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Fulltext Optimum Plant Design for Relief Safety System

Aini Aliah Yusoff, Zulfan Adi Putra, Risza Rusli, M Roil Bilad, Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin, M Dzul Hakim Wirzal

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(101):0-0.
MyJurnal

Pressure relief system is a system to prevent overpressure inside protected equipment that exceeds its maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) to disposal treatment. Relief system is designed on two different plant case studies, which are dimethyl-ether and ethylbenzene plants by using conventional design procedure. Nevertheless, the conventional design steps are not considering cost optimization of plant installed with relief system. Thus, the design pressure of protected equipment, piping diameter, and disposal treatment is set to be manipulated variables to determine the cost minimization. Pressure drops of inlet piping and backpressure are as constraint variables due to standard requirements. The standards state that inlet piping pressure drops should be below 3% of set pressure and outlet piping pressure drop to set pressure percentage based on range to determined types of the relief valve to be used. From that, optimum plant design with consideration of pressure relief system’s installation can be achieved by calculating the total cost of plant designed with relief system when set pressures are changed. As a result, dimethyl-ether plant shows a minimum point of the total cost at 170% of set pressure increment, which is lower than its original design. On the other hand, ethylbenzene plant gives optimum point at original design as the total cost is higher at set pressure increment.
Fulltext Prevalence and risk factors of stress, anxiety and depression among medical students of a private medical university in Malaysia

Maher D Fuad, Balsam Mahdi Nasir Al-Zurfi, Mohammed Abdul Qader, Mohammed Faez Abu Bakar, Elnajeh, Maged, Mohd Rusli Abdullah

Education in Medicine Journal, 2015;7(2):52-59.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Medical school expected to be a time of personal development, achievement, and well-being. However, research shows that there are many negative effects on students’ mental health due to the current educational process. Objective: This research aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students of a private medical university in Malaysia. Method: Cross sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires including socio-demographic factors, DASS-21 and MSSQ-40 questionnaires. Result: Prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression were 46.9%, 76.2% and 60.2% respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that academic related stressors were only associated with stress [adjusted OR 1.78, 95% CI (1.23, 2.58), p=0.002]. Group activities related stressors were significantly associated with stress [adjusted OR=1.45, 95%CI (1.20, 1.75), p
Heat stress monitoring in the paintshop and bodyshop at an automotive assembly plant

Azwan A., Rusli N., Nik Khairol Reza M.Y., Ahmad Syaarani Y., Edimansyah A., Mazalisah M., et al.

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2007;4(1):11-17.
MyJurnal

Heat stress is considered to be the sum of heat generated in the body (metabolic heat) plus the heat gained from the environment (environmental heat) minus the heat lost from the body to the environment. The consequences of heat stress can caused heat disorder such as heat stroke, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, heat cramps and other heat related diseases. The objective of this study was to compare the pattern of heat stress in each section. A crosssectional study was carried out in two sections (Paintshop A and Bodyshop B) in a selected automotive assembly plant in Selangor to monitor the environmental heat stress. The environmental heat monitoring was done on 89 March 2005. Heat stress monitor (Model: QUESTemp o 34 Thermal Environment Monitor, Quest Technologies, USA) was used to record the pattern of heat exposure in the workplace over a period of eight hours. Heat parameters such as dry temperature, wet temperature, globe temperature and relative humidity were measured. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature index (WBGT) and workload evaluation were used to compare both sections. Heat parameters such as timeweighted average wet bulb globe temperature for indoor setting (TWAWBGT indoor ), dry temperature (DB), natural wet bulb temperature (WB), globe temperature (GB) in Paintshop A were higher than those in Bodyshop B. The relative humidity in Paintshop A was hotdry compared to Bodyshop B which is hotwarm. Paintshop A was considered a hot area compared to Bodyshop B which is normal. Workers in both sections were not faced with heat stress problems because they were worked under acceptable condition according to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists standard. Both sections in the automotive assembly plant exhibited acceptable working condition for workers in a tropical environment.
Fulltext The relationship between non-financial compensation factors with employees retention in a selected hotel industry

Nur Fadzillah Haimi, Rusli Ahmad, Nur Fatihah Abdullah Bandar, Siti Mariam Abdullah, Helmi Sumilan, Ahmad Sofian Shminan

Journal of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, 2016;2(1):49-60.
MyJurnal

This study aims to determine the relationship between non-financial compensation factors and employees retention in a selected hotel industry. A survey methodology was used in this study. A total of 120 questionnaires were administered to employees who are currently working in the hotel industry. Using the Pearson’s Correlation analysis test, this study analysed the relationship between employees retention and financial compensation factors which include opportunities for training and promotion, job challenges, recognition and the working environment. Multiple Linear Regression was used to determine the dominant factor that contributes to retention of employees. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between the factors and employees retention. The results indicated that the working environment is the most dominant factor that contributes to employees retention.
Peak friction angle estimation from joint roughness coefficient of discontinuities of limestone in Peninsular Malaysia

Ailie Sofyiana Serasa, Goh TL, Azimah Hussin, Abdul Ghani Rafek, Lee KE, Tuan Rusli Mohamed

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:181-188.

