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Preliminary observation on the lepidopteran colonization on rat and rabbit carcasses in Malaysia

Singh S, Yong SK, Jalaludin NH, Brau E, Shamsudin NN, Keawbaingam N, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2020 Dec 01;37(4):1146-1151.
PMID: 33612767 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.1146

The immature stages of necrophagous insects such as Diptera and Coleoptera play a vital ecological role in carrion decomposition. These invertebrates reduce the necromass significantly through consumption and recycle nutrients into organic forms which are readily being used by autotrophs or served as an abiotic storage in the soil ecosystem. Fly and beetle larvae are frequently encountered decomposers on ephemeral resource patches; however, lepidopterans associated with carrion decomposition is seldom reported. Here, we report colonization of Monopis sp. (Tineidae) and an unknown species of Psychidae on a rat carcass, and a Lithosiini caterpillar (Arctiidae) on a rabbit carcass in Peninsular Malaysia for the first time. The feeding behaviour and their potential forensic implications are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Reporting beetles in a mummified human corpse in Malaysia: Necrobia rufipes (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Ivorra T, Rahimi R, Zaini NA, Heo CC

Leg Med (Tokyo), 2023 May;62:102238.
PMID: 36913819 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102238

This case study reports on two unrecorded Coleopteran species found together on a human corpse in Malaysia. The mummified human remains were discovered in a house in Selangor, Malaysia. The pathologist confirmed that the death was due to a traumatic chest injury. Maggots, beetles, and fly pupal casings were found mainly on the front part of the body. Empty puparia of Diptera were collected during the autopsy and identified later as the muscid Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) (Diptera: Muscidae). Also, the insect evidence received included larvae and pupae of Megaselia sp. (Diptera: Phoridae). According to the insect development data, the minimum postmortem period was estimated by the time to reach the pupal developmental stage (in days). The entomological evidence included the first record of Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and Necrobia rufipes (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), which have not previously been recorded on human remains in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
First record of Diamesus osculans (Vigors, 1825) (Coleoptera: Silphidae) colonization on a human corpse

Ivorra T, Rahimi R, Goh TG, Azmiera N, Nur-Aliah NA, Low VL, et al.

Int J Legal Med, 2024 Mar;138(2):677-683.
PMID: 37211557 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03023-z

A partially skeletonized human corpse was found in bushes in Selangor, Malaysia in June 2020. Entomological evidence was collected during the autopsy and sent to the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) analysis. Standard protocols were applied when processing preserved and live insect specimens of both larval and pupal stages. Entomological evidence revealed that the corpse was colonized by Chrysomya nigripes Aubertin, 1932 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Diamesus osculans (Vigors, 1825) (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Chrysomya nigripes was chosen as the PMImin indicator as this fly species is an earlier colonizer compared to D. osculans beetle larvae which their presence is the indicative of late stage of decomposition. For the present case, the pupae of C. nigripes were the oldest insect evidence collected and based on the available developmental data, the estimated minimum PMI was established between 9 and 12 days. It is noteworthy to highlight that this is the first record of D. osculans colonization on a human corpse.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Fulltext Neural Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Nontherapeutic Applications: Toxicology, Pharmacology, and In Vitro Disease Modeling

Yap MS, Nathan KR, Yeo Y, Lim LW, Poh CL, Richards M, et al.

Stem Cells Int, 2015;2015:105172.
PMID: 26089911 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105172

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) derived from either blastocyst stage embryos (hESCs) or reprogrammed somatic cells (iPSCs) can provide an abundant source of human neuronal lineages that were previously sourced from human cadavers, abortuses, and discarded surgical waste. In addition to the well-known potential therapeutic application of these cells in regenerative medicine, these are also various promising nontherapeutic applications in toxicological and pharmacological screening of neuroactive compounds, as well as for in vitro modeling of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Compared to alternative research models based on laboratory animals and immortalized cancer-derived human neural cell lines, neuronal cells differentiated from hPSCs possess the advantages of species specificity together with genetic and physiological normality, which could more closely recapitulate in vivo conditions within the human central nervous system. This review critically examines the various potential nontherapeutic applications of hPSC-derived neuronal lineages and gives a brief overview of differentiation protocols utilized to generate these cells from hESCs and iPSCs.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Fulltext Are health professionals responsible for the shortage of organs from deceased donors in Malaysia?

