Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 344 in total

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  1. Bio-hydrogen production using a two-stage fermentation process
    Alalayah WM, Kalil MS, Kadhum AA, Jahim JM, Jaapar SZ, Alauj NM
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2009 Nov 15;12(22):1462-7.
    PMID: 20180320
    A two-stage fermentation process consisting of dark and photo-fermentation periods was carried out in a batch reactor. In the first stage, glucose was fermented in the dark stage using Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564; CSN1-4) to produce acetate, CO2 and H2. The acetate produced in the first stage is fermented to H2 and CO2 by Rhodobacter sphaeroides NCIMB 8253 for further hydrogen production in the second, illuminated stage. The yield of hydrogen in the first stage was about 3.10 mol H2 (mol glucose)(-1) at a glucose concentration of 10 g L(-1), pH 6 +/- 0.2 and 37 degrees C and the second stage yield was about 1.10-1.25 mol H2 (mol acetic acid)(-1) at pH 6.8 +/- 0.2 and 32 degrees C, without removal of the Clostridium CSN1-4. The overall yield of hydrogen in the two-stage process, with glucose as the main substrate was higher than single-stage fermentation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose/metabolism
  2. Bioconversion of oil palm frond by Aspergillus niger to enhances it's fermentable sugar production
    Lim SH, Ibrahim D
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2013 Sep 15;16(18):920-6.
    PMID: 24502148
    The aim of this study was to develop an economical bioprocess to produce the fermentable sugars at laboratory scales Using Oil Palm Frond (OPF) as substrate in Solid State Fermentation (SSF). OPF waste generated by oil palm plantations is a major problem in terms of waste management. However, this lignocellulosic waste material is a cheap source of cellulose. We used OPF as substrate to produce fermentable sugars. The high content of cellulose in OPF promises the high fermentable sugars production in SSF. Saccharification of OPF waste by A. niger USMAI1 generates fermentable sugars and was evaluated through a solid state fermentation. Physical parameters, e.g., inoculum size, initial substrate moisture, initial pH, incubation temperature and the size of substrate were optimized to obtain the maximum fermentable sugars from oil palm fronds. Up to 77 mg of fermentable sugars per gram substrate was produced under the optimal physical parameter conditions. Lower productivity of fermentable sugars, 32 mg fermentable sugars per gram substrate was obtained under non optimized conditions. The results indicated that about 140.6% increase in fermentable sugar production after optimization of the physical parameters. Glucose was the major end component amongst the fermentable sugars obtained. This study indicated that under optimum physical parameter conditions, the OPF waste can be utilized to produce fermentable sugars which then convert into other products such as alcohol.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose/metabolism
  3. Self-care management among children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus in Malaysia
    Mohd Nor NS, Anuar Zaini A, Jalaludin MY
    J Child Health Care, 2024 Dec;28(4):804-814.
    PMID: 37029637 DOI: 10.1177/13674935231168911
    The study aimed to evaluate diabetes self-care among diabetic children and adolescents and compare with glycaemic control. Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire was distributed to patients aged 10-18 years with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) at paediatric diabetes clinics in Malaysia. Haemoglobin A1c levels were measured after questionnaire completion. A total of 106 patients completed the questionnaire with a mean age of 13.91 (± SD 2.48) years. Mean haemoglobin A1c and SDSCA score were 9.78 (± SD 2.43)% and 19.09 (± SD 5.81), respectively. Type 1 DM patients had significantly higher haemoglobin A1c (10.11 95% CI [9.62, 10.59] vs 8.38 95% CI [7.13, 9.62]). Total score was higher in type 1 DM although not statistically significant (19.32 95% CI [18.21, 20.43] vs 18.08 95% CI [14.28, 21.87]). Blood glucose testing score was significantly higher in type 1 DM (5.24 95% CI [4.82, 5.66] vs 3.50 95% CI [2.23, 4.77]). There was statistically significant negative correlation between score in diet subcategory and haemoglobin A1c. In conclusion, self-care activities among diabetic children and adolescents are still suboptimal. Self-care activities on blood glucose testing are significantly better in type 1 DM. Diet section correlated well with glycaemic control necessitating further research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  4. 4 vs 7 points self-monitoring blood glucose in gestational diabetes mellitus on diet modification: randomised clinical trial in a single tertiary centre in Malaysia
    Berohan ND, Alias H, Ishak S, Mohammed Nawi A, Azman N, Sohaimi D, et al.
    Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2024 Oct;310(4):1959-1965.
    PMID: 39110209 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07661-5
    PURPOSE: There is no standardized best method on monitoring of patients with gestational diabetes on diet modification in the country. This study aims to investigate the optimum method of self-monitoring blood glucose.

