Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 1514 in total

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  1. Inhumane death?
    Kestel A
    Science, 1999 May 7;284(5416):913.
    PMID: 10357670
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine/virology*; Swine Diseases/virology*
  2. Viral aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in young Malaysian children
    Chan PW, Goh AY, Chua KB, Kharullah NS, Hooi PS
    J Paediatr Child Health, 1999 Jun;35(3):287-90.
    PMID: 10404452
    OBJECTIVE: To study the viral aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in young Malaysian children.

    METHODOLOGY: A retrospective review was performed of LRTI patients aged less than 24 months who were admitted to the University Malaya Medical Centre between 1982 and 1997. Respiratory viruses in their nasopharyngeal secretion were identified by indirect immunofluorescence, viral culture, or both.

    RESULTS: A total of 5691 children were included in the study. The mean age was 8.6 +/- 6.6 months and the M:F ratio was 1.6:1. The most common diagnosis was pneumonia (52%) followed by bronchiolitis (45%) and croup (2%). Positive viral isolation rate was 22.0%. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the commonest virus isolated (84%), followed by parainfluenza virus (8%), influenza virus (6%) and adenovirus (2%). Patients with positive virus isolation were younger (7.8 +/- 6.2 vs 8.7 +/- 6.7 months, P = 0.0001) and were more likely to have bronchiolitis.

    CONCLUSION: Young Malaysian children admitted with LRTI had a 22% viral isolation rate and RSV was the commonest virus isolated.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bronchiolitis/virology*; Croup/virology*
  3. Fulltext Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome secondary to dengue fever: a case report
    Cheo SW, Wong HJ, Ng EK, Low QJ, Chia YK
    Hong Kong Med J, 2021 02;27(1):55-57.
    PMID: 33568560 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208509
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain/virology; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome/virology*
  4. Fulltext The probable destructive mechanisms behind COVID-19 on male reproduction system and fertility
    Moshrefi M, Ghasemi-Esmailabad S, Ali J, Findikli N, Mangoli E, Khalili MA
    J Assist Reprod Genet, 2021 Jul;38(7):1691-1708.
    PMID: 33977466 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02097-1
    PURPOSE: The present study aims to summarize the current understanding of probable mechanisms and claims of adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male fertility potential.

    METHODS: Our search was including original articles, reviews, guidelines, letters to the editor, comments on guidelines, and editorials, regarding the male reproductive system. We used the words SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, "2019 ncov," testis, sperm, male factor infertility, fertility treatment, semen, assisted reproductive technology (ART), sexual transmission, and ACE2.

    RESULTS: Data showed coronavirus affects men more than women because of more expression of 2019 nCoV receptors (ACE2 and TMPRSS2) in testicular cells. Also, "Bioinformatics Analysis" suggests that sperm production may be damaged, since "Pseudo Time Analysis" has shown disruption in spermatogenesis. "Gene Ontology" (GO) showed an increase in viral reproduction and a decrease in sperm production-related terms. Recently, SARS-COV-2 mRNA and protein were detected in the semen of patients that had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the probable disruption of blood-testis barrier (BTB) in febrile diseases is suspected in the acute phase of the disease enabling viral entry into the testes. Not only is spermatogenesis disturbed, but also disturbs gonadotropin, androgens, and testosterone secretion during SARS-CoV-2 infection. No sexual transmission has been reported yet; however, detection of the virus in semen still makes the sexual transmission an open question.

    CONCLUSION: There is a concern that male fertility may be disturbed after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, follow-up of the reproductive functions and male fertility may be necessary in recovered cases, especially in aged men.

    Matched MeSH terms: Genitalia, Male/virology; Infertility, Male/virology
  5. Diverse human rhinoviruses A and C from children with respiratory infections in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Chan YF, Jafar FL, Nathan AM, de Bruyne JA, Hassan A, Nor'e SS, et al.
    J Infect, 2012 Jun;64(6):633-6.
    PMID: 22425558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.03.011
    Matched MeSH terms: Picornaviridae Infections/virology*; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology*
  6. Fulltext Imported case of acute respiratory tract infection associated with a member of species nelson bay orthoreovirus
    Yamanaka A, Iwakiri A, Yoshikawa T, Sakai K, Singh H, Himeji D, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(3):e92777.
