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Multi-elemental composition and physical properties of honey samples from Malaysia

Chua LS, Abdul-Rahaman NL, Sarmidi MR, Aziz R

Food Chem, 2012 Dec 1;135(3):880-7.
PMID: 22953800 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.106

The elemental profiles of six honey samples from Malaysia had been constructed using the data obtained from both ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Potassium and sodium were the most abundant minerals covering from 69.3-78.6% and 14.1-28.7%, respectively. The ratio of potassium to sodium was more than one. Even though the minerals and trace elements composition varied dependent on the type of honey samples, there was no statistically significant difference between the analysed honey samples, namely tualang, gelam, acacia and a few forest honeys based on two-factor ANOVA and cluster analysis. The total element content of honey samples were strongly correlated with the electrical conductivity, but only have moderate correlation with the ash content and honey colour based on the regression analysis. PCA result on the available elemental data from worldwide honeys, including honey samples from Malaysia revealed that potassium and sodium were the mineral markers to distinguish honey origin. Both tualang and gelam honey samples from Malaysia have close mineral profile with sesame honeys from Egypt and multifloral honeys from India, whereas forest honeys Malaysia were near to avocado honeys from Spain and multifloral honeys from India.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey/analysis*
Discrimination of Malaysian stingless bee honey from different entomological origins based on physicochemical properties and volatile compound profiles using chemometrics and machine learning

Sharin SN, Sani MSA, Jaafar MA, Yuswan MH, Kassim NK, Manaf YN, et al.

Food Chem, 2021 Jun 01;346:128654.
PMID: 33461823 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128654

Identification of honey origin based on specific chemical markers is important for honey authentication. This study is aimed to differentiate Malaysian stingless bee honey from different entomological origins (Heterotrigona bakeri, Geniotrigona thoracica and Tetrigona binghami) based on physicochemical properties (pH, moisture content, ash, total soluble solid and electrical conductivity) and volatile compound profiles. The discrimination pattern of 75 honey samples was observed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA), Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The profiles of H. bakeri and G. thoracica honey were close to each other, but clearly separated from T. binghami honey, consistent with their phylogenetic relationship. T. binghami honey is marked by significantly higher electrical conductivity, moisture and ash content, and high abundance of 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-acetaldehyde and ethyl 2-(5-methyl-5-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propan-2-yl carbonate. Copaene was proposed as chemical marker for G. thoracica honey. The potential of different parameters that aid in honey authentication was highlighted.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey/analysis*
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for the extraction and clean-up of thiamethoxam and thiacloprid in light and dark honey

Abdulhussein AQ, Jamil AKM, Bakar NKA

Food Chem, 2021 Oct 15;359:129936.
PMID: 33957328 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129936

In this work, new selective and sensitive dual-template molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIPs) were synthesized and characterized. Sorbent MIPs were investigated for simultaneous extraction and clean-up of thiamethoxam and thiacloprid from light and dark honey samples. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry triple-quadrupole (UHPLC-MS/MS) (QQQ) was used to detect and quantify the pesticides. The kinetic model with adsorption kinetics of sorbent was investigated. The optimal adsorption conditions were 80 mg of polymer MIPs, a 30-min extraction time, and a pH of 7. The detection limit (LOD) and the quantification limit (LOQ) varied from 0.045 to 0.070 µg kg-1 and from 0.07 to 0.10 µg kg-1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD, %) ranged from 1.3 to 2.0% and from 8.2 to 12.0%, respectively. The recovery of thiamethoxam and thiacloprid ranged from 96.8 to 106.5% and 95.3 to 104.4%, respectively, in light and dark honey samples.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey/analysis*
Graphene-magnetite as adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in stingless bee honey

Musa M, Wan Ibrahim WA, Mohd Marsin F, Abdul Keyon AS, Rashidi Nodeh H

Food Chem, 2018 Nov 01;265:165-172.
PMID: 29884368 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.020

