Murut. The overall endemicity of goitre for the study population was 76.5% for females aged 15 years and above. There was a significant correlation between the incidence of goitre and the remoteness of an area. The Dalit subdistrict has the highest incidence of goitre (82.6%) followed by the Pagalunggan subdistrict (77.8%), the majority of these goitre cases being classified as grade 2 (visible goitres). These were the two most remote areas in the study. In contrast, Keningau town, the least remote area has the lowest incidence of goitre (62.5%) with most of the goitres being relatively small. With regards to salt usage in the Dalit subdistrict, only 3.0% used iodised salt; 28.0% used fine salt; 3.6% used coarse salt and 65.5% used both fine and coarse salt. In the Pagalunggan subdistrict, all females used uniodised salt with 17.6% using fine salt, 20% using coarse salt and the remainder using both fine and coarse salt. As yet, there is no legislation for the iodisation of salt in Sabah. It is clear that all types of salt need to be iodised and adequately distributed to deprived areas, particularly inland areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine/deficiency
Fulltext Results of long-term follow-up after compensated fixed-dose therapy for thyrotoxicosis

Zaini A, Khir A, Doi SA, Chan SP, Paramsothy M, Khoo BH

J Int Med Res, 1992 Jun;20(3):279-88.
PMID: 1397673

To evaluate the effects of simple compensated fixed-dose iodine-131 therapy for thyrotoxicosis, the long-term results for 74 patients treated with a fixed dose of iodine-131 ranging from 5 to 12 mCi (185 to 444 MBq) were evaluated in the first 2 years of a trial. The dose selected was loosely based on the gross size of the thyroid gland. Routine antithyroid drug therapy was given for a minimum of 3 months after iodine-131 therapy. The mean (+/- SD) duration of follow-up was 74.5 +/- 42 months. The results indicated that roughly 25% of patients treated in this way will become hypothyroid after 5 years and that 85% are cured (need no further therapy during the follow-up period) using a single dose of iodine-131. Of those cured using a single iodine-131 dose, 81% were no longer receiving drugs after 6 months and 85% after 1 year. Such a regimen seems currently to be among the best available where prolonged periods of medication-free euthyroidism after therapy are sought.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use*
Replacement of animal fat with fractionated and partially hydrogenated palm oil in beef burgers

Babji AS, Alina AR, Seri Chempaka MY, Sharmini T, Basker R, Yap SL

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 1998 Sep;49(5):327-32.
PMID: 10367001

Four formulations of burgers, prepared with 65% lean meat and 15% fat consisting of RBD palm stearin (PS), Socfat 4000P and Socfat 4100P and beef fat (BF) as control were evaluated for solid fat content (SFC), slip melting point (SMP), cooking loss, proximate analysis (moisture, fat and protein), colour, i.e. lightness ('L'), redness ('a') and yellowness ('b'), free fatty acid (FFA), iodine value (IV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and texture profile analysis (TPA). Sensory evaluation was carried out for texture, juiciness, aroma, oiliness and overall acceptance. SFC and SMP for raw and cooked SF4000P beef burgers were closest to BF control burgers, falling into the range of 35-40 degrees C. Cooking loss was highest for PS burgers, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) amongst BF, SF4000P and SF4100P burgers. Proximate analysis on raw burgers showed SF4000P to contain high fat and lowest moisture contents. Objective textural measurements using texture profile analysis (TPA) for all cooked burgers showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) for springiness and cohesiveness. Variation of values among the formulations for hardness, gumminess and chewiness are explained by the differences of SFC for beef burgers with various types of fats. Raw and cooked PS burgers have the lightest 'L' values compared with other fat-substituted burgers while BF, SF4000P and SF4100P indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05) for 'L', 'a' and 'b' values. Beef fat showed the highest amount of free fatty acids (FFA) compared to palm oil samples. For the iodine value (IV), SF4000P showed the highest value which means that it contained the highest level of unsaturated fatty acids followed by PS, BF and SF4100P successively. SF4000P had the highest TBA values followed successively by BF, PS and SF4100P. For sensory evaluation, PS burgers had the least oily taste. This may be due to its high cooking loss. Taste panelists could not differentiate burgers with substituted vegetable fats against the control burgers.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine/analysis
Determination of thyroid volume by Sonography in healthy Brazilian schoolchildren