    METHODS: This is a randomized clinical trial in a single tertiary centre involving patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed based on NICE guideline on diet modification. The patients are randomized in 1:1 ratio to 4 or 7 points self-monitoring blood glucose. The monitoring was required to be done monthly with ultrasound for fetal growth. Blood was taken at recruitment for measurement of serum HbA1c and fructosamine.

    RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were recruited. There were significantly more Malay patients in the 7 points group (88.9% vs 78.2%, p = 0.033). Multiparous patients were significantly more in the 4 points group (82.2% vs 68.7%, p = 0.033). Both groups were similar in clinical characteristics. There was no statistical difference in the neonatal outcome particularly fetal macrosomia and admission to neonatal intensive care unit.

    CONCLUSIONS: In patients with GDM on diet modification, self-blood glucose monitoring using either 4 or 7 points resulted in similar maternal and perinatal outcomes. The research was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04101396) on 17/9/2019 ( https://register.

    CLINICALTRIALS: gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S00098EN&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0004RD4&ts=2&cx=-qlk1w2 ).

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  5. Effect of altered eating pattern on serum fructosamine: total protein ratio and plasma glucose level
    Ch'ng SL, Cheah SH, Husain R, Duncan MT
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1989 May;18(3):326-7.
    PMID: 2774480
    The effect of alteration of eating pattern during Ramadan on body mass index (BMI), serum fructosamine: total protein ratio (F/TP), and glucose level in 18 healthy male Asiatic Moslems were studied. The results showed a significant decrease (p less than 0.025) in F/TP at the second week of Ramadan in 11 subjects who experienced continuous decrease in BMI throughout Ramadan. The remaining 7 subjects showed no significant changes in BMI and F/TP. No evidence of hypoglycaemia was observed in the subjects during the study. Serum fructosamine: total protein ratio in subjects with altered eating pattern preferably should be interpreted along with the change in body mass index.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism*
  6. Association between sex, age, temporal trends, and glycemic control of 221,769 adults with type 2 diabetes in a multi-ethnic middle-income Asian country
    Ang SH, Lim LL, Mustapha FI, Ahmad E, Rampal S
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2025 Feb;220:111976.
    PMID: 39742922 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111976
    AIMS: We examined the association between sex, age, temporal trends, and glycemic control among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a multi-ethnic middle-income Asian country.

    METHODS: Using the National Diabetes Registry (2011-2020), we analyzed data for 221,769 adult Malaysians with T2D.We used quantile regressions to estimate the association of sex, age, and their interaction on HbA1clevels at the 5th, 50th, and 95thpercentile and logistic regression to estimate the odds of good control (HbA1c 