Graphene-magnetite composite (G-Fe3O4) was successfully synthesized and applied as adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of two phenolic acids namely 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHB) from stingless bee honey prior to analysis using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible detection (HPLC-UV/Vis). Several MSPE parameters affecting extraction of these two acids were optimized. Optimum MSPE conditions were 50 mg of G-Fe3O4 adsorbent, 5 min extraction time at 1600 rpm, 30 mL sample volume, sample solution pH 0.5, 200 µL methanol as desorption solvent (5 min sonication assisted) and 5% w/v NaCl. The LODs (3 S/N) calculated for 4-HB and 3,4-DHB were 0.08 and 0.14 µg/g, respectively. Good relative recoveries (72.6-110.6%) and reproducibility values (RSD 

Matched MeSH terms: Honey/analysis*
Unique physicochemical properties and rare reducing sugar trehalulose mandate new international regulation for stingless bee honey

Zawawi N, Zhang J, Hungerford NL, Yates HSA, Webber DC, Farrell M, et al.

Food Chem, 2022 Mar 30;373(Pt B):131566.
PMID: 34823933 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131566

Stingless bee honey (SBH) of four stingless bee species (Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, Tetragonula carbonaria, and Tetragonula hockingsi) from two geographic regions (Malaysia and Australia, n = 36) were studied for their physicochemical parameters, including total phenolic and multi-elemental contents. Sugar analysis confirmed the prominent presence of trehalulose in all samples. All SBH failed to meet the CODEX Standard for honey moisture, free acidity, and total fructose plus glucose levels. One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical component analysis (HCA) confirm distinctive differences between Australian and Malaysian SBH with Australian SBH having significantly (P

Matched MeSH terms: Honey*
A simple approach for rapid detection and quantification of adulterants in stingless bees (Heterotrigona itama) honey

Se KW, Ghoshal SK, Wahab RA, Ibrahim RKR, Lani MN

Food Res Int, 2018 03;105:453-460.
PMID: 29433236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.012

In this study, we propose an easy approach by combining the Fourier transform infrared and attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy together with chemometrics analysis for rapid detection and accurate quantification of five adulterants such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, corn syrup and cane sugar in stingless bees (Heterotrigona itama) honey harvested in Malaysia. Adulterants were classified using principal component analysis and soft independent modeling class analogy, where the first derivative of the spectra in the wavenumber range of 1180-750cm-1 was utilized. The protocol could satisfactorily discriminate the stingless bees honey samples that were adulterated with the concentrations of corn syrup above 8% (w/w) and cane sugar over 2% (w/w). Feasibility of integrating FTIR-ATR with chemometrics for precise quantification of the five adulterants was affirmed using partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis. The study found that optimal PLSR analysis achieved standard error of calibrations and standard error of predictions within an acceptable range of 0.686-1.087% and 0.581-1.489%, respectively, indicating good predictive capability. Hence, the method developed here for detecting and quantifying adulteration in H. itama honey samples is accurate and rapid, requiring only 7-8min to complete as compared to 3h for the standard method, AOAC method 998.12.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Thermosonication and optimization of stingless bee honey processing

Chong KY, Chin NL, Yusof YA

Food Sci Technol Int, 2017 Oct;23(7):608-622.
PMID: 28614964 DOI: 10.1177/1082013217713331

The effects of thermosonication on the quality of a stingless bee honey, the Kelulut, were studied using processing temperature from 45 to 90 ℃ and processing time from 30 to 120 minutes. Physicochemical properties including water activity, moisture content, color intensity, viscosity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, total phenolic content, and radical scavenging activity were determined. Thermosonication reduced the water activity and moisture content by 7.9% and 16.6%, respectively, compared to 3.5% and 6.9% for conventional heating. For thermosonicated honey, color intensity increased by 68.2%, viscosity increased by 275.0%, total phenolic content increased by 58.1%, and radical scavenging activity increased by 63.0% when compared to its raw form. The increase of hydroxymethylfurfural to 62.46 mg/kg was still within the limits of international standards. Optimized thermosonication conditions using response surface methodology were predicted at 90 ℃ for 111 minutes. Thermosonication was revealed as an effective alternative technique for honey processing.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey/analysis*
Honey use in burn management: potentials and limitations

Boukraâ L, Sulaiman SA

Forsch Komplementmed, 2010 Apr;17(2):74-80.
PMID: 20484914 DOI: 10.1159/000297213