    PMID: 24667794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092777
    A Japanese man suffered from acute respiratory tract infection after returning to Japan from Bali, Indonesia in 2007. Miyazaki-Bali/2007, a strain of the species of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus, was isolated from the patient's throat swab using Vero cells, in which syncytium formation was observed. This is the sixth report describing a patient with respiratory tract infection caused by an orthoreovirus classified to the species of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus. Given the possibility that all of the patients were infected in Malaysia and Indonesia, prospective surveillance on orthoreovirus infections should be carried out in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, contact surveillance study suggests that the risk of human-to-human infection of the species of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus would seem to be low.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reoviridae Infections/virology*; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology*
  7. Characterization of Coconut cadang-cadang viroid variants from oil palm affected by orange spotting disease in Malaysia
    Wu YH, Cheong LC, Meon S, Lau WH, Kong LL, Joseph H, et al.
    Arch Virol, 2013 Jun;158(6):1407-10.
    PMID: 23397332 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1624-8
    A 246-nt variant of Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) has been identified and described from oil palms with orange spotting symptoms in Malaysia. Compared with the 246-nt form of CCCVd from coconut, the oil palm variant substituted C(31)→U in the pathogenicity domain and G(70)→C in the central conserved domain. This is the first sequence reported for a 246-nt variant of CCCVd in oil palms expressing orange spotting symptoms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cocos/virology*; Plant Diseases/virology*
  8. Fulltext First detected human bocavirus in a Malaysian child with pneumonia and pre-existing asthma: a case report
    Etemadi MR, Jalilian FA, Abd Wahab N, Jahanshiri F, Amini R, Othman N, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):433-4.
    PMID: 23082460 MyJurnal
    Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly discovered parvovirus associated with respiratory disease in children. There are many reports worldwide on the endemicity of this virus. Since it is relatively new, detection in clinical laboratories is not routinely performed. We describe the first detection of HBoV in Malaysia in a 13-month-old boy with pneumonia and underlying asthma. The infective agent was confirmed by molecular methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parvoviridae Infections/virology*; Pneumonia, Viral/virology*
  9. The effect of extrinsic incubation temperature on development of dengue serotype 2 and 4 viruses in Aedes aegypti (L.)
    Rohani A, Wong YC, Zamre I, Lee HL, Zurainee MN
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2009 Sep;40(5):942-50.
    PMID: 19842378
    Dengue 2 and 4 viruses obtained from dengue-infected patients were maintained in a C6/36 Aedes albopictus Skuse cell line and used to infect adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Each serotype was mixed separately with fresh human erythrocytes and fed to adult female mosquitoes using an artificial membrane feeding technique. Fully engorged mosquitoes were selected and retained at 26 degrees C, 28 degrees C and 30 degrees C to observe dengue virus development in Aedes vectors. Virus detection was carried out by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The virus was first detected on Day 9 at 26 degrees C and 28 degrees C and on Day 5 at 30 degrees C for both dengue 2 and 4. The study shows the incubation period of the viruses decreased when the extrinsic incubation temperature increases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/virology*; Insect Vectors/virology
  10. Fulltext Isolation of measles virus from clinical specimens using B95a and Vero/hSLAM cell-lines
    Keniscope C, Juliana R, Subri H, Shangari SR, Wan Nor Azlina WA, Hamizah A, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Mar;64(1):37-40.
    PMID: 19852319 MyJurnal
    The clinical presentation of acute measles is normally quite typical, especially in the presence of Koplik's spots, that laboratory test is seldom required to confirm the diagnosis. However, with wide measles vaccination coverage and the extensive use of immunosuppressive chemotherapy, the diagnosis of atypical manifestations of acute measles may require laboratory confirmation. When compared with B95a cell-line, this study shows that the Vero/hSLAM cell-line is sensitive and is recommended for use in the primary isolation of wild-type measles virus from clinical specimens. Throat swab and urine specimens are the clinical specimens of choice and both are recommended for optimal isolation of measles virus from patients suspected of acute measles virus infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharynx/virology; Urine/virology
  11. Fulltext Dengue vector surveillance in insular settlements of Pulau Ketam, Selangor, Malaysia
    Lim KW, Sit NW, Norzahira R, Sing KW, Wong HM, Chew HS, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2010 Aug;27(2):185-92.
