Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 527 in total

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  1. Fulltext Improved genome of Agrobacterium radiobacter type strain provides new taxonomic insight into Agrobacterium genomospecies 4
    Gan HM, Lee MVL, Savka MA
    PeerJ, 2019;7:e6366.
    PMID: 30775173 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6366
    The reported Agrobacterium radiobacter DSM 30174T genome is highly fragmented, hindering robust comparative genomics and genome-based taxonomic analysis. We re-sequenced the Agrobacterium radiobacter type strain, generating a dramatically improved genome with high contiguity. In addition, we sequenced the genome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens B6T, enabling for the first time, a proper comparative genomics of these contentious Agrobacterium species. We provide concrete evidence that the previously reported Agrobacterium radiobacter type strain genome (Accession Number: ASXY01) is contaminated which explains its abnormally large genome size and fragmented assembly. We propose that Agrobacterium tumefaciens be reclassified as Agrobacterium radiobacter subsp. tumefaciens and that Agrobacterium radiobacter retains it species status with the proposed name of Agrobacterium radiobacter subsp. radiobacter. This proposal is based, first on the high pairwise genome-scale average nucleotide identity supporting the amalgamation of both Agrobacterium radiobacter and Agrobacterium tumefaciens into a single species. Second, maximum likelihood tree construction based on the concatenated alignment of shared genes (core genes) among related strains indicates that Agrobacterium radiobacter NCPPB3001 is sufficiently divergent from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to propose two independent sub-clades. Third, Agrobacterium tumefaciens demonstrates the genomic potential to synthesize the L configuration of fucose in its lipid polysaccharide, fostering its ability to colonize plant cells more effectively than Agrobacterium radiobacter.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  2. Lipid-based Nanocarriers for Cancer and Tumor Treatment
    Ansari MT, Ramlan TA, Jamaluddin NN, Zamri N, Salfi R, Khan A, et al.
    Curr Pharm Des, 2020;26(34):4272-4276.
    PMID: 32693760 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200720235752
    Cancer and tumor have been major reasons for numerous deaths in this century across the world. Many strategies have been designed to treat, diagnose, or prevent cancer. The success of chemotherapy largely depends on drug targeting. The advent of nanotechnology has vastly improved drug delivery for targeting and diagnosis. Nevertheless, the accuracy of drug targeting with polymeric nanoparticles has always been questionable. The polymeric nanoparticles synthesized from varieties of lipid-based compounds or combined with vectors, such as liposomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes, may allow the drug to overcome the issue of resistance to drug absorption in biological membranes. The combined effects of lipid-based nanocarriers are known to improve the efficacy and accuracy of polymeric nanoparticles. The present review explores the application of lipid based nanocarriers in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer A special focus is given to the use of lipid-based nanocarriers in the treatment, diagnosis, and mitigation of cancer located in blood, brain, lung, and colon. The treatment of these cancers has always been questionable as the chances of relapse are very high. The review encompasses the use of lipid-based nanocarriers in targeting tissue-specific cancer cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  3. Nanocarriers for treatment of dermatological diseases: Principle, perspective and practices
    Ramanunny AK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Singh SK, Kapoor B, Dureja H, et al.
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2021 Jan 05;890:173691.
    PMID: 33129787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173691
    Skin diseases are the fourth leading non-fatal skin conditions that act as a burden and affect the world economy globally. This condition affects the quality of a patient's life and has a pronounced impact on both their physical and mental state. Treatment of these skin conditions with conventional approaches shows a lack of efficacy, long treatment duration, recurrence of conditions, systemic side effects, etc., due to improper drug delivery. However, these pitfalls can be overcome with the applications of nanomedicine-based approaches that provide efficient site-specific drug delivery at the target site. These nanomedicine-based strategies are evolved as potential treatment opportunities in the form of nanocarriers such as polymeric and lipidic nanocarriers, nanoemulsions along with emerging others viz. carbon nanotubes for dermatological treatment. The current review focuses on challenges faced by the existing conventional treatments along with the topical therapeutic perspective of nanocarriers in treating various skin diseases. A total of 213 articles have been reviewed and the application of different nanocarriers in treating various skin diseases has been explained in detail through case studies of previously published research works. The toxicity related aspects of nanocarriers are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  4. Lipid peroxidation: Its effects on the formulation and use of pharmaceutical emulsions
    Khanum R, Thevanayagam H
    Asian J Pharm Sci, 2017 Sep;12(5):401-411.