Management of the burn wound still remains a matter of debate, and an ideal dressing for burn wounds has not yet been discovered. Naturally occurring substances such as honey have been found to be useful as a wound cover for burns. Unlike most conventional local chemotherapeutics, honey does not lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and it may be used continuously. Among the challenging problems of using honey for medical purposes are dosage, safety, and formulation. Many approaches have been suggested to overcome such problems. With the increased availability of licensed medical products containing honey, clinical use is expected to increase and further evidence will become available. Honey seems to have the potential to clear infection as well as to be an effective prophylactic agent that may contribute to reducing the risks of cross-infection. A better understanding of the therapeutic and chemical properties of honey is needed to optimise the use of this product in the clinical management of burns. Its use in professional care centres should be limited to those with certified healing activities. The potentials and limitations of using honey as burn dressing are discussed in this review.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey*
Fulltext Modulation of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) by Gelam honey in bilateral oophorectomized rats

Ismail NH, Ibrahim SF, Mokhtar MH, Yahaya A, Zulkefli AF, Ankasha SJ, et al.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2023;14:1031066.
PMID: 36923220 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1031066

INTRODUCTION: Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common condition in post-menopausal women. Symptoms of VVA include dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, vaginal and/or vulvar itching, burning and soreness, dysuria and vaginal bleeding accompanying sexual activity. These symptoms are physiological responses to hypoestrogenicity, inducing atrophy of the vagina epithelia and sudden reduction in mucous production. Prevailing therapy for VVA is hormone replacement therapy (HRT), notably estrogen, progesterone or a combination of the two. However, using HRT is associated with an increased incidence of breast and endometrial cancer, venous thromboembolism in the lungs and legs, stroke and cardiovascular complications.
METHODS: This study evaluated Malaysian Gelam honey as a nutraceutical alternative to estrogen HRT (ERT) in alleviating VVA. A total of 24 female 8-weekold Sprague Dawley rats underwent bilateral oophorectomy. A minimum of 14 days elapsed from the time of surgery and administration of the first dose of Gelam honey to allow the female hormones to subside to a stable baseline and complete recovery from surgery. Vaginal tissues were harvested following a 2-week administration of Gelam honey, the harvested vagina tissue underwent immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis for protein localization and qPCR for mRNA expression analysis.
RESULTS: Results indicated that Gelam honey administration had increased the localization of Aqp1, Aqp5, CFTR and Muc1 proteins in vaginal tissue compared to the menopause group. The effect of Gelam honey on the protein expressions is summarized as Aqp1>CFTR>Aqp5>Muc1.
DISCUSSION: Gene expression analysis reveals Gelam honey had no effect on Aqp1 and CFTR genes. Gelam honey had up-regulated Aqp5 gene expression. However, its expression was lower than in the ERT+Ovx group. Additionally, Gelam honey up-regulated Muc1 in the vagina, with an expression level higher than those observed either in the ERT+Ovx or SC groups. Gelam honey exhibits a weak estrogenic effect on the genes and proteins responsible for regulating water in the vaginal tissue (Aqp1, Aqp5 and CFTR). In contrast, Gelam honey exhibits a strong estrogenic ability in influencing gene and protein expression for the sialic acid Muc1. Muc1 is associated with mucous production at the vaginal epithelial layer. In conclusion, the protein and gene expression changes in the vagina by Gelam honey had reduced the occurrence of vaginal atrophy in surgically-induced menopause models.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey*
The Potential use of Honey as a Remedy for Allergic Diseases: A Mini Review

Aw Yong PY, Islam F, Harith HH, Israf DA, Tan JW, Tham CL

Front Pharmacol, 2020;11:599080.
PMID: 33574752 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599080

Honey has been conventionally consumed as food. However, its therapeutic properties have also gained much attention due to its application as a traditional medicine. Therapeutic properties of honey such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and wound healing have been widely reported. A number of interesting studies have reported the potential use of honey in the management of allergic diseases. Allergic diseases including anaphylaxis, asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are threatening around 20% of the world population. Although allergic reactions are somehow controllable with different drugs such as antihistamines, corticosteroids and mast cell stabilizers, modern dietary changes linked with allergic diseases have prompted studies to assess the preventive and therapeutic merits of dietary nutrients including honey. Many scientific evidences have shown that honey is able to relieve the pathological status and regulate the recruitment of inflammatory cells in cellular and animal models of allergic diseases. Clinically, a few studies demonstrated alleviation of allergic symptoms in patients after application or consumption of honey. Therefore, the objective of this mini review is to discuss the effectiveness of honey as a treatment or preventive approach for various allergic diseases. This mini review will provide insights into the potential use of honey in the management of allergic diseases in clinical settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Fulltext Tualang honey supplementation as cognitive enhancer in patients with schizophrenia

Yahaya R, Zahary MN, Othman Z, Ismail R, Nik Him NAS, Abd Aziz A, et al.