    PMID: 20962714 MyJurnal
    A year-long ovitrap surveillance was conducted between November 2007 and October 2008 in two insular settlements (Kampung Pulau Ketam and Kampung Sungai Lima) within the Malaysian island of Pulau Ketam. Eighty standard ovitraps were placed indoors and outdoors of randomly selected houses/locations. Results demonstrated an endemic baseline Aedes population throughout the year without weekly large fluctuations. Kampung Pulau Ketam has high Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus population, but only Ae. aegypti was found in Kampung Sungai Lima. Aedes aegypti showed no preference for ovitraps placed indoor versus outdoor. However, as expected, significantly more outdoor ovitraps were positive for Ae. albopictus (p<0.05). Trends in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti populations mirrored each other suggesting that common factors influenced these two populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/virology*; Insect Vectors/virology*
  12. Fulltext Characterizing the temporal dynamics of human papillomavirus DNA detectability using short-interval sampling
    Liu SH, Cummings DA, Zenilman JM, Gravitt PE, Brotman RM
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2014 Jan;23(1):200-8.
    PMID: 24130223 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0666
    Variable detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA can result in misclassification of infection status, but the extent of misclassification has not been quantitatively evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cervix Uteri/virology*; Papillomavirus Infections/virology*
  13. Fulltext A practical approach to multifaceted perspectives for sustainable international collaboration on mosquito-borne diseases in Southeast Asia
    Lee D, Kim K
    Acta Trop, 2024 Dec;260:107481.
    PMID: 39608662 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107481
    The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic highlighted the necessity and limitations of scientific collaboration and equitable and effective international research partnerships. The spread of mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) presents severe public health challenges, particularly in Southeast Asia. Addressing these threats requires establishing regional priorities, bridging research gaps, and strengthening long-term international collaboration. We propose a practical approach to multifaceted perspectives to enhance collaboration across Asia. This study examines MBD-related scientific publications from nine Southeast Asian countries between January 2017 and June 2024, utilizing bibliometric analysis and data visualization to identify research trends, research capacities, key institutions, and international collaborative partners. Thailand and Singapore led the dengue research, followed by Malaysia and Indonesia. Vietnam and the Philippines demonstrated moderate research capabilities, whereas Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar had lower capacities. Relationships with high-income countries drove international collaboration, whereas intra-regional collaboration in Southeast Asia increased. Furthermore, we identified directions for cooperative opportunities between South Korea and other Southeast Asian countries by analyzing their relative research capacities for infectious MBDs. We propose a practical approach to bridge research-capacity gaps and strengthen collaboration between low- and middle-income countries. These findings provide fundamental information for developing future infectious-disease-response strategies and international-collaboration research partnerships and facilitate the implementation of effective global public health preparedness policies and evidence-based decision-making, such as knowledge-transfer and resource-sharing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culicidae/virology; Mosquito Vectors/virology
  14. Neuroinvasion via Peripheral Nerves in Epidemic Viral Encephalitis Caused by Enterovirus, Orthoflavivirus and SARS-Coronavirus
    Hooi YT, Fu TL, Tan SH, Ong KC, Tan CY, Wong KT
    Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol, 2025 Feb;51(1):e70005.
    PMID: 39989030 DOI: 10.1111/nan.70005
    Pathogens invade the central nervous system (CNS) and cause infections either through the haematogenous route or via peripheral nerves. Neuroinvasion via peripheral nerves, involving spinal or cranial somatic nerves, is well-established for certain viral encephalitides such as rabies, herpes simplex encephalitis, and poliomyelitis. Advances in understanding emerging and re-emerging viruses that cause epidemic CNS infections have highlighted the growing importance of peripheral nerve pathways in viral neuroinvasion. This review focuses on epidemic viral encephalitides caused by three groups of RNA viruses, viz., enteroviruses (enterovirus A71 and enterovirus D68), orthoflaviviruses (West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (mainly severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2). We examine evidence supporting the hypothesis that peripheral nerve viral transmission may play an increasingly significant if not more critical role than the haematogenous route in neuroinvasion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nerves/virology; Coronavirus Infections/virology
  15. Nipah Virus (NiV) in Focus: Molecular Insights Into Pathogenesis, Transmission Dynamics, and Evolving Epidemiology From Malaysia to Recent Indian Outbreaks
    Joon N, Rawat HK, Kaushik V, Lohan K, Mohan H
    Rev Med Virol, 2026 Nov;36(6).