The peak friction angle (φpeak) roughness of discontinuity surfaces is a value that is fundamental to the understanding of shear strength of geological discontinuities, considering its importance in determining the mechanical properties of the discontinuity surface. It is however, both time and cost demanding to determine the peak friction angle as it requires an extensive series of laboratory tests. This paper presents an approach in the form of an experimentally determined polynomial equation to estimate peak friction angle of limestone discontinuity surfaces by measuring the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) values in a field survey study, and applying the fore mentioned empirical correlation. A total of 1967 tilt tests and JRC measurements were conducted in the laboratory to determine the peak friction angles of rough limestone discontinuity surfaces. The experimental results were analyzed and correlated to establish a polynomial equation of φpeak = -0.0635JRC2 + 3.95JRC + 25.2 with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99. The laboratory results were also compared with theoretical results calculated from Barton's linear equation. The results shown that estimation of peak friction angles were more accurate using the newly proposed polynomial equation since the percentage differences between measured and calculated peak friction angles is less than 6% compared to estimation from Barton's linear equation where the percentage of differences is less than 11%. The proposed correlation offers a practical method for estimation of peak friction angles of discontinuity surfaces of limestone from measurement of JRC in the field.
Aryl diazonium modification for improved graphite fiber brush in microbial fuel cell

Siti Farah Nadiah Rusli, Mimi Hani Abu Bakar, Loh Kee Shyuan, Mohd Shahbudin Mastar, Seratul Jemiah Abdul Rani, Mohd Shahbudin Mastar

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:3017-3023.

Aryl diazonium salts are coupling agents that assist in molecules attachment to interfaces for sensing purposes. Despite
not being fully explored and not yet widely applicable for cell-based sensors, the high stability of aryl diazonium salt
formed sensing system is highly favorable in biological applications. Carbon-based electrodes are the most commonly
used in aryl diazonium modification due to its post grafting stable C-C bond formation. Here, salt bridge based microbial
fuel cells (MFCs) were used to study on the effect of aryl diazonium modification on the anode graphite fibre brush. Aryl
diazonium salts were in situ generated by the diazonation of p-phenylenediamine with NaNO2 in HCl solution. The
electrochemical performance of the aryl diazonium modified graphite brush MFC was measured and compared with the
unmodified graphite brush MFC. The power output of the modified graphite brush bioanode was higher (8.33 W/m3
)
than the unmodified graphite brush (7.60 W/m3
) after 20 days of operation with ferricyanide as the catholyte. After 70
days of operation using phosphate buffer solution as the catholyte, the Pmax of modified brush was three times higher
(0.06 W/m3
) than of the unmodified brush (0.02 W/m3
), which indicates an enhanced binding towards the substrate that
facilitates a better electron transfer between the microbial and electrode surface.
Fulltext Seedless growth of zinc oxide flower-shaped structures on multilayer graphene by electrochemical deposition

Aziz NS, Nishiyama T, Rusli NI, Mahmood MR, Yasui K, Hashim AM

Nanoscale Res Lett, 2014;9(1):337.
PMID: 25024694 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-337

A seedless growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) structures on multilayer (ML) graphene by electrochemical deposition without any pre-deposited ZnO seed layer or metal catalyst was studied. A high density of a mixture of vertically aligned/non-aligned ZnO rods and flower-shaped structures was obtained. ML graphene seems to generate the formation of flower-shaped structures due to the stacking boundaries. The nucleation of ZnO seems to be promoted at the stacking edges of ML graphene with the increase of applied current density, resulting in the formation of flower-shaped structures. The diameters of the rods/flower-shaped structures also increase with the applied current density. ZnO rods/flower-shaped structures with high aspect ratio over 5.0 and good crystallinity were obtained at the applied current densities of -0.5 and -1.0 mA/cm(2). The growth mechanism was proposed. The growth involves the formation of ZnO nucleation below 80°C and the enhancement of the growth of vertically non-aligned rods and flower-shaped structures at 80°C. Such ZnO/graphene hybrid structure provides several potential applications in sensing devices.
Fulltext Seed/catalyst-free growth of zinc oxide nanostructures on multilayer graphene by thermal evaporation