Abidin ZL, Ming WT, Loch A, Hilmi I, Hautmann O

Transpl Int, 2013 Feb;26(2):187-94.
PMID: 23199156 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12019

The rate of organ donations from deceased donors in Malaysia is among the lowest in the world. This may be because of the passivity among health professionals in approaching families of potential donors. A questionnaire-based study was conducted amongst health professionals in two tertiary hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Four hundred and sixty-two questionnaires were completed. 93.3% of health professionals acknowledged a need for organ transplantation in Malaysia. 47.8% were willing to donate their organs (with ethnic and religious differences). Factors which may be influencing the shortage of organs from deceased donors include: nonrecognition of brainstem death (38.5%), no knowledge on how to contact the Organ Transplant Coordinator (82.3%), and never approaching families of a potential donor (63.9%). There was a general attitude of passivity in approaching families of potential donors and activating transplant teams among many of the health professionals. A misunderstanding of brainstem death and its definition hinder identification of a potential donor. Continuing medical education and highlighting the role of the Organ Transplant Coordinator, as well as increasing awareness of the public through religion and the media were identified as essential in improving the rate of organ donations from deceased donors in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Fulltext A strange case of double annular pancreas

Nayak S, Pamidi N, George BM, Guru A

JOP, 2013 Jan;14(1):96-8.
PMID: 23306345 DOI: 10.6092/1590-8577/1281

The pancreas is a soft lobulated gland situated transversely across the upper part of the posterior abdominal wall. Its parts include the head, neck, body and tail. Annular pancreas is a rare condition where the head of the pancreas surrounds the second part of the duodenum like a ring.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Angular stable lateral plating is a valid alternative to conventional plate fixation in the proximal phalanx. A biomechanical study

Shanmugam R, Ernst M, Stoffel K, Fischer MF, Wahl D, Richards RG, et al.

Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2015 Jun;30(5):405-10.
PMID: 25846324 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.03.019

Dorsal plating is commonly used in proximal phalanx fractures but it bears the risk of interfering with the extensor apparatus. In this study, dorsal and lateral plating fixation methods are compared to assess biomechanical differences using conventional 1.5mm non-locking plates and novel 1.3mm lateral locking plates.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Fulltext Impact of Bone Cement Augmentation on the Fixation Strength of TFNA Blades and Screws

Sermon A, Hofmann-Fliri L, Zderic I, Agarwal Y, Scherrer S, Weber A, et al.

Medicina (Kaunas), 2021 Aug 28;57(9).
PMID: 34577822 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090899

Background and Objectives: Hip fractures constitute the most debilitating complication of osteoporosis with steadily increasing incidences in the aging population. Their intramedullary nailing can be challenging because of poor anchorage in the osteoporotic femoral head. Cement augmentation of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) blades demonstrated promising results by enhancing cut-out resistance in proximal femoral fractures. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of augmentation on the fixation strength of TFN-ADVANCEDTM Proximal Femoral Nailing System (TFNA) blades and screws within the femoral head and compare its effect when they are implanted in centre or anteroposterior off-centre position. Materials and Methods: Eight groups were formed out of 96 polyurethane low-density foam specimens simulating isolated femoral heads with poor bone quality. The specimens in each group were implanted with either non-augmented or cement-augmented TFNA blades or screws in centre or anteroposterior off-centre positions, 7 mm anterior or posterior. Mechanical testing was performed under progressively increasing cyclic loading until failure, in setup simulating an unstable pertrochanteric fracture with a lack of posteromedial support and load sharing at the fracture gap. Varus-valgus and head rotation angles were monitored. A varus collapse of 5° or 10° head rotation was defined as a clinically relevant failure. Results: Failure load (N) for specimens with augmented TFNA head elements (screw/blade centre: 3799 ± 326/3228 ± 478; screw/blade off-centre: 2680 ± 182/2591 ± 244) was significantly higher compared with respective non-augmented specimens (screw/blade centre: 1593 ± 120/1489 ± 41; screw/blade off-centre: 515 ± 73/1018 ± 48), p < 0.001. For both non-augmented and augmented specimens failure load in the centre position was significantly higher compared with the respective off-centre positions, regardless of the head element type, p < 0.001. Augmented off-centre TFNA head elements had significantly higher failure load compared with non-augmented centrally placed implants, p < 0.001. Conclusions: Cement augmentation clearly enhances the fixation stability of TFNA blades and screws. Non-augmented blades outperformed screws in the anteroposterior off-centre position. Positioning of TFNA blades in the femoral head is more forgiving than TFNA screws in terms of failure load.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
First report of macrocheles scutatiformis (acari: macrochelidae) found on insects and soil beneath animal carcasses in Malaysia

Azima Laili Hanifah, Mariana Ahamad, Ahmad Taufik Yussoff, Vishalani Vishnu Narainasamy, Baharudin Omar, Gen Takaku

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:681-686.

