MyMedR

The findings of a cholera epidemic in Krian district is reported. There were 77 cases and 92 carriers in the epidemic. Although the three main ethnic groups of Malays, Chinese and Indians were involved in the epidemic, the Malays constituted majority of the cases and carriers. The overall infection rate and case attack rate was higher among the younger population. The case: carrier ratio was also higher among the younger population especially among Indians. Various reasons and probable causes of the epidemic have been described briefly.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Birth weight distribution, mean birth weights, and Low Birth Weights among various ethnic groups in Malaysian newborns

Yadav H

Singapore Med J, 1983 Jun;24(3):145-9.

PMID: 6635677

The birth weight distribution, mean birth weight and incidence of LBW amongst the various ethnic groups in Malaysia is described briefly. The data collected and analysed is hospital data where all deliveries in 1980 were analysed. The mean birth weight showed that the Chinese had the highest Mean Birth Weight amongst the three ethnic groups and the Indians had the lowest mean birth weights. The overall incidence of LBW was 11.8% and the Malay and Indian babies constituted the high
incidence of LBW whereas the Chinese had a low incidence of LBW babies in the study. Amongst the various ethnic groups the Indians had a higher incidence of LBW compared to the Chinese and Malays.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Analysis of infant cry through weighted linear prediction cepstral coefficients and Probabilistic Neural Network

Hariharan M, Chee LS, Yaacob S

J Med Syst, 2012 Jun;36(3):1309-15.

PMID: 20844933 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-010-9591-z

Acoustic analysis of infant cry signals has been proven to be an excellent tool in the area of automatic detection of pathological status of an infant. This paper investigates the application of parameter weighting for linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCCs) to provide the robust representation of infant cry signals. Three classes of infant cry signals were considered such as normal cry signals, cry signals from deaf babies and babies with asphyxia. A Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) is suggested to classify the infant cry signals into normal and pathological cries. PNN is trained with different spread factor or smoothing parameter to obtain better classification accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested features and classification algorithms give very promising classification accuracy of above 98% and it expounds that the suggested method can be used to help medical professionals for diagnosing pathological status of an infant from cry signals.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Congenital posterior mediastinal teratoma--a case report

Harun MH, Yaacob I

Singapore Med J, 1993 Dec;34(6):567-8.

PMID: 8153729

Almost all mediastinal teratomas are found in the anterior mediastinum. We describe a case of a 41-day-old baby girl who had teratoma in the posterior mediastinum. She presented at the age of 6 days with the problem of progressive jaundice and was found to have septicaemia. During septic screening, chest X-ray revealed a mass in the right mediastinum. Ultrasound and CT-scan of the chest showed a multiloculated mass at the right posterior mediastinum. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the mass confirmed a teratoma.
Study site: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

A hospital-based surveillance for Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia

Kari K, Liu W, Gautama K, Mammen MP, Clemens JD, Nisalak A, et al.

BMC Med, 2006;4:8.

PMID: 16603053

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is presumed to be endemic throughout Asia, yet only a few cases have been reported in tropical Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. To estimate the true disease burden due to JE in this region, we conducted a prospective, hospital-based surveillance with a catchment population of 599,120 children less than 12 years of age in Bali, Indonesia, from July 2001 through December 2003.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Prevention of Hypercholesterolemia with "Liposomes in Microspheres" Composite Carriers: A Promising Approach for Intestinal-Targeted Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin

Liu A, He M, Liu C, Ye Z, Tan CP, Liu Y, et al.

J Agric Food Chem, 2024 Mar 27;72(12):6118-6132.

PMID: 38477232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08697

Cardiovascular diseases are caused by hypercholesterolemia. Astaxanthin (AST) has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its bioavailability is poor because of low solubility and instability. In order to improve the bioavailability of AST, we developed an intestinal-responsive composite carrier termed as "liposomes in micropheres" incorporating N-succinyl-chitosan (NSC)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) liposomes that functionalized by neonatal Fc receptors (FcRn) into hydrogels of sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). In the AST NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes@SA/CMCS microspheres, the AST's encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 96.26% (w/w) and its loading capacity (LC) was 6.47% (w/w). AST NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes had stability in the gastric conditions and achieved long-term release of AST in intestinal conditions. Then, AST NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes@SA/CMCS bind to intestinal epithelial cell targets by the neonatal Fc receptor. In vitro permeation studies show that there was a 4-fold increase of AST NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes@SA/CMCS in AST permeation across the intestinal epithelium. Subsequent in vivo experiments demonstrated that the composite carrier exhibited a remarkable mucoadhesive capacity, allowing for extended intestinal retention of up to 12 h, and it displayed deep penetration through the mucus layer, efficiently entering the intestinal villi epithelial cells, and enhancing the absorption of AST and its bioavailability in vivo. And oral administration of AST NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes@SA/CMCS could effectively prevent hypercholesterolemia caused by a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD). These advancements highlight the potential of NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes@SA/CMCS composite carriers for targeted and oral uptake of hydrophobic bioactives.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Audit of newborn screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism

Zarina AL, Rahmah R, Bador KM, Ng SF, Wu LL

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Oct;63(4):325-8.