Ahmad NF, Rusli NI, Mahmood MR, Yasui K, Hashim AM

Nanoscale Res Lett, 2014;9(1):83.
PMID: 24533793 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-83

We report the seed/catalyst-free growth of ZnO on multilayer graphene by thermal evaporation of Zn in the presence of O2 gas. The effects of substrate temperatures were studied. The changes of morphologies were very significant where the grown ZnO structures show three different structures, i.e., nanoclusters, nanorods, and thin films at 600°C, 800°C, and 1,000°C, respectively. High-density vertically aligned ZnO nanorods comparable to other methods were obtained. A growth mechanism was proposed based on the obtained results. The ZnO/graphene hybrid structure provides several potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics.
The coexistence of dual form of malnutrition in a sample of rural malaysia

Ihab AN, Rohana AJ, Manan WM, Suriati WN, Zalilah MS, Rusli AM

Int J Prev Med, 2013 Jun;4(6):690-9.
PMID: 23930187

The coexistence of under and over nutrition might be influenced by a marked shift in dietary and lifestyle practices of people in developing countries. This study aims to identify factors associated with the occurrence of dual form of malnutrition in the same households in a rural district in Peninsular Malaysia.
Fulltext Job dissatisfaction in lecturers in School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia and Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Huda BZ, Rusli BN, Naing L, Tengku MA, Winn T, Rampal KG

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Jun;59(2):242-51.
PMID: 15559176 MyJurnal

Job dissatisfaction in doctors and teachers is known to have direct consequences on the quality of service and teaching for patients and students respectively. A cross-sectional study to assess dissatisfaction in lecturers of School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) was undertaken between August 2001 and May 2002. The original English version of the Job Content Questionnaire (CQ) version 1.7 (revised 1997) by Robert Karasek was self-administered to 73 (response rate 58.4%) and 80 (response rate 41.7%) lecturers in the medical faculties of USM and UKM, respectively. The prevalence of job dissatisfaction in USM and UKM lecturers were 42.6% and 42.9%, respectively; the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Risk factors of job dissatisfaction in USM lecturers were decision authority (p<0.001) and psychological job demand (p<0.001). Significant risk factors of job dissatisfaction in UKM lecturers were skill discretion (p<0.01) and psychological job demand (p<0.001). We conclude that psychological job demand was a risk factor of job dissatisfaction in both USM and UKM lecturers; in USM, decision authority was protective, while in UKM, skill discretion was protective against job dissatisfaction.
An application of the theory of planned behaviour to study the influencing factors of participation in source separation of food waste

Karim Ghani WA, Rusli IF, Biak DR, Idris A

Waste Manag, 2013 May;33(5):1276-81.
PMID: 23415709 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.09.019

Tremendous increases in biodegradable (food waste) generation significantly impact the local authorities, who are responsible to manage, treat and dispose of this waste. The process of separation of food waste at its generation source is identified as effective means in reducing the amount food waste sent to landfill and can be reused as feedstock to downstream treatment processes namely composting or anaerobic digestion. However, these efforts will only succeed with positive attitudes and highly participations rate by the public towards the scheme. Thus, the social survey (using questionnaires) to analyse public's view and influencing factors towards participation in source separation of food waste in households based on the theory of planned behaviour technique (TPB) was performed in June and July 2011 among selected staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor. The survey demonstrates that the public has positive intention in participating provided the opportunities, facilities and knowledge on waste separation at source are adequately prepared by the respective local authorities. Furthermore, good moral values and situational factors such as storage convenience and collection times are also encouraged public's involvement and consequently, the participations rate. The findings from this study may provide useful indicator to the waste management authorities in Malaysia in identifying mechanisms for future development and implementation of food waste source separation activities in household programmes and communication campaign which advocate the use of these programmes.
The inhibitory effects of mitragynine on P-glycoprotein in vitro

Rusli N, Amanah A, Kaur G, Adenan MI, Sulaiman SF, Wahab HA, et al.