    PMID: 42947410 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.70221
    Since the emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) in Malaysia in 1998, it has returned multiple times and continues to pose a significant threat to global public health. It is characterised by high mortality and fatality rates and increasing evidence of human-to-human transmission. The epidemiological pattern of NiV has shifted considerably over the past 2 decades, from transmission primarily associated with infected pigs to repeated spillover events linked to Pteropus fruit bats, contaminated food sources, and close human contact. NiV infection is marked by severe respiratory involvement, immune dysregulation, acute encephalitis and widespread endothelial damage contributing to rapid clinical deterioration and poor outcomes. The World Health Organisation classified the Nipah virus as a priority pathogen with high mortality and pandemic potential, with recognised outbreaks showing case fatalities ranging from 40% to 100%. The virus has been detected in the Indian subcontinent and is carried by fruit bats. Recent outbreaks reported in India through 2026 have further highlighted the ongoing threat posed by the virus and the challenges of outbreak containment in densely populated regions. Current advances in serological and Molecular diagnostics have improved early detection; however, therapeutic options remain limited, and no licenced vaccine is currently available for human use. Ongoing therapeutics research involving monoclonal antibodies, recombinant vaccines, and antiviral agent platforms continues to expand the prospects for future prevention and disease control. Outbreaks must be prevented by prompt diagnosis and the application of infection control measures. However, the lack of knowledge regarding the pathophysiology, clinical features, and current treatment of Nipah virus disease makes it difficult to design such trials. The current advances summarised herein strengthen the scientific foundation for improved diagnostic platforms, antiviral interventions, vaccine development, and integrated One Health surveillance approaches targeting Nipah Virus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chiroptera/virology; Zoonoses/virology
  16. An updated review of avian-origin Tembusu virus: a newly emerging avian Flavivirus
    Zhang W, Chen S, Mahalingam S, Wang M, Cheng A
    J Gen Virol, 2017 Oct;98(10):2413-2420.
    PMID: 28874226 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000908
    Tembusu virus (TMUV, genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae) was first isolated in 1955 from Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In April 2010, duck TMUV was first identified as the causative agent of egg-drop syndrome, characterized by a substantial decrease in egg laying and depression, growth retardation and neurological signs or death in infected egg-laying and breeder ducks, in the People's Republic of China. Since 2010, duck TMUV has spread to most of the duck-producing regions in China, including many of the coastal provinces, neighbouring regions and certain Southeast Asia areas (i.e. Thailand and Malaysia). This review describes the current understanding of the genome characteristics, host range, transmission, epidemiology, phylogenetic and immune evasion of avian-origin TMUV and the innate immune response of the host.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culex/virology; Ducks/virology*; Insect Vectors/virology; Poultry Diseases/virology; Flavivirus Infections/virology
  17. Fulltext First molecular detection and complete sequence analysis of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in Peninsular Malaysia
    Tan CY, Opaskornkul K, Thanawongnuwech R, Arshad SS, Hassan L, Ooi PT
    PLoS One, 2020;15(7):e0235832.