PMID: 19385494 MyJurnal

Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) was implemented in Hospital UKM in December 2004 using cord blood sample. From the audit over a period of 25 months, a total of 13,875 newborn babies were screened with a coverage of 98.8%. From this cohort, the mean recall rate was 0.32%; unfortunately the mean percentage of recalled babies that came for retesting was only 79.5%. In addition, the mean sample rejection rate was high, i.e. 2.2%. Two babies were diagnosed to have CH. These findings implied that whilst the coverage of screening was good, there is a need for regular surveillance of performance of both clinical and laboratory personnel. In addition, a more concerted effort should be carried out to promote community awareness of such a programme.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Persistent neonatal hypoglycaemia as a result of hypoplastic pituitary gland

Yong SC, Boo NY, Wu LL

Br J Hosp Med (Lond), 2006 Jun;67(6):326.

PMID: 16821748 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2006.67.6.21296

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Case series of testicular adrenal rest tumours in boys with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A single centre experience

Karen Leong SW, Wu LL

Med J Malaysia, 2019 02;74(1):92-93.

PMID: 30846672

Testicular adrenal rest tumours (TART) are aberrant adrenal tissue within the testes (1). Although benign, they can lead to obstruction of the seminiferous tubules and infertility in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). We report six boys who developed TART, a complication of CAH. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound and testicular vein sampling of elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels. Glucocorticoids dosages were increased 1½-2 folds to suppress size of the aberrant adrenal tissues. Despite reductions in 17-OHP, the lesions remained unchanged. Three patients had testis-sparing surgery to excise the TART and to preserve normal testicular tissues.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Three cases of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus: genotypes and management outcome

Ooi HL, Wu LL

Singapore Med J, 2012 Jul;53(7):e142-4.

PMID: 22815030

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as insulin-requiring DM in the first six months of life. Unlike type 1 DM, it is a monogenic disorder resulting from a de novo mutation in the genes involved in the development of the pancreas, β-cell mass or secretory function. The majority of neonatal DM cases are caused by a heterozygous activating mutation in the KCNJ11 or ABCC8 genes that encode the Kir6.2 and SUR1 protein subunits, respectively, in the KATP channel. Sulphonylurea, a KATP channel inhibitor, can restore insulin secretion, hence offering an attractive alternative to insulin therapy. We report three cases of neonatal DM and their genetic mutations. Two patients were successfully switched over to sulphonylurea monotherapy with resultant improvement in the quality of life and a more stable blood glucose profile. Patients with neonatal DM should undergo genetic evaluation. For patients with KCNJ11 and ABCC8 gene mutation, oral sulphonylurea should be considered.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Penile length of term newborn infants in multiracial Malaysia

Ting TH, Wu LL

Singapore Med J, 2009 Aug;50(8):817-21.

PMID: 19710983

Micropenis may be an important sign of underlying hypogonadism or pituitary hypofunction in the neonatal period. Penile lengths of normal newborns have been reported in many Western populations. However, the data may not be applicable in the Asian or the multiracial Malaysian population. Our study aimed to establish the normal penile length and testicular volume in term newborn infants in the major ethnic groups in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Influenza-associated excess mortality in the Philippines, 2006-2015

Cheng KJG, Rivera AS, Lam HY, Ulitin AR, Nealon J, Dizon R, et al.

PLoS One, 2020;15(6):e0234715.

PMID: 32555618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234715

Influenza-associated mortality has not been quantified in the Philippines. Here, we constructed multiple negative binomial regression models to estimate the overall and age-specific excess mortality rates (EMRs) associated with influenza in the Philippines from 2006 to 2015. The regression analyses used all-cause mortality as the dependent variable and meteorological controls, time, influenza A and B positivity rates (lagged for up to two time periods), and annual and semiannual cyclical seasonality controls as independent variables. The regression models closely matched observed all-cause mortality. Influenza was estimated to account for a mean of 5,347 excess deaths per year (1.1% of annual all-cause deaths) in the Philippines, most of which (67.1%) occurred in adults aged ≥60 years. Influenza A accounted for 85.7% of all estimated excess influenza deaths. The annual estimated influenza-attributable EMR was 5.09 (95% CI: 2.20-5.09) per 100,000 individuals. The EMR was highest for individuals aged ≥60 years (44.63 [95% CI: 4.51-44.69] per 100,000), second highest for children aged less than 5 years (2.14 [95% CI: 0.44-2.19] per 100,000), and lowest for individuals aged 10 to 19 years (0.48 [95% CI: 0.10-0.50] per 100,000). Estimated numbers of excess influenza-associated deaths were considerably higher than the numbers of influenza deaths registered nationally. Our results suggest that influenza causes considerable mortality in the Philippines-to an extent far greater than observed from national statistics-especially among older adults and young children.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Recessive distal renal tubular acidosis in Sarawak caused by AE1 mutations

Choo KE, Nicoli TK, Bruce LJ, Tanner MJ, Ruiz-Linares A, Wrong OM

Pediatr Nephrol, 2006 Feb;21(2):212-7.