Rossi A, Tomimori E, Camargo R, Medeiros-Neto G

J Clin Ultrasound, 2002 May;30(4):226-31.
PMID: 11981932

Our objective was to establish thyroid volume by sonography in Brazilian schoolchildren and to correlate thyroid volume with anthropometric characteristics.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine/metabolism*
Characterization of low saturation palm oil products after continuous enzymatic interesterification and dry fractionation

Huey SM, Hock CC, Lin SW

J Food Sci, 2009 May-Jul;74(4):E177-83.
PMID: 19490322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01122.x

The lipase-catalyzed interesterification of refined, bleached, deodorized palm olein with iodine value (IV) of 62 was studied in a pilot continuous packed-bed reactor operating at 65 degrees C. Sn-1,3 specific immobilized enzyme; Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces Lanuginosa) from Novozyme A/S was used in this study. The interesterification reaction produced fully solidified fats at ambient temperature due to the production of trisaturated triacylglycerols (TAG) (PPP and PPS, where P = palmitic acid, S = stearic acid). The reaction also increased the percentage of triunsaturated TAG (OLL, OLO, and OOO, where O = oleic acid, L = linoleic acid). The interesterified product was then dry fractionated at temperatures of 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 degrees C to separate the saturated fats from the unsaturated. The results show that IV of olein increased when the fractionation temperature (T(FN)) decreased. The highest IV of olein was 72, obtained from T(FN) at 9 degrees C. After interesterification and laboratory-scale fractionation, the olein fractions contained higher unsaturation content ranging from 64.7% to 67.7% compared to the starting material (58.3%), while the saturation content was reduced from 41.7% to the range of 32.3% to 35.3%. The yields of these oleins were low with the range of 24.8% to 51.8% due to the limitation of the vacuum filtration. Ten kilograms of pilot-scale fractionation with membrane press filter was used to determine the exact olein yield. At T(FN) of 12 degrees C, 67.1% of olein with saturation content of 33.9% was obtained.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine/analysis
Fulltext A comparative study between honey and povidone iodine as dressing solution for Wagner type II diabetic foot ulcers

Shukrimi A, Sulaiman AR, Halim AY, Azril A

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):44-6.
PMID: 18935732 MyJurnal

Honey dressing has been used to promote wound healing for years but scanty scientific studies did not provide enough evidences to justify it benefits in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. We conducted a prospective study to compare the effect of honey dressing for Wagner's grade-II diabetic foot ulcers with controlled dressing group (povidone iodine followed by normal saline). Surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotics were prescribed in all patients. There were 30 patients age between 31 to 65-years-old (mean of 52.1 years). The mean healing time in the standard dressing group was 15.4 days (range 9-36 days) compared to 14.4 days (range 7-26 days) in the honey group (p < 0.005). In conclusion, ulcer healing was not significantly different in both study groups. Honey dressing is a safe alternative dressing for Wagner grade-II diabetic foot ulcers.

Matched MeSH terms: Povidone-Iodine/therapeutic use*
Clinical determinants of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin and negative (131)iodine whole body scans after (131)iodine therapy

Shamim SE, Nang LB, Shuaib IL, Muhamad NA

Malays J Med Sci, 2014 May;21(3):38-46.
PMID: 25246834

A cross-sectional prospective study has been conducted on differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients using negative (131)Iodine ((131)I) whole body scans and elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels. The main objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of the conversion of differentiated to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer patients during follow up at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur. It has been demonstrated that fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake is inversely proportional to the iodine concentration and to differentiation of the cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes
An overview of current knowledge concerning the health and environmental consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident

Aliyu AS, Evangeliou N, Mousseau TA, Wu J, Ramli AT

Environ Int, 2015 Dec;85:213-28.
PMID: 26425805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.020