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  7. Fulltext Vernonia amygdalina simultaneously suppresses gluconeogenesis and potentiates glucose oxidation via the pentose phosphate pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Atangwho IJ, Yin KB, Umar MI, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:426.
    PMID: 25358757 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-426
    This study evaluated the impact of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) on the transcription of key enzymes involved in cellular modulation of glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in a bid to understand the possible anti-diabetic mechanism of VA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism; Glucose/metabolism*
  8. Hydralazine administration activates sympathetic preganglionic neurons whose activity mobilizes glucose and increases cardiovascular function
    Parker LM, Damanhuri HA, Fletcher SP, Goodchild AK
    Brain Res, 2015 Apr 16;1604:25-34.
    PMID: 25662772 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.049
    Hypotensive drugs have been used to identify central neurons that mediate compensatory baroreceptor reflex responses. Such drugs also increase blood glucose. Our aim was to identify the neurochemical phenotypes of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) and adrenal chromaffin cells activated following hydralazine (HDZ; 10mg/kg) administration in rats, and utilize this and SPN target organ destination to ascribe their function as cardiovascular or glucose regulating. Blood glucose was measured and adrenal chromaffin cell activation was assessed using c-Fos immunoreactivity (-ir) and phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase, respectively. The activation and neurochemical phenotype of SPN innervating the adrenal glands and celiac ganglia were determined using the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit, in combination with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Blood glucose was elevated at multiple time points following HDZ administration but little evidence of chromaffin cell activation was seen suggesting non-adrenal mechanisms contribute to the sustained hyperglycemia. 16±0.1% of T4-T11 SPN contained c-Fos and of these: 24.3±1.4% projected to adrenal glands and 29±5.5% projected to celiac ganglia with the rest innervating other targets. 62.8±1.4% of SPN innervating adrenal glands were activated and 29.9±3.3% expressed PPE mRNA whereas 53.2±8.6% of SPN innervating celiac ganglia were activated and 31.2±8.8% expressed PPE mRNA. CART-ir SPN innervating each target were also activated and did not co-express PPE mRNA. Neurochemical coding reveals that HDZ administration activates both PPE+SPN, whose activity increase glucose mobilization causing hyperglycemia, as well as CART+SPN whose activity drive vasomotor responses mediated by baroreceptor unloading to raise vascular tone and heart rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism; Glucose/metabolism*
  9. Fulltext Glucose uptake and lipid metabolism are impaired in epicardial adipose tissue from heart failure patients with or without diabetes
    Burgeiro A, Fuhrmann A, Cherian S, Espinoza D, Jarak I, Carvalho RA, et al.
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2016 Apr 01;310(7):E550-64.
    PMID: 26814014 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2015
    Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disease is a leading complication of diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue surrounding the heart displays biochemical, thermogenic, and cardioprotective properties. However, the metabolic cross-talk between epicardial fat and the myocardium is largely unknown. This study sought to understand epicardial adipose tissue metabolism from heart failure patients with or without diabetes. We aimed to unravel possible differences in glucose and lipid metabolism between human epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms involved in heart failure. Insulin-stimulated [(14)C]glucose uptake and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis were measured in isolated epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes. The expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in adipocytes. In addition, epicardial and subcutaneous fatty acid composition was analyzed by high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The difference between basal and insulin conditions in glucose uptake was significantly decreased (P= 0.006) in epicardial compared with subcutaneous adipocytes. Moreover, a significant (P< 0.001) decrease in the isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis was also observed when the two fat depots were compared, and it was strongly correlated with lipolysis, lipid storage, and inflammation-related gene expression. Moreover, the fatty acid composition of these tissues was significantly altered by diabetes. These results emphasize potential metabolic differences between both fat depots in the presence of heart failure and highlight epicardial fat as a possible therapeutic target in situ in the cardiac microenvironment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism*; Glucose/metabolism
  10. Fulltext Caprine pancreatic islet xenotransplantation into diabetic immunosuppressed BALB/c mice
    Hani H, Allaudin ZN, Mohd-Lila MA, Ibrahim TA, Othman AM
    Xenotransplantation, 2014 Mar-Apr;21(2):174-82.
    PMID: 24645790 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12087
    BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a devastating disease for which there is currently no cure, but only lifetime management. Islet xenotransplantation is a promising technique for the restoration of blood glucose control in patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential use of caprine (goat) islet cells as xenogeneic grafts in the treatment for diabetes in a mouse model.