PMID: 16252102

Mutations of the AE1 (SLC4A1, Anion-Exchanger 1) gene that codes for band 3, the renal and red cell anion exchanger, are responsible for many cases of familial distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). In Southeast Asia this disease is usually recessive, caused either by homozygosity of a single AE1 mutation or by compound heterozygosity of two different AE1 mutations. We describe two unrelated boys in Sarawak with dRTA associated with compound heterozygosity of AE1 mutations. Both had Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO), a morphological abnormality of red cells caused by a deletion of band 3 residues 400-408. In addition, one boy had a DNA sequence abnormality of band 3 residue (G701D), which has been reported from elsewhere in Southeast Asia. The other boy had the novel sequence abnormality of band 3 (Q759H) and profound hemolytic anemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

3-Methylglutaconic aciduria, a frequent but underrecognized finding in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency

Rokicki D, Pajdowska M, Trubicka J, Thong MK, Ciara E, Piekutowska-Abramczuk D, et al.

Clin Chim Acta, 2017 Aug;471:95-100.

PMID: 28526534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.05.023

The urea cycle disorder carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency is an important differential diagnosis in the encephalopathic neonate. This intoxication type inborn error of metabolism often leads to neonatal death or severe and irreversible damage of the central nervous system, even despite appropriate treatment. Timely diagnosis is crucial, but can be difficult on routine metabolite level. Here, we report ten neonates from eight families (finally) diagnosed with CPS1 deficiency at three tertiary metabolic centres. In seven of them the laboratory findings were dominated by significantly elevated urinary 3-methylglutaconic acid levels which complicated the diagnostic process. Our findings are both important for the differential diagnosis of patients with urea cycle disorders and also broaden the differential diagnosis of hyperammonemia associated with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, which was earlier only reported in TMEM70 and SERAC1 defect.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Progressive deafness-dystonia due to SERAC1 mutations: A study of 67 cases

Maas RR, Iwanicka-Pronicka K, Kalkan Ucar S, Alhaddad B, AlSayed M, Al-Owain MA, et al.

Ann Neurol, 2017 Dec;82(6):1004-1015.

PMID: 29205472 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25110

OBJECTIVE: 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria, dystonia-deafness, hepatopathy, encephalopathy, Leigh-like syndrome (MEGDHEL) syndrome is caused by biallelic variants in SERAC1.

METHODS: This multicenter study addressed the course of disease for each organ system. Metabolic, neuroradiological, and genetic findings are reported.

RESULTS: Sixty-seven individuals (39 previously unreported) from 59 families were included (age range = 5 days-33.4 years, median age = 9 years). A total of 41 different SERAC1 variants were identified, including 20 that have not been reported before. With the exception of 2 families with a milder phenotype, all affected individuals showed a strikingly homogeneous phenotype and time course. Severe, reversible neonatal liver dysfunction and hypoglycemia were seen in >40% of all cases. Starting at a median age of 6 months, muscular hypotonia (91%) was seen, followed by progressive spasticity (82%, median onset = 15 months) and dystonia (82%, 18 months). The majority of affected individuals never learned to walk (68%). Seventy-nine percent suffered hearing loss, 58% never learned to speak, and nearly all had significant intellectual disability (88%). Magnetic resonance imaging features were accordingly homogenous, with bilateral basal ganglia involvement (98%); the characteristic "putaminal eye" was seen in 53%. The urinary marker 3-methylglutaconic aciduria was present in virtually all patients (98%). Supportive treatment focused on spasticity and drooling, and was effective in the individuals treated; hearing aids or cochlear implants did not improve communication skills.

INTERPRETATION: MEGDHEL syndrome is a progressive deafness-dystonia syndrome with frequent and reversible neonatal liver involvement and a strikingly homogenous course of disease. Ann Neurol 2017;82:1004-1015.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Perinatal mortality

Tan KL, Woon KY

J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1979;Suppl:57-67.

PMID: 550004

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Erupted teeth in the newborn

Meon R, Woon KC

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Dec;37(4):306-7.

PMID: 7167080

Incidence, aetiology, morphology, histology and symptoms of natal or neonatal teeth are presented. The commonly used terminology natal and neonatal teeth is adopted in this article. A case of an 8-week old girl with natal tooth and sublingual ulceration of the tip of the tongue is described.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

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