Heliyon, 2020 May;6(5):e03948.
PMID: 32426546 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03948

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness with clusters of symptoms, including cognitive impairment. This study aimed to explore the effect of Tualang Honey (TH) on cognitive domains, especially as it pertained to the verbal memory of schizophrenia patients.
Method: This was a cross-sectional study involved 80 individuals, diagnosed with schizophrenia. The Malay Version Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MVAVLT) was used. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.0 software. Intention to treat analysis was applied.
Result: A comparison of the total learning score at eight weeks between the two groups based on time effect and time-treatment interaction favoured TH group.
Conclusion: This study concludes that by supplementing schizophrenia patients with 8-week of TH did improve total learning performance across domains in the immediate memory among patients with schizophrenia.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Fulltext Wound care with traditional, complementary and alternative medicine

Dorai AA

Indian J Plast Surg, 2012 May;45(2):418-24.
PMID: 23162243 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.101331

Wound care is constantly evolving with the advances in medicine. Search for the ideal dressing material still continues as wound care professionals are faced with several challenges. Due to the emergence of multi-resistant organisms and a decrease in newer antibiotics, wound care professionals have revisited the ancient healing methods by using traditional and alternative medicine in wound management. People's perception towards traditional medicine has also changed and is very encouraging. The concept of moist wound healing has been well accepted and traditional medicine has also incorporated this method to fasten the healing process. Several studies using herbal and traditional medicine from different continents have been documented in wound care management. Honey has been used extensively in wound care practice with excellent results. Recent scientific evidences and clinical trials conducted using traditional and alternative medicine in wound therapy holds good promise in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Fulltext Metabarcoding in Diet Assessment of Heterotrigona itama Based on trnL Marker towards Domestication Program

Fahimee J, Badrulisham AS, Zulidzham MS, Reward NF, Muzammil N, Jajuli R, et al.

Insects, 2021 Feb 28;12(3).
PMID: 33671045 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030205

Honey quality is the main criterion used for evaluating honey production in the stingless bee Heterotrigona itama, and it is correlated with the plant species consumed as its main diet. The objective of this study was to obtain the metabarcode data from 12 populations of H. itama species throughout Malaysia (Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia) using the trnL marker. A total of 262 species under 70 families and five phyla of plants were foraged by H. itama in the studied populations. Spermatophyta and Magnoliophyta were recorded as the two most abundant phyla foraged, at 55.95% and 32.39%, respectively. Four species, Garcinia oblongifolia, Muntingia calabura, Mallotus pellatus, and Pinus squamata, occurred abundantly and were consumed by H. itama in all the populations. These data are considered as a fundamental finding that is specific to the diet of H. itama for strategizing the management of the domestication process specifically in a mono-cropping system and in a netted structure. Thus, based on these findings, we recommend Momordica charantia, Melastoma sp., and Cucumis sativa as the best choices of food plant species to be planted and utilized by H. itama in meliponiculture.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Fulltext Response surface optimisation and antioxidant characterisation of high antioxidant soft jelly prepared from Baccaurea angulata fruit juice and Trigona sp. honey using central composite design

Mat Alewi, N. A., Ibrahim, M., Md Isa, M. L., Abdull Rasad, M. S. B., Abdul Rafa, A. A., Anuar, M. N. N.