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2019 04;392(4):481-496.
PMID: 30604191 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-01605-y

Mitragynine is a major component isolated from Mitragyna speciosa Korth or kratom, a medicinal plant known for its opiate-like and euphoric properties. Multiple toxicity and fatal cases involving mitragynine or kratom have been reported but the underlying causes remain unclear. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a multidrug transporter which modulates the pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics and plays a key role in mediating drug-drug interactions. This study investigated the effects of mitragynine on P-gp transport activity, mRNA, and protein expression in Caco-2 cells using molecular docking, bidirectional assay, RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry techniques, respectively. Molecular docking simulation revealed that mitragynine interacts with important residues at the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) site of the P-gp structure but not with the residues from the substrate binding site. This was consistent with subsequent experimental work as mitragynine exhibited low permeability across the cell monolayer but inhibited digoxin transport at 10 μM, similar to quinidine. The reduction of P-gp activity in vitro was further contributed by the downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of P-gp. In summary, mitragynine is likely a P-gp inhibitor in vitro but not a substrate. Hence, concurrent administration of mitragynine-containing kratom products with psychoactive drugs which are P-gp substrates may lead to clinically significant toxicity. Further clinical study to prove this point is needed.
Robotic-assisted mesh pelvic closure for prevention of small bowel descent after surgery for recurrent rectal cancer

Rusli SM, Kim JS, Choo JM, Cheong JY, Piozzi GN, Kim SH

Tech Coloproctol, 2021 Sep 18.
PMID: 34536172 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-021-02529-1
Fulltext How deep is deep enough? Analysis of sea turtle eggs nest relocation procedure at Chagar Hutang Turtle Sanctuary

Najwa-Sawawi S, Azman NM, Rusli MU, Ahmad A, Fahmi-Ahmad M, Fadzly N

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021 Sep;28(9):5053-5060.
PMID: 34466082 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.021

Sea turtle eggs incubation involves natural and artificial incubation of eggs, and indeed the depth will be varied and presumably affect the development of hatchlings. For nest relocation, the researcher needs to decide on the depth to incubate the eggs. Sea turtle eggs clutches may vary between 40 and 120 eggs for the green turtle, thus using a single value as the standard procedure might affect the quality of hatchlings. Here we quantify the dimension of the natural (in-situ) nest constructed by the nester and the artificial (ex-situ) built by our ranger during nest relocation. We suggest a linear regression calculation of Y = 0.2366X + 59.3267, better predict a more accurate nest depth based on the number of eggs to imitate the natural nest.
Nutrient intake, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pre- and post-weaning Dorper lambs fed varying crude protein level

Panadi M, Mat K, Rahman MM, Khan MAKG, Balakrishnan M, Rusli ND

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2021 Oct 13;53(5):515.
PMID: 34647184 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02953-3

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of varying crude protein (CP) levels on intake, growth performances and nutrient digestibility of Dorper lambs at pre- and post-weaning period. Twenty lambs at 7 days old with an initial body weight of 2.91 kg were individually penned and randomly assigned into four (4) dietary groups using a randomised complete block design. In Trial I, pre-weaning lambs were fed with creep feeding (CF) diet containing 14% crude protein (CP) as a control diet (CON14), 16% (CF16), 18% (CF18) and 20% (CF20) of CP for 84 days. Following Trial 1, the animals were fed with a growing ration (GR) diet for 96-day feeding trial. The diets consisted of 11% CP as a control diet (CON11), 14% (GR14), 16% (GR16) and 18% (GR18) of CP. The water was available ad libitum and the feed intake was measured daily by the difference of feed offered and refused. The increase of CP level resulted in a linear increase of dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient intake and average daily gain (ADG) in pre- and post-weaning lambs. The DMI (g/day) of lambs fed with CF20 (1059.92) was significantly higher (p 0.05) compared to those fed with CF16 (217.95). For post-weaning lambs, GR16 had significantly higher ADG than CON11 (43.14), but it was no difference with GR14 (72.94) and GR18 (69.41). However, increased CP level resulted in linear increase of DM, ash, organic matter (OM) and CP digestibility. The present finding suggested that the optimum CP level for pre- and post-weaning Dorper lambs in Malaysia was 16% and 14%, respectively.
Fulltext Biotic Cathode of Graphite Fibre Brush for Improved Application in Microbial Fuel Cells

Rusli SFN, Daud SM, Abu Bakar MH, Loh KS, Masdar MS

Molecules, 2022 Feb 03;27(3).
PMID: 35164309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031045

