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Fulltext A multi-resolution textural approach to diagnostic neuropathology reporting

Fauzi MF, Gokozan HN, Elder B, Puduvalli VK, Pierson CR, Otero JJ, et al.

J Neurooncol, 2015 Sep;124(3):393-402.
PMID: 26255070 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1872-4

We present a computer aided diagnostic workflow focusing on two diagnostic branch points in neuropathology (intraoperative consultation and p53 status in tumor biopsy specimens) by means of texture analysis via discrete wavelet frames decomposition. For intraoperative consultation, our methodology is capable of classifying glioblastoma versus metastatic cancer by extracting textural features from the non-nuclei region of cytologic preparations based on the imaging characteristics of glial processes, which appear as anisotropic thin linear structures. For metastasis, these are homogeneous in appearance, thus suitable and extractable texture features distinguish the two tissue types. Experiments on 53 images (29 glioblastomas and 24 metastases) resulted in average accuracy as high as 89.7 % for glioblastoma, 87.5 % for metastasis and 88.7 % overall. For p53 interpretation, we detect and classify p53 status by classifying staining intensity into strong, moderate, weak and negative sub-classes. We achieved this by developing a novel adaptive thresholding for detection, a two-step rule based on weighted color and intensity for the classification of positively and negatively stained nuclei, followed by texture classification to classify the positively stained nuclei into the strong, moderate and weak intensity sub-classes. Our detection method is able to correctly locate and distinguish the four types of cells, at 85 % average precision and 88 % average sensitivity rate. These classification methods on the other hand recorded 81 % accuracy in classifying the positive and negative cells, and 60 % accuracy in further classifying the positive cells into the three intensity groups, which is comparable with neuropathologists' markings.

Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms/secondary; Glioblastoma/secondary
Malignant melanoma of the choroid in a naevus of Ota

Singh M, Kaur B, Annuar NM

Br J Ophthalmol, 1988 Feb;72(2):131-3.
PMID: 3349013

A rare case of choroidal malignant melanoma in a naevus of Ota is described. This is the first reported case from Asia outside the Japanese population. This case illustrates the need for close observation of all pigmented lesions of the eye.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/secondary; Melanoma/secondary
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the thigh in a child: a case report

Ibrahim ZA, Chan WH, Wong SL, Ong EJ, Narihan MZ

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2014 Dec;22(3):423-6.
PMID: 25550031

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is aggressive in children. The condition in children differs to that in adults and to skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. We report on a 9-year-old girl with EMC in her left thigh. She underwent above-knee amputation. Five months later, a small mass was noted at the right lower lobe of the lung. The patient underwent one course of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide chemotherapy, followed by resection of the mass and 8 more courses of chemotherapy. At the 2-year follow-up, she was in remission radiologically.

Matched MeSH terms: Chondrosarcoma/secondary; Lung Neoplasms/secondary; Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue/secondary
Fulltext Finger clubbing: do we require digital index quantitator?

Djojodibroto RD, Thomas PT, Kana KT, Hla M

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Apr;69(2):60-3.
PMID: 25241813 MyJurnal

Some diseases may underlie finger clubbing. However, there is a dearth of information about early stage of finger clubbing because only few researchers have shown interest in it. We determined the Digital Index of normal, healthy subjects by using thread and manual Vernier calipers, the time used for the procedure, and its interrater reliability. The value of Digital Index was 8.86 ± 0.29 (Mean ± SD) with a range of 8.15 to 9.41. Interrater reliability was excellent with Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.966. Overall, the time taken to measure the Digital Index ranged from 21.93 to 68.80 minutes with an average of 35.97 ± 9.16 (Mean ± SD). Determining Digital Index need much time, but this can be overcome if we use Digital Index Quantitator (DIQ). Availability of DIQ in the hospital wards will be of much benefit. DIQ can also be used to accurately quantify the progression or regression of the clubbing process. This article proves that we need morphometry of digital clubbing as well as the correlation of the physical sign of clubbing with Digital Index.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic
Attenuation of excitation decay rate due to collective effect

Tay BA

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, 2014 Aug;90(2):022142.
PMID: 25215723