Since 2011, the scientific community has worked to identify the exact transport and deposition patterns of radionuclides released from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in Japan. Nevertheless, there still remain many unknowns concerning the health and environmental impacts of these radionuclides. The present paper reviews the current understanding of the FDNPP accident with respect to interactions of the released radionuclides with the environment and impacts on human and non-human biota. Here, we scrutinize existing literature and combine and interpret observations and modeling assessments derived after Fukushima. Finally, we discuss the behavior and applications of radionuclides that might be used as tracers of environmental processes. This review focuses on (137)Cs and (131)I releases derived from Fukushima. Published estimates suggest total release amounts of 12-36.7PBq of (137)Cs and 150-160PBq of (131)I. Maximum estimated human mortality due to the Fukushima nuclear accident is 10,000 (due to all causes) and the maximum estimates for lifetime cancer mortality and morbidity are 1500 and 1800, respectively. Studies of plants and animals in the forests of Fukushima have recorded a range of physiological, developmental, morphological, and behavioral consequences of exposure to radioactivity. Some of the effects observed in the exposed populations include the following: hematological aberrations in Fukushima monkeys; genetic, developmental and morphological aberrations in a butterfly; declines in abundances of birds, butterflies and cicadas; aberrant growth forms in trees; and morphological abnormalities in aphids. These findings are discussed from the perspective of conservation biology.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes/analysis
Iodination improves the phototoxicity of an amphiphilic porphyrin

Topkaya D, Ng SY, Bretonnière Y, Lafont D, Chung LY, Lee HB, et al.

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2016 Dec;16:12-14.
PMID: 27475243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.07.008
Matched MeSH terms: Iodine/administration & dosage; Iodine/chemistry*
Improvement of N-phthaloylchitosan based gel polymer electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells using a binary salt system

Yusuf SNF, Azzahari AD, Selvanathan V, Yahya R, Careem MA, Arof AK

Carbohydr Polym, 2017 Feb 10;157:938-944.
PMID: 27988011 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.032

A binary salt system utilizing lithium iodide (LiI) as the auxiliary component has been introduced to the N-phthaloylchitosan (PhCh) based gel polymer electrolyte consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI), and iodine (I2) in order to improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with efficiency of 6.36%, photocurrent density, JSC of 17.29mAcm-2, open circuit voltage, VOC of 0.59V and fill factor, FF of 0.62. This efficiency value is an improvement from the 5.00% performance obtained by the DSSC consisting of only TPAI single salt system. The presence of the LiI in addition to the TPAI improves the charge injection rates and increases the iodide contribution to the total conductivity and both factors contribute to the increase in efficiency of the DSSC. The interaction behavior between polymer-plasticizer-salt was thoroughly investigated using EIS, FTIR spectroscopy and XRD.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine
Fulltext Enucleation in a Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera bonasus)

Abraham Gabriel A, Yee-Nin ST, Adamu L, Hassan HMD, Wahid AH

Case Rep Vet Med, 2018;2018:5048948.
PMID: 29955436 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5048948

Trauma is a common problem in Cownose Ray during mating season in both wild and captive rays. Enucleation is indicated when there is an ocular trauma. A 5-year-old female Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) from Aquaria of Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre (KLCC) was presented to University Veterinary Hospital (UVH), Universiti Putra Malaysia, with a complaint of protruding left eye, which resulted from crushing into artificial coral during mating season. There were a hyphema in the traumatic left eye, periorbital tissue tear, exposed left eye socket, and multiple abrasions on both pectoral fins. The Cownose was anaesthetized and maintained with isoeugenol and on-field emergency enucleation of the left eye was performed. It was managed medically with postoperative enrofloxacin, tobramycin ointment, and povidone iodine. No suture breakdown and secondary infection were observed at day 7 after enucleation during revisit. At day 24 after enucleation, the Cownose responded well to treatment with excellent healing progression and no surgical complication was observed.

Matched MeSH terms: Povidone-Iodine
Features of post-radioiodine whole body scan in non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP)

Wong TH, Tan TH, Chin SC, Lee BN

Med J Malaysia, 2018 06;73(3):181-182.
PMID: 29962506

Recently, encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma has been reclassified as non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) to emphasize the benign nature of this entity. In our institution, we have assessed 455 patients treated with radioiodine ablation for differentiated thyroid carcinoma and 20 of them were retrospectively found to fulfill the new NIFTP criteria. There was no evidence of metastasis on post radioiodine whole body scans for NIFTP cases and these patients were in remission subsequently. The benign features of these patients' whole body scans and good clinical outcome following treatment further support NIFTP as a low risk thyroid neoplasm.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
Fulltext Honeydew Rind activated Carbon as an Adsorbent for Zn (II) and Cr (III) removal from aqueous solution: An optimization study

