METHODS: The DU-145 cells have been treated to different doses of Myo-inositol in order to ascertain the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) using the trypan blue exclusion assay. The impact of Myo-inositol on proteomic profiles was evaluated using 2D gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
RESULTS: Myo-inositol significantly reduced DU-145 cell viability with an IC50 of 0.06 mg/ml (p<0.05). Proteomic analysis highlighted marked differences in protein expression between treated and untreated cells, particularly in proteins related to cytoskeletal regulation, apoptosis, and stress response. LC-MS further identified significant alterations in protein profiles, with suppression of proteins like Annexin A2 and Cofilin-1-A in controls, and upregulation of proteins such as Rho GTPase-activating protein, Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (APAF1), and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) in treated samples (p<0.001), indicating modulation of key signaling pathways involved in tumor suppression and oncogenesis.
CONCLUSION: Myo-inositol exhibits anticancer properties in prostate cancer cells by impacting cell viability and altering protein expression. While promising as an adjunctive treatment, further studies are needed to understand its mechanisms and potential in combination therapies for managing CRPC.
METHODS: Gallic acid (1), and methyl gallate (2), were isolated via bioassay-directed isolation, and they exhibited anticancer properties towards several cancer cell lines, examined using MTT cell viability assay. Pyrogallol (3) was examined against the same cancer cell lines to deduce the bioactive functional group of the phenolic compounds.
RESULTS: The results showed that the phenolic compounds could exhibit moderate to weak cytotoxicity towards certain cell lines (GI50 30 - 86 µM), but were inactive towards DU145 prostate cancer cell (GI50 > 100 µM).
CONCLUSION: It was observed that pyrogallol moiety was one of the essential functional structures of the phenolic compounds in exhibiting anticancer activity. Also, the carboxyl group of compound 1 was also important in anticancer activity. Examination of the PC-3 cells treated with compound 1 using fluorescence microscopy showed that PC-3 cells were killed by apoptosis.