We study a series of N oscillators, each coupled to its nearest neighbors, and linearly to a phonon field through the oscillator's number operator. We show that the Hamiltonian of a pair of adjacent oscillators, or a dimer, within the series of oscillators can be transformed into a form in which they are collectively coupled to the phonon field as a composite unit. In the weak coupling and rotating-wave approximation, the system behaves effectively as the trilinear boson model in the one excitation subspace of the dimer subsystem. The reduced dynamics of the one excitation subspace of the dimer subsystem coupled weakly to a phonon bath is similar to that of a two-level system, with a metastable state against the vacuum. The decay constant of the subsystem is proportional to the dephasing rate of the individual oscillator in a phonon bath, attenuated by a factor that depends on site asymmetry, intersite coupling, and the resonance frequency between the transformed oscillator modes, or excitons. As a result of the collective effect, the excitation relaxation lifetime is prolonged over the dephasing lifetime of an individual oscillator coupled to the same bath.

Matched MeSH terms: Protein Structure, Secondary
Metastatic mucinous carcinoma of the eyelid

Kaur G, Ismail R, Harun H

Malays J Pathol, 2005 Dec;27(2):117-8.
PMID: 17191395

Metastatic eyelid tumours are rare and account for less than 2% of all eyelid neoplasms. We report a case of metastatic breast carcinoma to the eyelid in a 60-year-old Chinese lady presenting with a 2-year history of enlarging, painless nodular lower eyelid swelling. The 1 cm diameter lesion was provisionally diagnosed as a sebaceous cyst. However the excision biopsy revealed a mucinous carcinoma expressing oestrogen receptor protein. She had a past history of mastectomy one year previously and histology showed an infiltrating ductal carcinoma (oestrogen receptor status negative) without evidence of axillary lymph node metastasis. She had completed adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy. Further treatment of the current lesion involved a wide excision which did not show any residual malignancy. She had no other evidence of metastasis and was treated with letrozol. We highlight this case to create awareness among clinicians and opthalmologists on the possibility of metastatic disease as a cause of eyelid swelling, especially in patients with a history of cancer. It may also be the first sign of metastatic disease of an internal malignancy. A review of the literature is also presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/secondary*; Eyelid Neoplasms/secondary*; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary*
NES-REBS: A novel nuclear export signal prediction method using regular expressions and biochemical properties

Wu T, Wang X, Zhang Z, Gong F, Song T, Chen Z, et al.

J Bioinform Comput Biol, 2016 06;14(3):1650013.
PMID: 27225342 DOI: 10.1142/S021972001650013X

A nuclear export signal (NES) is a protein localization signal, which is involved in binding of cargo proteins to nuclear export receptor, thus contributes to regulate localization of cellular proteins. Consensus sequences of NES have been used to detect NES from protein sequences, but suffer from poor predictive power. Some recent peering works were proposed to use biochemical properties of experimental verified NES to refine NES candidates. Those methods can achieve high prediction rates, but their execution time will become unacceptable for large-scale NES searching if too much properties are involved. In this work, we developed a novel computational approach, named NES-REBS, to search NES from protein sequences, where biochemical properties of experimental verified NES, including secondary structure and surface accessibility, are utilized to refine NES candidates obtained by matching popular consensus sequences. We test our method by searching 262 experimental verified NES from 221 NES-containing protein sequences. It is obtained that NES-REBS runs in 2-3[Formula: see text]mins and performs well by achieving precision rate 47.2% and sensitivity 54.6%.

Matched MeSH terms: Protein Structure, Secondary
WITHDRAWN: Functional capacity evaluations for the prevention of occupational re-injuries in injured workers

Mahmud N, Schaafsma FG, Fassier JB, Verbeek JH, Reneman MF

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016 Feb 24;2:CD007290.
PMID: 26905766 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007290.pub3
Matched MeSH terms: Secondary Prevention
Normal pregnancy after successful treatment of choriocarcinoma with cerebral metastases. A case report

Sivanesaratnam V, Sen DK

J Reprod Med, 1988 Apr;33(4):402-3.
PMID: 2452881

Pregnancy after treatment of choriocarcinoma with cerebral metastases is uncommon. We treated a patient successfully with less-toxic chemotherapeutic agents than those advocated by others together with whole brain irradiation. She subsequently had two uneventful pregnancies.

Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms/secondary*; Choriocarcinoma/secondary; Lung Neoplasms/secondary
Fulltext The therapeutic potential of stem cells and progenitor cells for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Liau MT, Amini F, Ramasamy TS

Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2016 Oct;13(5):455-464.
PMID: 30603427 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-9093-2

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is usually seen in those above 50 years old. Current medical treatments only provide symptomatic relief but cannot cure the disease. There are claims that PD can be cured by stem cell transplant. The present study is aimed to assess the clinical potency and safety of stem cell in treating PD. A total of eleven articles were included for analysis, with four randomised control trials (RCTs), five non-RCTs and 2 follow up studies. All the four non-RCTs showed improvement of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale with no adverse events. However, results from RCTs showed no significant differences in the rating score among the transplant group and the Sham surgery group. The secondary analysis of one study showed a significant improvement of the rating score in those patients aged 60 and younger. Transplant group also associated with an overall higher incidence of adverse events. In conclusion, the RCTs and non-RCTs produced opposite results. When the studies were performed as non-RCTs in small number of patients, they showed promising result in the patients. It could say that currently the use of stem cell/progenitor cells in treating PD need much research despite having the implanted stem cell to be able to survive and integrated. The survival of implanted dopamine neurons in the striatum, however, does not indicate a success in correcting PD symptoms. Further investigations will shed light on the application and mechanism of action of stem cells in treating PD.
Electronic Supplementary Material: Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13770-016-9093-2 and is accessible for authorized users.

Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Depolymerization of lignocellulose of oil palm empty fruit bunch by thermophilic microorganisms from tropical climate

Azman NF, Megat Mohd Noor MJ, Md Akhir FN, Ang MY, Hashim H, Othman N, et al.

Bioresour Technol, 2019 May;279:174-180.
PMID: 30721818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.122

Previous studies on screening of lignin-degrading bacteria mainly focused on the ligninolytic ability of the isolated bacteria for the utilization of lignin monomers. In this study, we focused on the depolymerization of alkali lignin to prove the ability of the isolated thermophilic bacterial strains to utilize and depolymerize more than a monomer of alkali lignin within 7 days of incubation. Indigenous thermophilic bacterial isolates from the palm oil plantation were used to evaluate the depolymerization and utilization of alkali lignin. The confirmation of the bacterium-mediated depolymerization of oil palm empty fruit bunch was achieved through the removal of silica bodies, as observed with scanning electron microscopy. Stenotrophomonas sp. S2 and Bacillus subtilis S11Y were able to reduce approximately 50% and 20% of alkali lignin at 7 days of incubation without the requirement for additional carbon sources.

Matched MeSH terms: Secondary Metabolism
Anterior uveal and episcleral metastases from carcinoma of the breast

Reddy SC, Madhavan M, Mutum SS

Ophthalmologica, 2000 Sep-Oct;214(5):368-72.
PMID: 10965254 DOI: 10.1159/000027523

Breast carcinoma is the most common primary tumor producing intraocular metastasis. Metastases to the iris and ciliary body are relatively rare. The authors report a case of a 61-year-old lady, operated for carcinoma of the left breast 3 years back, who presented with symptoms and signs of acute narrow-angle glaucoma in the right eye. A diffuse whitish plaque-like mass in the upper nasal quadrant of the iris with an episcleral nodule on the limbus in the corresponding area and all the signs of acute narrow-angle glaucoma were present in the right eye. Intraocular pressure was controlled medically. Fine-needle aspiration cytology from the episcleral nodule showed malignant cells. Histopathology of the excised nodule showed metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma, and the cellular pattern was similar to the carcinoma of the breast. There was no other metastasis anywhere in the body. Fine-needle aspiration cytology from an external lesion of the eye is a less invasive and easier procedure than paracentesis to diagnose the metastatic nature of the lesions. The rare features in our case are the clinical presentation as acute glaucoma and the ocular structures being the first and only site of metastasis.