International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(3):454-464.
MyJurnal

The optimum combination of Baccaurea angulata fruit juice (X1: 15 - 85 ratio) and Trigona sp. honey (TH) (X2: 15 - 85 ratio) in developing a high antioxidant soft jelly was investigated based
on the antioxidant capacity (Y1), phenolic (Y2), and flavonoid (Y3) content. Response surface
methodology (RSM), via central composite design (CCD), was used to produce optimal combination effects of the two independent variables (B. angulata fruit juice and TH) for highest
recovery of antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content
(TFC). The polynomial models generated were satisfactory. The lack-of-fit test were higher
than p > 0.05 for all three analyses, signifying the suitability of the models in accurately predicting the variations. Predicted values of the analysis agreed with those of the experimental values.
An optimum combination of B. angulata fruit juice and TH was developed (ratio 40:40). The
sample also exhibited significant FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Several
polyphenols were identified for the samples through UHPLC-MS/MS. In conclusion, B. angulata and Trigona sp. honey have high potentials to be used in fortifying the soft jelly samples,
making them prospective food supplements due to their nutritional and health benefits.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Fulltext Evaluation of physicochemical changes of spray-dried honey jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) powder during storage

Wong, C. W., Leow, R. K. S., Lim, W. Y., Siew, Z. Z.

International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(2):366-375.
MyJurnal

The present work was undertaken to investigate the effect of different packaging materials, namely polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and aluminium laminated polyethylene (ALP) on the physicochemical properties and microbiological stability of spray-dried honey jackfruit powder over seven weeks of storage at 38 ± 2°C and 90% relative humidity. The moisture content of honey jackfruit powder packaged in PET was doubled (12.32%) than of those packaged in ALP (5.31%). The water activity (aw) of the powders were lower than 0.6 for both packaging materials, thus considered shelf-stable. Hygroscopicity increased up to 42.44 and 39.84% for powder packaged in PET and ALP, respectively. The angle of repose for powders flowability increased to 19° (ALP) and 28° (PET), which indicated that the powders flowabili- ty significantly decreased upon storage. The degree of caking for powder packaged in ALP (43.69%) was much less severe than that of PET (84.51%). Powder packaged in ALP showed good solubility (81.07 - 99.01%) and satisfactory microbiological results (< log 2.58 CFU/g). The results recommended that ALP packaging was better suited for keeping spray-dried honey jackfruit powder.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Fulltext Development and physico-chemical analysis of granola formulated with puffed glutinous rice and selected dried Sunnah foods

Agbaje, R., Hassan, C. Z., Norlelawati, A., Huda-Faujan, N., Abdul Rahman, A.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(2):498-506.
MyJurnal

The need for nutritional and functional foods has increased. Consumers, these days, do not
eat snacks only to provide satisfaction for their hunger, but also to supply essential nutrients
to body. The objective of this study was to develop six formulations of granolas/cereal bars
using different combination of Sunnah fruits such as dates (Phoenix dactylifera), raisins (Vitis
vinifera L.) and figs (Ficus carica). The cereal bars were formulated using dry raw materials
(glutinous rice, black Cummins, etc.) and binding agents (honey and glucose syrup). The cereal
bars were assessed for water activity and proximate composition. It was observed that the
sample B, made with 70 g of glucose syrup, 100 g honey and 450 g of total fruits had the
highest value of moisture (18.73%) as compared to other formulations (P˂ 0.05). There were no
differences in protein contents of the cereal bars formulated. Ash contents of the formulations
were significantly different (P˂ 0.05) in samples B and F; the values ranged between 0.97%
and 1.88%. The fat contents were significantly different with formulation B having the highest
fat content (10.72%) and carbohydrate contents were affected by fibre contents; samples with
lower crude fibres had higher carbohydrate contents which also reflect in the energy contents
of the granola/cereal bar samples. Lowest aw (water activity) was observed in the samples with
lower fruit contents which could be as a result of their lower moisture contents. According to
the results, incorporation of glutinous rice flakes with different composition Sunnah foods and
binding agents; honey and glucose syrup can be used to formulate cereal bars with appreciable
proximate and energy contents.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Fulltext Fructooligosaccharides in honey and effects of honey on growth of Bifidobacterium longum BB 53

International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(3):557-561.
MyJurnal

This research was carried out to determine the fructooligosaccharides content in local honey samples, namely the wild Malaysian Tualang honey and common wild honey obtained from Tapah, Perak and a commercial Tualang honey. Local wild honeys were found to contain a higher concentration of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) compared to the commercial Tualang honey. The FOS quantified from local wild honeys was inulobiose, kestose and nystose. Nystoses were found at a very low amount in the commercial Tualang honey. The effects of honey on the growth of Bifidobacterium longum BB 536 were investigated. Both wild and commercial honey samples including FOS standard were found to support the growth of B. longum. The pH value of the skim milk + honey inoculated with the probiotic strain decreases as expected. Addition of honey was found to support the growth of B. longum BB 536.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Fulltext Antioxidative and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor potential of selected honey of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Philip, Y., Mohd Fadzelly, A. B.