    METHODS: Caprine pancreases were harvested and transported to the laboratory under conditions optimized to prevent ischemia. Islets were isolated, purified, and tested for functionality. Caprine islets (2000 islet equivalent) were transplanted beneath the kidney capsules of diabetic BALB/c mice under thalidomide-induced immunosuppression. Blood glucose and insulin levels of grafted mice were evaluated by glucometer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, respectively. The functionality and quality of caprine pancreatic islet grafts were assessed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests.
    RESULTS: The viability of purified islet cells exceeded 90%. Recipient mice exhibited normoglycemia (<11 mM glucose) for 30 days. In addition, weight gain negatively correlated with blood glucose level. The findings verified diabetes reversal in caprine islet recipient mice. A significant drop in non-fasting blood glucose level (from 23.3 ± 5.4 to 8.04 ± 0.44 mM) and simultaneous increase in serum insulin level (from 0.01 ± 0.001 to 0.56 ± 0.17 μg/l) and body weights (from 23.64 ± 0.31 to 25.85 ± 0.34 g) were observed (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis verified insulin production in the transplanted islets.
    CONCLUSIONS: Purified caprine islets were demonstrated to successfully sustain viability and functionality for controlling blood glucose levels in an immunosuppressed mouse model of diabetes. These results suggest the use of caprine islets as an addition to the supply of xenogeneic islets for diabetes research.
    KEYWORDS: caprine islets; streptozotocin‐injected mice; type 1 diabetes; xenotransplantation
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism*
  11. Fulltext Cabergoline effect on blood sugar in type 2 diabetic patients with oral agent failure
    Taghavi SM, Fatemi SS, Rokni H
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):390-2.
    PMID: 23082447
    Ergot-derived dopamine D2 receptor agonists are the usual treatment of hyperprolactinemia and Parkinson's disease and recently bromocriptine has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was the evaluation of short-term effect of cabergoline in poorly controlled diabetic patients with oral agent failure who refused insulin therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  12. Hypoglycemic effects of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) autolysates
    Sarmadi B, Aminuddin F, Hamid M, Saari N, Abdul-Hamid A, Ismail A
    Food Chem, 2012 Sep 15;134(2):905-11.
    PMID: 23107706 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.202
    Fat, alkaloid and polyphenol contents of two clones of cocoa (UIT1 and PBC 140) were removed and the remaining powder was autolyzed at pH 3.5 and 5.2. Based on the results, autolysates of UIT produced at pH 3.5 exhibited the highest ability to inhibit α-amylase activity. However, no α-glucosidase inhibition activity was observed under the conditions specified. Autolysates produced under pH 3.5 caused the highest amount of insulin secretion. In streptozotocin-diabetic rats, all cocoa autolysates significantly decreased blood glucose at 4h. To assure that the results from the assays were not due to the polyphenols of cocoa autolysates qualitative and quantitative tests were applied. According to their results cocoa autolysates were found to be free from polyphenols. Analysis of amino acid composition revealed that cocoa autolysates were abundant in hydrophobic amino acids. It can be suggested that besides other compounds of cocoa, its peptides and amino acids could contribute to its health benefits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  13. Production of lipids containing high levels of docosahexaenoic acid by a newly isolated microalga, Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101
    Hong WK, Rairakhwada D, Seo PS, Park SY, Hur BK, Kim CH, et al.
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2011 Aug;164(8):1468-80.
    PMID: 21424706 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9227-x
    In the present study, a novel oleaginous Thraustochytrid containing a high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was isolated from a mangrove ecosystem in Malaysia. The strain identified as an Aurantiochytrium sp. by 18S rRNA sequencing and named KRS101 used various carbon and nitrogen sources, indicating metabolic versatility. Optimal culture conditions, thus maximizing cell growth, and high levels of lipid and DHA production, were attained using glucose (60 g l⁻¹) as carbon source, corn steep solid (10 g l⁻¹) as nitrogen source, and sea salt (15 g l⁻¹). The highest biomass, lipid, and DHA production of KRS101 upon fed-batch fermentation were 50.2 g l⁻¹ (16.7 g l⁻¹ day⁻¹), 21.8 g l⁻¹ (44% DCW), and 8.8 g l⁻¹ (40% TFA), respectively. Similar values were obtained when a cheap substrate like molasses, rather than glucose, was used as the carbon source (DCW of 52.44 g l⁻¹, lipid and DHA levels of 20.2 and 8.83 g l⁻¹, respectively), indicating that production of microbial oils containing high levels of DHA can be produced economically when the novel strain is used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose/metabolism
  14. Fulltext Extrinsic factors involved in the differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells: an overview
    Wong RS
    Exp Diabetes Res, 2011;2011:406182.
    PMID: 21747828 DOI: 10.1155/2011/406182