The biocathode in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) system is a promising and a cheap alternative method to improve cathode reaction performance. This study aims to identify the effect of the electrode combination between non-chemical modified stainless steel (SS) and graphite fibre brush (GFB) for constructing bio-electrodes in an MFC. In this study, the MFC had two chambers, separated by a cation exchange membrane, and underwent a total of four different treatments with different electrode arrangements (anodeǁcathode)-SSǁSS (control), GFBǁSS, GFBǁGFB and SSǁGFB. Both electrodes were heat-treated to improve surface oxidation. On the 20th day of the operation, the GFBǁGFB arrangement generated the highest power density, up to 3.03 W/m3 (177 A/m3), followed by the SSǁGFB (0.0106 W/m3, 0.412 A/m3), the GFBǁSS (0.0283 W/m3, 17.1 A/m3), and the SSǁSS arrangements (0.0069 W/m-3, 1.64 A/m3). The GFBǁGFB had the lowest internal resistance (0.2 kΩ), corresponding to the highest power output. The other electrode arrangements, SSǁGFB, GFBǁSS, and SSǁSS, showed very high internal resistance (82 kΩ, 2.1 kΩ and 18 kΩ, respectively) due to the low proton and electron movement activity in the MFC systems. The results show that GFB materials can be used as anode and cathode in a fully biotic MFC system.
Laparoscopic transverse colectomy with extended complete mesocolic excision for mid-transverse colon cancer

Piozzi GN, Rusli SM, Choo JM, Kim JS, Kim SH

Tech Coloproctol, 2022 Feb 07.
PMID: 35129734 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-021-02567-9
Fulltext Polymerization and Applications of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review

Ahamad Said MN, Hasbullah NA, Rosdi MRH, Musa MS, Rusli A, Ariffin A, et al.

ACS Omega, 2022 Dec 27;7(51):47490-47503.
PMID: 36591191 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04483

Graphene oxide (GO)-incorporated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites (PMMA-GO) have demonstrated a wide range of outstanding mechanical, electrical, and physical characteristics. It is of interest to review the synthesis of PMMA-GO nanocomposites and their applications as multifunctional structural materials. The attention of this review is to focus on the radical polymerization techniques, mainly bulk and emulsion polymerization, to prepare PMMA-GO polymeric nanocomposite materials. This review also discusses the effect of solvent polarity on the polymerization process and the types of surfactants (anionic, cationic, nonionic) and initiator used in the polymerization. PMMA-GO nanocomposite synthesis using radical polymerization-based techniques is an active topic of study with several prospects for considerable future improvement and a variety of possible emerging applications. The concentration and dispersity of GO used in the polymerization play critical roles to ensure the functionality and performance of the PMMA-GO nanocomposites.
Sphincter-Preserving Robotic Surgery for Rectal Cancer Anteriorly Invading Rectourethralis Muscle: Intersphincteric Resection With En-Bloc Prostatectomy

Hui Shin S, Niccolo Piozzi G, Mayuha Rusli S, Min Choo J, Gu Kang S, Kim SH

Dis Colon Rectum, 2023 Mar 01;66(3):e118-e119.
PMID: 36630407 DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002516
Neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy: Correlation between post-cooling brain MRI findings and 2 years neurodevelopmental outcome

Rusli ERM, Ismail J, Wei WS, Ishak S, Jaafar R, Zaki FM

Indian J Radiol Imaging, 2019 12 31;29(4):350-355.
PMID: 31949335 DOI: 10.4103/ijri.IJRI_62_19

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain patterns among hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) babies who underwent post-cooling MRI brain as well as to correlate the post-cooling brain scoring with patient's neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years.
Subjects and Methods: It was a retrospective cross sectional study carried out at a tertiary university hospital. Record of patients diagnosed with neonatal HIE from 2007 until 2016 who completed 72 h of cooling therapy and had MRI brain within 2 weeks of life were included in this study. A new scoring system by Trivedi et al. that emphasizes on subcortical deep gray matter and posterior limb internal capsule injury were utilized upon MRI assessment, using TW, T2W, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. Cumulative MRI brain score was obtained and graded as none, mild, moderate, and severe brain injury. The MRI brain scoring was then correlated with patient's 2 years neurodevelopmental outcome using Fisher's Exact Test.
Results: A total of 23 patients were eligible of which 19 term neonates were included. 13% of these neonates (n = 3) had mild MRI brain injury grading with 52.2% (n = 12) moderate and 34.8% (n = 8) severe. There was no significant correlation seen between MRI brain grading and developmental outcome at 2 years old (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between neonatal MRI brain injury grading and 2 years neurodevelopmental outcome. Nevertheless, the new MRI brain scoring by Trivedi et al. is reproducible and comprehensive as it involves various important brain structures, assessed from different MRI sequences.

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