Matched MeSH terms: Eye Neoplasms/secondary; Uveal Neoplasms/secondary*; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary*
Fulltext Perceived barriers among cardiac patients towards cardiac rehabilitation programme: a preliminary study

Sukhbeer KaurDarsin Singh, Khatijah Lim Abdullah3, Imran Zainal Abidin, Abqariyah Yahya

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):3-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation is one of the secondary prevention programme to reduce morbidity and mortal- ity in cardiac patients. However, adherence towards this programme is still sub optimal. The objective of this study isto determine the perceived barriers on cardiac rehabilitation programme among cardiac patients and its association with the sociodemographiccharacteristics. Methods: A preliminary study using the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barrier Scale (CRBS) was conducted in a tertiary hospital among 40 patients. The CRBS tool was validated and tested for reliability.Convenience sampling method was used among those who have attended the cardiac rehabilitation pro- gramme. Ethical approval was obtained from the institution ethical committee. There were total of 22 items in the CRBS except for the last item (22nd) being an open-ended item to enable the patients to share their opinion on any other barriers towards attendance to cardiac rehabilitation programme. The 21 items assessed on patients’ opinion on the perceived barriers during their attendance to the cardiac rehabilitation programme in a form of Likert scale. Results: The overall mean (SD) score for the 21 items was 60.70 (8.77) showed that the patients were able to un- derstand gave their best options on the opinions towards CRBS. The highest mean on item 11 on ‘time constraints’ at 3.58 (0.75). Thus, the majority of the patients scored the item “time constraints’ as the highest perceived barrier during attendance in the cardiac rehabilitation programme. The association of the sociodemographic status had sig- nificance difference (p

Matched MeSH terms: Secondary Prevention
Fulltext Very-low-dose aspirin and surveillance colonoscopy is cost-effective in secondary prevention of colorectal cancer in individuals with advanced adenomas: network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis

Veettil SK, Kew ST, Lim KG, Phisalprapa P, Kumar S, Lee YY, et al.

BMC Gastroenterol, 2021 Mar 20;21(1):130.
PMID: 33743605 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01715-7

BACKGROUND: Individuals with advanced colorectal adenomas (ACAs) are at high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), and it is unclear which chemopreventive agent (CPA) is safe and cost-effective for secondary prevention. We aimed to determine, firstly, the most suitable CPA using network meta-analysis (NMA) and secondly, cost-effectiveness of CPA with or without surveillance colonoscopy (SC).
METHODS: Systematic review and NMA of randomised controlled trials were performed, and the most suitable CPA was chosen based on efficacy and the most favourable risk-benefit profile. The economic benefits of CPA alone, 3 yearly SC alone, and a combination of CPA and SC were determined using the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) in the Malaysian health-care perspective. Outcomes were reported as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in 2018 US Dollars ($) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), and life-years (LYs) gained.
RESULTS: According to NMA, the risk-benefit profile favours the use of aspirin at very-low-dose (ASAVLD, ≤ 100 mg/day) for secondary prevention in individuals with previous ACAs. Celecoxib is the most effective CPA but the cardiovascular adverse events are of concern. According to CEA, the combination strategy (ASAVLD with 3-yearly SC) was cost-saving and dominates its competitors as the best buy option. The probability of being cost-effective for ASAVLD alone, 3-yearly SC alone, and combination strategy were 22%, 26%, and 53%, respectively. Extending the SC interval to five years in combination strategy was more cost-effective when compared to 3-yearly SC alone (ICER of $484/LY gain and $1875/QALY). However, extending to ten years in combination strategy was not cost-effective.
CONCLUSION: ASAVLD combined with 3-yearly SC in individuals with ACAs may be a cost-effective strategy for CRC prevention. An extension of SC intervals to five years can be considered in resource-limited countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Secondary Prevention
Resolution of rare palatal brown tumour after parathyroidectomy

Lim CT, Thevandran TK

Clin Exp Nephrol, 2017 Apr;21(2):352-353.
PMID: 27339441 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-016-1292-6
Matched MeSH terms: Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/diagnosis; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/surgery*
Fulltext Silver Colloid Staining of Sclerotic and Non-sclerotic Dentine

Mohd. Bakri, M., Mohamed, N.H., Whittaker, D.A.