    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with many debilitating complications. Treatment of diabetes mellitus mainly revolves around conventional oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin replacement therapy. Recently, scientists have turned their attention to the generation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from stem cells of various sources. To date, many types of stem cells of human and animal origins have been successfully turned into IPCs in vitro and have been shown to exert glucose-lowering effect in vivo. However, scientists are still faced with the challenge of producing a sufficient number of IPCs that can in turn produce sufficient insulin for clinical use. A careful choice of stem cells, methods, and extrinsic factors for induction may all be contributing factors to successful production of functional beta-islet like IPCs. It is also important that the mechanism of differentiation and mechanism by which IPCs correct hyperglycaemia are carefully studied before they are used in human subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose/metabolism
  15. Palm olein and olive oil cause a higher increase in postprandial lipemia compared with lard but had no effect on plasma glucose, insulin and adipocytokines
    Teng KT, Nagapan G, Cheng HM, Nesaretnam K
    Lipids, 2011 Apr;46(4):381-8.
    PMID: 21197586 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3516-y
    Postprandial lipemia impairs insulin sensitivity and triggers the pro-inflammatory state which may lead to the progression of cardiovascular diseases. A randomized, crossover single-blind study (n = 10 healthy men) was designed to compare the effects of a high-fat load (50 g fat), rich in palmitic acid from both plant (palm olein) or animal source (lard) versus an oleic acid-rich fat (virgin olive oil) on lipemia, plasma glucose, insulin and adipocytokines. Serum triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were significantly lower after the lard meal than after the olive oil and palm olein meals (meal effect P = 0.003; time effect P < 0.001). The greater reduction in the plasma non-esterified free fatty acids levels in the lard group compared to the olive oil meal was mirrored by the changes observed for serum TAG levels (P < 0.05). The magnitude of response for plasma glucose, insulin and adipocytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and leptin] were not altered by the type of dietary fats. A significant difference in plasma IL-1β was found over time following the three high fat loads (time effect P = 0.036). The physical characteristics and changes in TAG structure of lard may contribute to the smaller increase in postprandial lipemia compared with palm olein. A high fat load but not the type of fats influences concentrations of plasma IL-1β over time but had no effect on other pro-inflammatory markers tested in the postprandial state.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism*
  16. Fulltext Antidiabetic properties and mechanism of action of Gynura procumbens water extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Hassan Z, Yam MF, Ahmad M, Yusof AP
    Molecules, 2010;15(12):9008-23.
    PMID: 21150821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15129008
    Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr (family Compositae) is cultivated in Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, for medicinal purposes. This study evaluated the in vivo hypoglycemic properties of the water extract of G. procumbens following 14 days of treatment and in vitro in RIN-5F cells. Glucose absorption from the intestines and its glucose uptake in abdominal skeletal muscle were assessed. The antidiabetic effect of water extract of G. procumbens leaves was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed in diabetic rats treated with G. procumbens water extract for 14 days. In the IPGTT, blood was collected for insulin and blood glucose measurement. After the IPGTT, the pancreases were collected for immunohistochemical study of β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. The possible antidiabetic mechanisms of G. procumbens were assessed through in vitro RIN-5F cell study, intestinal glucose absorption and glucose uptake by muscle. The results showed that G. procumbens significantly decreased blood glucose levels after 14 days of treatment and improved outcome of the IPGTT. However, G. procumbens did not show a significant effect on insulin level either in the in vivo test or the in vitro RIN-5F cell culture study. G. procumbens also showed minimal effects on β-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. However, G. procumbens only significantly increased glucose uptake by muscle tissues. From the findings we can conclude that G. procumbens water extract exerted its hypoglycemic effect by promoting glucose uptake by muscles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose/metabolism
  17. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of the leaves of Tetracera scandens Linn. Merr. (Dilleniaceae) in alloxan induced diabetic rats
    Umar A, Ahmed QU, Muhammad BY, Dogarai BB, Soad SZ
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2010 Aug 19;131(1):140-5.
    PMID: 20600771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.016
    The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of the leaves of Tetracera scandens Linn. Merr. (Dilleniaceae) in vivo with regard to prove its efficacy by local herbalists in the treatment of diabetes frailties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  18. Isolation, density purification, and in vitro culture maintenance of functional caprine islets of Langerhans as an alternative islet source for diabetes study
    Hani H, Ibrahim TA, Othman AM, Lila MA, bt Allaudin ZN
    Xenotransplantation, 2010 12 17;17(6):469-80.
    PMID: 21158948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2010.00616.x
    BACKGROUND: Insufficient availability of human donors makes the search for alternative source of islet cells mandatory for future developments in pancreatic transplantation. The present study investigates the potential of caprine as an alternative source of pancreatic islets. The objectives of the study were to optimize techniques for caprine islet isolation and purification for culture establishment, and to subsequently assess their viable and functional potential.