In a forensic acarology study, conducted in a secondary forest of Forensic Science Simulation Site, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia (UKM) in Bangi, Selangor, six carcasses consisted of three monkeys and three rabbits were placed individually
in steel enclosures and observed for 35 days. The carcasses, the soil beneath them and pitfall traps were checked daily
for insects and mites. A species of mesostigmatid mite, Macrocheles scutatiformis was discovered and this is a first time
reported in Malaysia. There are about 94.0% of Macrocheles present inside the cages of the monkey and rabbit carcasses.
Most mites in this study were collected from soil beneath the carcasses, on a dung beetle and a Chrysomya rufifacies
larva. Our findings showed that M. scutatiformis have a potential role in forensic investigation involving dead animals
perhaps corpses especially during the dry stage of decomposition.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Sex inequality in kidney transplantation rates

Schaubel DE, Stewart DE, Morrison HI, Zimmerman DL, Cameron JI, Jeffery JJ, et al.

Arch. Intern. Med., 2000 8 6;160(15):2349-54.
PMID: 10927733 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.160.15.2349

BACKGROUND: Men in the United States undergoing renal replacement therapy are more likely than women to receive a kidney transplant. However, the ability to pay may, in part, be responsible for this finding.

OBJECTIVE: To compare adult male and female transplantation rates in a setting in which equal access to medical treatment is assumed.

METHODS: Using data from the Canadian Organ Replacement Register, the rate of first transplantations was computed for the 20, 131 men and the 13,458 women aged 20 years or older who initiated renal replacement therapy between January 1, 1981, and December 31, 1996. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the male-female transplantation rate ratio, adjusting for age, race, province, calendar period, underlying disease leading to renal failure, and dialytic modality. Actuarial survival methods were used to compare transplantation probability for covariable-matched cohorts of men and women.

RESULTS: Men experienced 20% greater covariable-adjusted kidney transplantation rates relative to women (rate ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.27). The sex disparity was stronger for cadaveric transplants (rate ratio, 1.23) compared with those from living donors (rate ratio, 1.10). The 5-year probability of receiving a transplant was 47% for men and 39% for women within covariable-matched cohorts (P

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Species richness of scavenger insects on different carcass types

Mashaly AM, Al-Ajmi RA, Rady A, Al-Musawi Z, Farrukh A

Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):630-639.
PMID: 33597485

The type and amount of resources available significantly influences the structure and dynamics of food webs. In this study, we analyzed differences in species richness of scavengers based on carcass type in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We collected insects from experimental carcasses of three different types, domestic dogs (Canidae, Canis lupus familiaris), Hijazi goats (Bovidae, Capra aegagrus hircus), and camels (Camelidae, Camelus dromedarius). Data collection was conducted during the decay stage in June, 2016. We used mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) barcodes as a marker for the molecular identification of the scavenger insects. The results showed that there were more insects on the camels and goats than the dogs. In total, seven species were found on all carrions. Six species were found on the camels and goats, but only five were found on the dog. Musca domestica was the most collected species of flies whereas, Necrobia rufipes was the most collected species of beetles. Overall, this study showed that carrion type had an effect on the type and number of insects attracted to the carrions. Thus, one of the significant factors that influence the associated scavenger assemblage is a carcass type.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver*
An atavastic belly of the flexor digitorum profundus with absence of tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis to the little finger: morphological and histological considerations