    PMID: 32706778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235832
    Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly emerging virus in the swine industry, first reported recently in 2016. PCV3 assembles into a 2000 bp circular genome; slightly larger than PCV1 (1758-1760 bp), PCV2 (1766-1769 bp) and PCV4 (1770 bp). Apart from being associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), PCV3 has been isolated from pigs with clinical signs of reproductive failures, myocarditis, porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and neurologic disease. Given that PCV3 is increasingly reported in countries including Thailand and U.S. with whom Malaysia shares trade and geographical relationship; and that PCV3 is associated with several clinical presentations that affect productivity, there is a need to study the presence and molecular characteristics of PCV3 in Malaysian swine farms. Twenty-four commercial swine farms, three abattoirs and retail shops in Peninsular Malaysia were sampled using convenience sampling method. A total of 281 samples from 141 pigs, including 49 lung archive samples were tested for PCV3 by conventional PCR. Twenty-eight lung samples from wild boar population in Peninsular Malaysia were also included. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed for maximum likelihood phylogeny relationship and pairwise distances. Results revealed that PCV3 is present in Peninsular Malaysia at a molecular prevalence of 17.02%, with inguinal lymph nodes and lungs showing the highest molecular detection rates of 81.82% and 71.43% respectively. Despite wide reports of PCV3 in healthy animals and wild boars, no positive samples were detected in clinically healthy finishers and wild boar population of this study. PCV3 strain A1 and A2 were present in Malaysia, and Malaysian PCV3 strains were found to be phylogenetically related to Spanish, U.S. and Mexico strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dermatitis/virology; Kidney Diseases/virology; Swine/virology*; Swine Diseases/virology*; Circoviridae Infections/virology
  18. Isolation of cytopathic small round virus (Aichi virus) from Pakistani children and Japanese travelers from Southeast Asia
    Yamashita T, Sakae K, Kobayashi S, Ishihara Y, Miyake T, Mubina A, et al.
    Microbiol. Immunol., 1995;39(6):433-5.
    PMID: 8551977
    Aichi virus was isolated in Vero cells from 5 (2.3%) of 222 Pakistani children with gastroenteritis but none was found in 91 healthy children. Aichi virus was also isolated from 5 (0.7%) of 722 Japanese travelers returned from tours to Southeast Asian countries and complained of gastrointestinal symptoms at the quarantine station of Nagoya International Airport in Japan. Of 5 Japanese travelers, 3 were returning from Indonesia, and 2 from Thailand or Malaysia. These results indicate that Aichi virus or a similar agent is endemic in Southeast Asian countries and is a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in children in these areas or in Japanese travelers who visit there.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/virology*; Feces/virology; Gastroenteritis/virology*; Vero Cells/virology; Caliciviridae Infections/virology*
  19. Nipah virus--a potential agent of bioterrorism?
    Lam SK
    Antiviral Res, 2003 Jan;57(1-2):113-9.
    PMID: 12615307
    Nipah virus, a newly emerging deadly paramyxovirus isolated during a large outbreak of viral encephalitis in Malaysia, has many of the physical attributes to serve as a potential agent of bioterrorism. The outbreak caused widespread panic and fear because of its high mortality and the inability to control the disease initially. There were considerable social disruptions and tremendous economic loss to an important pig-rearing industry. This highly virulent virus, believed to be introduced into pig farms by fruit bats, spread easily among pigs and was transmitted to humans who came into close contact with infected animals. From pigs, the virus was also transmitted to other animals such as dogs, cats, and horses. The Nipah virus has the potential to be considered an agent of bioterrorism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agricultural Workers' Diseases/virology; Swine/virology; Swine Diseases/virology; Zoonoses/virology; Paramyxoviridae Infections/virology
  20. Risk mapping of dengue in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Hassan H, Shohaimi S, Hashim NR
    Geospat Health, 2012 Nov;7(1):21-5.
    PMID: 23242677
    Dengue fever is a recurring public health problem afflicting thousands of Malaysians annually. In this paper, the risk map for dengue fever in the peninsular Malaysian states of Selangor and Kuala Lumpur was modelled based on co-kriging and geographical information systems. Using population density and rainfall as the model's only input factors, the area with the highest risk for dengue infection was given as Gombak and Petaling, two districts located on opposite sides of Kuala Lumpur city that was also included in the risk assessment. Comparison of the modelled risk map with the dengue case dataset of 2010, obtained from the Ministry of Health of Malaysia, confirmed that the highest number of cases had been found in an area centred on Kuala Lumpur as predicted our risk profiling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/virology*; Dengue/virology; Disease Reservoirs/virology*; Insect Vectors/virology*; Rain/virology
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