Ann Dent, 2003;10(1):-.
MyJurnal

Phosphophoryn, a higWyphosphorylated protein, is the most abundant protein among the non-collagenous protein of dentine. The staining of phosphophoryn can be done by using the silver colloid staining. In this paper, the staining effect of the silver colloid stain on both non-sclerotic and sclerotic dentine was investigated. Eight teeth from donors aged 14, 17, 22, 34, 55, 57, 60 and 65 were used for this experiment. The younger teeth were used to demonstrate normal root dentine while the older age teeth were used to demonstrate sclerotic root dentine at the apical region of the root. There was no staining of the normal root dentine as compared to sclerotic dentine when the silver colloid staining was used.

Matched MeSH terms: Dentin, Secondary
Fulltext Statin Therapy Prescribing for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Evidence and Challenges

Elnaem MH, Mohamed MHN, Huri HZ, Azarisman SM, Elkalmi RM

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2017 Apr-Jun;9(2):80-87.
PMID: 28717329 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_30_17

Use of statin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recommended by most clinical guidelines. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among T2DM patients. It has been proved that statins are effective for primary or secondary CVD prophylaxis. Reports have highlighted the underutilization of statins in clinical practice and the suboptimal adherence to guideline recommendations. This review article points to summarize the current evidence confirming the role of statins in T2DM patients and to provide an overview of factors that may affect statins' prescribing patterns and compliance in clinical practice. Initiatives to enhance statin therapy prescribing should recognize the comprehensive nature of the prescribing process. Attempts to assure proper statin prescribing and utilization can help in achieving better clinical outcomes of statin therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Secondary Prevention
Fulltext Insights from a Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry in a Tertiary Centre in Sabah

Narwani Hussin, Hafizah Jumat, Mabelle Wong, Liau Siow Yen, Jeremy Robert Jinuin Jimin, Beh Boon Cong, et al.

Int J Public Health Res, 2017;7(1):757-764.
MyJurnal

Rheumatic heart disease is still endemic in developing countries and among the indigenous population in developed countries. However, there is no comprehensive data on rheumatic heart disease patients in Malaysia. The Cardiology Department of Queen Elizabeth ll Hospital (QEH ll), Sabah started this hospital-based registry in 2010. The objective of this analysis was to report the demographic profile, severity of disease, types of valve involvement and the practice of secondary prophylaxis among these patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Secondary Prevention
Fulltext Recurrent bilateral occipital infarct with cortical blindness and anton syndrome

Kwong Yew K, Abdul Halim S, Liza-Sharmini AT, Tharakan J

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2014;2014:795837.
PMID: 24744933 DOI: 10.1155/2014/795837

Bilateral cortical blindness and Anton syndrome, are most commonly caused by ischaemic stroke. In this condition, patients have loss of vision but deny their blindness despite objective evidence of visual loss. We report a case of a patient with multiple cardiovascular risk factors who developed recurrent bilateral occipital lobe infarct with Anton syndrome. A suspicion of this condition should be raised when the patient has denial of blindness in the presence of clinical and radiological evidence of occipital lobe injury. Management of this condition should focus on the underlying cause, in which our patient requires secondary stroke prevention and rehabilitation.

Matched MeSH terms: Secondary Prevention
Fulltext Report: trends in adherence to secondary prevention medications in post-acute coronary syndrome patients

Kassab YW, Hassan Y, Aziz NA, Zulkifly HH, Iqbal MS

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2015 Mar;28(2):641-6.
PMID: 25730796

To evaluate patients' adherence to evidence-based therapies at an average of 2 years after discharge for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and to identify factors associated with non-adherence. This study was conducted at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. A random sample of ACS patients (n=190) who had discharged on a regimen of secondary preventive medications were included and followed up over a three follow-up appointments at 8, 16, and 23 months post discharge. At each appointment, patients were interviewed and given Morisky questioner to complete in order to compare their level of adherence to the prescribed regimens across the three consecutive time periods. Majority of patients reported either medium or low adherence across the three time periods with only small portion reported high adherence. Furthermore, there was a significant downward trend in the level of adherence to cardio protective medications during the study period (p<0.001). This study also identified 6 factors-age, gender, employment status, ACS subtype, number of co morbidities and number of prescription medications per day that may influence Patients' adherence to their medications. Our findings suggest that long-term adherence to secondary prevention therapies among patients with ACS in Malaysia is sub optimal and influenced by many demographic, social as well as clinical factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Secondary Prevention*

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