Das S, Norzana AG, Azian AL, Farihah HS, Faizah O

Clin Ter, 2011;162(6):555-7.
PMID: 22262329

In this case report, we report the absence of the fourth tendon of flexor digitorium superficialis (FDS) to the little finger with a concurrent anomalous muscular belly of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) in the palm. The FDS originated from the medial epicondyle, divided into three tendons for the index, middle and ring fingers with the little finger devoid of any attachment. The FDP exhibited a muscular belly which passed deep to the flexor retinaculum (FR) and continued for another 4 cm thereby dividing into four slips for the index, middle, ring and little fingers. The presence of the muscular belly of the FDP lead us to think whether it was an adhesion between the tendons of the FDP, so we proceeded to histological analysis. The tissue was processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Abundant longitudinal muscle fibers with peripherally situated nuclei confirmed it to be a skeletal muscle. Absence of the tendon of FDS to little finger may influence the flexion movement in the middle and proximal interphalangeal joints. Presence of anomalous muscle belly of FDP in the palm may mimic any soft tissue tumour, compress neurovascular structures or even pose difficulty while performing tendon transplant surgeries.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Fulltext Bilateral Hydroureteronephrosis with a Hypertrophied, Trabeculated Urinary Bladder

Iqbal S, Raiz I, Faiz I

Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Mar;24(2):106-115.
PMID: 28894411 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.2.14

Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis involves the dilatation of the renal pelvis, calyces and ureter; it develops secondary to urinary tract obstruction and leads to a build-up of back pressure in the urinary tract, and it may lead to impairment of renal function and ultimately culminate in renal failure. Although clinically silent in most cases, it can be diagnosed as an incidental finding during evaluation of an unrelated cause. In a minority of patients, it presents with signs and symptoms. Renal calculus is the most common cause, but there are multiple non-calculus aetiologies, and they depend on age and sex. Pelviureteric junction obstruction, benign prostatic hypertrophy, urethral stricture, neurogenic bladder, retroperitoneal mass and bladder outlet obstruction are some of the frequent causes of hydroureteronephrosis in adults. The incidence of non-calculus hydronephrosis is more common in males than in females. Ultrasonography is the most important baseline investigation in the evaluation of patients with hydronephrosis. Here, we report a rarely seen case of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis associated with a hypertrophied, trabeculated bladder in an adult male cadaver, suspected to be due to a primary bladder neck obstruction, and analyse its various other causes, clinical presentations and outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Morphometric analysis and surgical adequacy of palmaris longus as a tendon graft. A systematic review of cadaveric studies

Yammine K, Erić M

Surg Radiol Anat, 2020 Mar;42(3):259-267.
PMID: 31741040 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-019-02381-x

INTRODUCTION: The tendon of the palmaris longus is commonly used as a tendon graft in many reconstructive surgeries. Easy to access and at proximity to the hand, the palmaris longus tendon is considered as the optimal tendon source for hand reconstructive surgery. However, and besides its inconsistency, the size of the palmaris longus tendon is reported to show variability. The aim of this study is to look for the surgical adequacy of the palmaris longus tendon by conducting a quantitative synthesis on its length and width in human populations and its correlation with the forearm length.
METHODS: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria including 1761 cadaveric limbs.
RESULTS: The results were as following: (a) the mean palmaris longus tendon length was of 13.9 ± 2.6 cm, (b) the mean ratio palmaris longus tendon length/forearm length was of 0.545 ± 0.06, (c) the weighted correlation value was of 0.686, and (d) the mean palmaris longus tendon width was of 4.0 ± 1.7 mm. Only five studies reported a palmaris longus tendon length of more than 15 cm. The palmaris longus tendon length was shown to vary between ancestries; the Japanese had the shortest while Malaysian the longest palmaris longus tendons. All studies but one reported a palmaris longus tendon mean width of more than 3 mm where the minimal mean palmaris longus tendon width was of 2.5 mm.
CONCLUSION: While the requested length depends on the recipient site and/or type of reconstructive surgery, the palmaris longus tendon often met the required diameter for grafting. Our review demonstrated that while palmaris longus length varies between ancestries, its width is often adequate for grafting. In addition, the forearm length could be a good predictor of palmaris longus tendon length; such correlation could assist surgeons when planning to use palmaris longus tendon as a graft source.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Four new Megaselia species (Diptera: Phoridae) from aanimal carcasses in Bangi, Malaysia

Zuha RM, Disney RHL

Zootaxa, 2018 Nov 02;4508(4):551-561.
PMID: 30485963 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4508.4.3

Megaselia bangiensis Disney sp. nov., M. cumpapillarum Disney sp. nov., M. hyplongiseta Disney sp. nov. and M. selangorensis Disney sp. nov. were collected from rabbit carcasses placed in concealed environments in Bangi, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Morphometrics of nuchal ligament in greyhound in different neck and body positions

Ismail SMY, Murray CM, Olusa TAO, Ismail MM, Hailat NQ, Yen HH, et al.