Zalilah Murni Yunus, Norzila Othman, Rafidah Hamdan, Nurun Najwa Ruslan

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(105):155-162.
MyJurnal

A combination of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) 20% v/v impregnation and carbonization method was employed to convert honeydew rind into activated carbons (ACPHDR) for Zn(II) and Cr(III) removal aqueous solution. The characterization of ACPDHR by N2 sorption, iodine number and Boehm analysis result 1272 m2/g surface area, 1174 mg/g and 1.13 mmol/g total acidic functional groups respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersed microscopy (FESEM-EDX) analysis of unloaded and metal-loaded carbon showed shifted of significance peaks and the changes of surface morphology of the sorbent. The adsorption was optimized at pH, shaking duration, initial metal concentration and mass of adsorbent of 5.5, 40 min and 500 mg/L, 0.4 g for Zn(II) and 4, 40 min, 1000 mg/L, 0.1 g for Cr(III) removal. It is concluded that the metal removal was influenced by pH solution, contact time, initial metal concentration and mass of adsorbent. The highest removal of Zn(II) and Cr(III) was observed at 84.24% and 90.10% respectively. Waste from honeydew will be benefited from this research which offer a cheaper alternative precursor to coal based activated carbons.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine
Staff and ambient radiation dose resulting from therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures

Alkhorayef M, Sulieman A, Mohamed-Ahmed M, Al-Mohammed HI, Alkhomashi N, Sam AK, et al.

Appl Radiat Isot, 2018 Nov;141:270-274.
PMID: 30145016 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.07.014

With associated cure rates in excess of 90%, targeted 131I radioactive iodine therapy has clearly improved thyroid cancer survival. Thus said, potential radiation risks to staff represent a particular concern, current study seeking to determine the radiation exposure of staff from 131I patients during hospitalization, also estimating accumulated dose and related risk to staff during preparation of the radioactive iodine. In present study made over the three-month period 1st February to 1st May 2017, a total of 69 patient treatments were investigated (comprising a cohort of 46 females and 23 males), this being a patient treatment load typically reflective of the workload at the particular centre for such treatments. The patients were administered sodium iodide 131I, retained in capsules containing activities ranging from 370 to 5550 MBq at the time of calibration, radioiodine activity depends on many factors such as gender, clinical indication, body mass index and age. The staff radiation dose arising from each patient treatment was measured on three consecutive days subsequent to capsule administration. In units of µSv, the mean and dose-rates range at distances from the patients of 5 cm, 1 m and 2 m were 209 ± 73 (165-294), 6.8 ± 2 (5.3-9.5) and 0.9 ± 0.3 (0.7-1.2). The annual dose (also measured in units of µSv), based on annual records of doses, for medical physicists, technologists and nurses were 604, 680 and 1000 µSv respectively. In regard to current practice and workload, staff exposures were all found to be below the annual dose limit for radiation workers.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
Fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of Malaysian castor bean Ricinus communis L. seed oil

Jumat Salimon, Dina Azleema Mohd Noor, Nazrizawati A, Mohd Firdaus M, Noraishah A

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.

The crude oil of Malaysian castor bean Ricinus communis L. seed was extracted by Soxhlet method using hexane. The physicochemical characteristics of castor bean oil were evaluated. The results showed that Malaysian castor seeds contain a relatively high percentage of total lipids content; 43.3% (per dry weight), high iodine value (84.5 mg/g) and saponification value (182.96 mg/g). The seed oil moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid percentage (% FFA) were 0.2%, 4.88 mg/g and 3.4%, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) content were 97.5% of the total fatty acids composition. Ricinoleic acid comprises over 84% while other fatty acids present were linoleic (7.3%), oleic (5.5%), palmitic (1.3%), stearic (1.2%) and linolenic (0.5%), respectively. Five types of castor bean seed oil triacylglycerols were identified as triricinolein, RRR (84.1%), diricinoleoylstearoylglycerol, RRS (8.2%), diricinoleoyloleoyl-glycerol, RRO (5.6%), diricinoleoyllinoleoylglycerol, RRL (1.2%) and diricinoleoylpalmitoyl-glycerol, RRP (0.9%) respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Iodine

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