International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(5):1953-1960.
MyJurnal

Honey is a sweet substance that can be obtain from flower nectar and secretes through transformations process by honey bees. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities of 4 wild honey (wild honey produced by different species of bees: Apis cerana, Apis andreniformis, Apis koschevnikovi and Apis nuluensis) collected from the secondary forest and 6 commercial (young and old Mangrove, young and old Upper mountain, Tropical, Potiukan) honey of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Antioxidant activities were determined using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), DPPH free radical scavenging and ABTS decolourization assays. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition effect was determined by enzyme inhibition method. The results of this study showed that wild honey produced by A.cerana collected from the Acacia tree extracted using 80% methanol displayed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ABTS decolorization assays. Whereas wild honey produced by A.nuluensis collected from the Chestnut tree extracted using 80% methanol displayed the highest FRAP activity. The wild honey produced by A. nuluensis also displayed the highest acetylcholinesterase properties as the antioxidant compounds contributed to the inhibitory properties of the enzyme. Manuka honey (produced from tea tree) found to be higher in antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase properties as compared to all other samples. The same trend of bioactivity was also observed in absolute methanol extracts. Strong positive correlation was found between antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase activity. Therefore, honey has the potential as natural antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition sources with promising potential benefits to human’s health.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Fulltext Effect of thermal treatment on the biochemical composition of tropical honey samples

Chua, L. S., Adnan, N. A., Abdul-Rahaman, N. L., Sarmidi, M. R.

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(2):773-778.
MyJurnal

Honey is usually subjected to filtration and heating for bottling before commercialization. However, there is no standard procedure available for thermal treatment on honey. Honey is thermally heated at various temperature and duration based on individual experience to prolong the shelf life of honey in the market. The heating methods might decrease the biochemical components such as nutrients, enzymatic activities and vitamins to certain extent. In addition to water reduction, thermal treatment on sugar rich honey usually accompanied by the formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In the present study, the biochemical components in three commonly consumed honey in Malaysia, namely tualang, gelam and acacia honey were investigated before and after thermal treatment at 90oC for 30 min. The short period of heating time was found to degrade nutrients, enzymatic activities and water soluble vitamins in honey. The degradation of protein and enzyme via proteolytic digestion had attributed to the increase of free amino acids in honey. Based on the multivariate analysis, the most thermally affected biochemical components are crude fat, panthotenic acid (Vitamin B5) and diastase activity which explain for 86.4% of the total variance. The kinetic studies on the HMF formation revealed that the honey samples followed zero order kinetic model for the first 60 min of heating at 90oC. The findings indicate that the temperature and duration of heating during honey processing is essential to be investigated according to the honey origin. The initial biochemical composition of honey would affect the kinetic profile of HMF formation.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey
Fulltext Short-term consumption of Gelam honey reduces Triglyceride level

Samat, S., Mohd Nor, N., Hussein, F. N., Eshak, Z., Ismail, W. I. W.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1519-1524.
MyJurnal

The study was carried out to evaluate short-term administration of Gelam honey. A single oral
administration of the honey at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight on male Sprague Dawley rats
(test group) for 14 days did not produce any signs of toxicity, behavioral changes, mortality, changes on gross appearance or histopathological changes of internal organs. The examinations
of signs, animal behavior and health monitoring showed no abnormalities in the test group as
compared to the rats unfed with the honey (control group). The test group had progressive increased both body weight and in the meal pattern analysis. However, triglycerides level was found significantly decreased in the test group. It suggested that the honey might have a decent effect in controlling the blood triglyceride level. Polyphenol contents in the honey may play the role to reduce the trigyceride level. Biochemical test for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), urea, creatinine, cholesterol and glucose of rats in the test group were in the normal range compared to the control. There were no significant changes in the absolute and relative organ weight between the two groups. As a conclusion, tested dose of Gelam honey is safe and has medical potential. Meanwhile, lethal dose (LD50) of the honey was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. Long period of Gelam honey consumption should be conducted to observe and confirm those effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Honey

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