Anat Histol Embryol, 2022 Jan;51(1):143-152.
PMID: 34882828 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12771

This study was conducted to describe the morphometrics of nuchal ligament and investigate the effects of different neck and body positions on the nuchal ligament in greyhounds. Nine adult greyhounds cadavers without any locomotion abnormalities were dissected through the neck musculature on the left side to expose the nuchal ligament. Three pins were placed to mark regions of interest on the nuchal ligament: at one cm cranial to the site of origin (the most dorsal point of the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra), at the midpoint of the nuchal ligament and one cm caudal to the nuchal ligament site of insertion (close to the caudal aspect of the spinous process of the axis). Each cadaver was positioned on a masonite board and placed on a table on the floor in their lateral recumbency and seven different standardized body positions; P1-P7 were mimicked using goniometers and metal wires. Photographs were taken by positioning and fixing the camera above the nuchal ligament region. The length and widths (W1, W2 and W3) of nuchal ligament were measured using Image Pro software (Image-Pro Express version 5.0) on standardized photographs of each of seven different body and neck positions. The length of nuchal ligament in relation to the neutral position (P1) was less (- 7%, p > 0·05) in P6 (neck elevated) and increased in all other positions (+1%, p > 0·05 for P2, +19%, p 0·05 for P5, +40%, p

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Multifaceted profile of an unusual paramedian occipital condyle-anatomical and computerised tomographic evaluation

Arora J, Mehta V, Abhishek K, Nisha S, Suri RK, Rath G, et al.

Clin Ter, 2014;165(2):111-4.
PMID: 24770815 DOI: 10.7471/CT.2014.1687

During extensive osteological study of 150 dry skulls in the Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical college, an unusual Paramedian Occipital (POC) condyle was detected in the occipital bone of a cadaveric skull. The anatomical details of this unusual occipital condyle were carefully studied and its morphometric measurements taken. A coronal multiplanner reformatted image and a volume rendered image were taken to study radiological details and establish significant clinical correlation. Precise understanding of anatomy of craniovertebral junction and its anomalies have become immensely important for the present day surgeon during orthopaedic and neurosurgical procedures of this region . Technical advancements in imaging modalities such as CT and MRI scans further signify the importance of these anatomical variations ,which are often missed in routine examination. Osteological study combined with radiological details of the paramedian occipital condyle in the present case aims to emphasize the importance of bony anomalies in the craniovertebral region and their role in diagnosis and appropriate treatment of neurovascular compression syndromes of craniovertebral junction. The present study highlights anatomical details, clinical relevance and embryological basis of such a rare unusual paramedian occipital condyle.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Anomalous structures of the liver: an anatomical insight

Choy KW, Kogilavani S, Norshalizah M, Rani S, Aspalilah A, Farihah HS, et al.

Clin Ter, 2013 May-Jun;164(3):197-201.
PMID: 23868619 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1549

Anomalous structures of the liver are incidentally detected during autopsies or during routine cadaveric dissection. The present study aimed to observe the abnormal shapes of quadrate lobe, accessory sulci and ligamentum teres of the liver.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Higher division of the tibial nerve in the leg: gross anatomical study with clinical implications

Norzana AG, Farihah HS, Fairus A, Teoh SL, Nur AK, Faizah O, et al.

Clin Ter, 2013;164(1):1-3.
PMID: 23455733 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1501

Tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve and it is the main nerve innervating the muscles of the back of the leg. The tibial nerve divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves. The level of division may be important for surgical purpose. The main aim of the present study was to observe the exact level of division of the tibial nerve and discuss its clinical implications.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
Topographical anatomy of the profunda femoris artery and the femoral nerve: normal and abnormal relationships

Choy KW, Kogilavani S, Norshalizah M, Rani S, Aspalilah A, Hamzi H, et al.

Clin Ter, 2013;164(1):17-9.
PMID: 23455736 DOI: 10.7417/T.2013.1504

Femoral nerve (FN) is the largest branch of lumbar plexus. It lies lateral to femoral artery (FA) and it is located outside the femoral sheath. Profunda femoris artery (PFA) is a branch of the FA. The present study aimed to observe the topographical anatomy and relationship of the PFA and the FN.

Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver

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