    METHODS: Caprine pancreatic tissues were collected from a local slaughterhouse and prior transported to the laboratory by maintaining the cold chain. Islets were obtained by a collagenase-based digestion and optimized isolation technique. Islet cell purity and viability were determined by dithizone and trypan blue staining, respectively. Islet clusters of different sizes were positively identified by staining methods and demonstrated 90% viability in the culture system. Following static incubation, an in vitro insulin secretion assay was carried out and analyzed by ELISA.

    RESULTS: The islets remained satisfactorily viable for 5 days in the culture system following regular media changes. The current study has successfully optimized the isolation, purification and culture maintenance of caprine islets.

    CONCLUSION: The successful yield, viability and functionality of islets isolated from the optimized protocol provide promising potential as an alternative source of islets for diabetes and transplantation researches.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose/metabolism
  19. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from Malaysian foods and assessment of the isolates for industrial potential
    Mohd Adnan AF, Tan IK
    Bioresour Technol, 2007 May;98(7):1380-5.
    PMID: 16872826
    Two traditional fermented food 'tapai' (fermented tapioca) and 'tempoyak' (fermented durian flesh), chilli puree and fresh goat's milk were used as sources for the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). A total of 126 isolates were obtained and by sequential screening for catalase activity and Gram-staining, 55 were determined to be LAB out of which 16 were established to be homofermentative by the gel plug test. Seven isolates were identified by use of the API 50CHL kit and two lactobacilli strains and one lactococci strain were selected to study their growth and lactic acid production profiles in a time course experiment. The lactobacilli strains, both isolated from 'tapai', produced higher amounts of cells and lactic acid from glucose as compared to the lactococci strain isolated from fresh goat's milk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose/metabolism
  20. Comparison of maternal-fetal outcomes in gestational diabetes and lesser degrees of glucose intolerance
    Nordin NM, Wei JW, Naing NN, Symonds EM
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2006 Feb;32(1):107-14.
    PMID: 16445535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2006.00360.x
    AIM: To determine the relationships between maternal and fetal outcomes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), respectively.
    METHODS: A retrospective cohort study design was used with 149 patients with abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 149 normal patients. Statistical analysis used was the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test or the Student's t-test, as appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
    RESULTS: The level of hyperglycemia according to the OGTT (World Health Organization criteria) was associated with pre-eclampsia, polyhydramnios and macrosomia in GDM patients. There was no increase in the complications of preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes, despite the increased risk of polyhydramnios. Although treated with insulin, macrosomia still occurred in patients with GDM, but there was no shoulder dystocia as there was an increase in the incidence of cesarean section (CS). The IGT group was not associated with adverse fetal or maternal outcomes, but there was an increase in intervention and the incidence of CS. The IFG group was associated with a significantly increased risk of pre-eclampsia and macrosomia. These findings challenge the concept of IFG being a lesser pathology than GDM. Further prospective studies with a larger number of patients are needed to ascertain the significance of these findings.
    CONCLUSION: There was an increased risk of pre-eclampsia and macrosomia in both the GDM and IFG patients, but IGT was not associated with adverse fetal or maternal outcomes.
    Study site: Maternity Hospital Kuala Lumpur (MHKL), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
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