OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to thoroughly assess the ADRs associated with these drugs by utilizing the Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
METHODS: ADR reports for Paxlovid, Molnupiravir, and Remdesivir throughout the period of January 2022 to May 2023 were extracted and classified according to the severity, type of reaction, and demographic variables. Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the relationship between antiviral medications and various ADRs.
RESULTS: The study established notable correlations between Paxlovid and the recurrence of the disease (40.08%) and dysgeusia (16.29%). Molnupiravir was linked to gastrointestinal (16.73%) and skin reactions (9.47%), while Remdesivir had impairments in the liver (25.21%) and kidneys (13.34%). ADRs were more commonly observed in female patients treated with Paxlovid (57.95%) and Molnupiravir (49.40%), whereas Remdesivir ADRs were mostly reported in males (58.56%). Paxlovid and Remdesivir ADRs were frequently reported in adults between the ages of 18 and 64 (46.01% and 45.01%), while Molnupiravir ADRs were more common in older individuals aged 65 to 85 (40.38%).
CONCLUSION: This thorough assessment emphasizes the importance of careful surveillance and control of ADRs linked to COVID-19 antiviral therapies. It is essential to customize treatments by considering specific patient histories, particularly for pre-existing diseases.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study performed at 28 hospitals under the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, involved in the National Surveillance of Multidrug-Resistant Organism, which surveys 6 MDROs (Acinetobacter baumanii, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Entrobacterales (CRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)).
RESULTS: In terms of mortality, 9.6% (n = 951) of the patients died overall, whereas 90.4% (n = 8931) of the patients survived. Healthcare-acquired infection (HCAI) poses a high risk of mortality, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.91 (95% CI: 2.15-3.94). The presence of sterile specimens was significantly associated with increased mortality risk (aOR: 2.33, 95% CI: 2.02-2.68). Gram-negative bacteria had a greater mortality risk (aOR 1.63 95% CI: 1.37-1.93), whereas Acinetobacter baumanii had the highest prevalence of 30.7% (3033) among the 6 MDRO organisms isolated. Patients in medical-based departments had a greater mortality risk (aOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.22-1.75).
CONCLUSION: HCAIs, Gram-negative bacteria, sterile specimens, medical-based departments and state hospitals have been shown to be associated with increased mortality risk in patients with MDRO infections. Improved surveillance and reporting mechanisms are necessary to better understand the burden of MDRO infections and guide research funding allocation.
METHODS: The research compared outcomes between RLRL treatment with Single Vision Spectacles (SVS) for childhood myopia management. We performed a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases using "Myopia" and " Repeated Low-Level Red Light ". Mean differences (MD) were estimated and the effects of therapies measured. Publication bias and heterogeneity analysis were carried out by Inverted Precision Effect Test-Precision Effect Estimate Standard Error (PET-PEESE) (and subsequent Search Sequential Analysis) and Tau test. Bayesian meta-analysis was performed using Jaffrey Amazing Statistical Package (JASP).
RESULTS: This meta-analysis comprised 1,714 participants: 824 in RLRL and 890 in SVS group. Pooled effect size for AL reduction was 0.953 ± 0.294, (95% credible interval (CI) 0.775 to 0.980). Pooled effect size for SER reduction was 1.521 ± 0.662 (95% CI 0.102 to 2.736). PET-PEESE analysis revealed no significant publication bias (p-value 0.407). Random effects models were employed for presence of significant heterogeneity (3.9 and 5.7 for AL; 5.7 for SER), alongside degree of variation (0.828 & 1.665) for Tau (τ), which estimates the between-study variance.
CONCLUSION: Long-term observations indicate that RLRL treatment significantly influences myopia management, leading to considerable reductions in both AL and SER. Additional research is essential to investigate potential long-term rebound effects.