    PMID: 32104352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.05.003
    Pharmaceutical delivery systems are developed to improve the physicochemical properties of therapeutic compounds. Emulsions are one of these drug delivering systems formulated using water, oils and lipids as main ingredients. Extensive data are usually generated on the physical and chemical characteristics of these oil-in-water and lipid emulsions. However, the oxidative tendency of emulsions is often overlooked. Oxidation impacts the overall quality and safety of these pharmaceutical emulsions. Additionally, introducing oxidatively unstable emulsions into biological systems further promotes oxidation in situ. Products of these reactions then continue to pose serious harm to cells and fuel other physiological oxidation reactions. Consequently, the increase of oxidation products leads to oxidative damage to biological systems. Thus, emulsions with lower lipid peroxidation are more stable and will reduce the negative effects of oxidation in situ. Preventive measures during the formulation of emulsions are important. Many naturally occurring and cost effective substances possess low oxidation tendencies and confer oxidative protection when used in emulsions. Additionally, certain preparatory methods should be employed to reduce or better control lipid peroxidation. Finally, emulsions must be evaluated for their oxidation susceptibility using the various techniques available. Careful attention to the preparation of emulsions and assessment of their oxidative stability will help produce safer emulsions without compromising efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  5. Fulltext Unexpected acceleration of Ultrasonic-Assisted iodide dosimetry in the catalytic presence of ionic liquids
    Krishnan S, Abd Ghani N, Aminuddin NF, Quraishi KS, Razafindramangarafara BL, Baup S, et al.
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2021 Jun;74:105576.
    PMID: 33975186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105576
    This study investigates the potential of using small amounts of ionic liquids (IL) to enhance ultrasound-assisted extraction of lipids content from green microalgae. Three imidazolium-based ILs (butyl, octyl and dodecyl), each of them with two anions (bromide and acetate) were tested as additives. Viscosity and surface tension of the ILs aqueous mixtures were analyzed to determine the influence of ILs' anions and alkyl chain length, whereas KI dosimetry experiments were used as an indicator of radicals formation. A key finding suggests that the small addition of ILs improves the ultrasonication either by enhancing the viscosity and reducing the water surface tension, leading to a more powerful acoustic cavitation process or by increasing HO° production likely to oxidize the microalgae cells membranes, and consequently disrupting them on a more efficient manner. KI dosimetry also revealed that long ILs alkyl chain is detrimental. This experimental observation is confirmed thus strengthened as the yield of extracted lipids from green microalgae has shown an incremental trend when the IL concentration also increased. These hypotheses are currently under investigation to spot detailed impact of ILs on cavitation process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  6. Fulltext Marine microalgae co-cultured with floc-forming bacterium: Insight into growth and lipid productivity
    Yee CS, Okomoda VT, Hashim F, Waiho K, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Alamanjo C, et al.
    PeerJ, 2021;9:e11217.
    PMID: 33981498 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11217
    This study investigated the effect of co-culturing microalgae with a floc-forming bacterium. Of the six microalgae isolated from a biofloc sample, only Thalassiosira weissflogii, Chlamydomonas sp. and Chlorella vulgaris were propagated successfully in Conway medium. Hence, these species were selected for the experiment comparing microalgae axenic culture and co-culture with the floc-forming bacterium, Bacillus infantis. Results obtained showed that the co-culture had higher microalgae biomass compared to the axenic culture. A similar trend was also observed concerning the lipid content of the microalgae-bacterium co-cultures. The cell number of B. infantis co-cultured with T. weissflogii increased during the exponential stage until the sixth day, but the other microalgae species experienced a significant early reduction in cell density of the bacteria at the exponential stage. This study represents the first attempt at co-culturing microalgae with B. infantis, a floc-forming bacterium, and observed increased biomass growth and lipid accumulation compared to the axenic culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  7. Nanostructured lipid carrier to overcome stratum corneum barrier for the delivery of agomelatine in rat brain; formula optimization, characterization and brain distribution study
    Ahmed S, Mahmood S, Danish Ansari M, Gull A, Sharma N, Sultana Y
    Int J Pharm, 2021 Sep 25;607:121006.
    PMID: 34391848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121006
    The current work attempted to achieve bypassed hepatic metabolism, controlled release, and boosted brain distribution of agomelatine by loading in NLC and administering via transdermal route. Agomelatine-loaded NLC (AG-NLC) was fabricated employing melt-emulsification technique and optimized using central composite design. The optimized AG-NLC had 183.16 ± 6.82 nm particle size, 0.241 ± 0.0236 polydispersity index, and 83.29 ± 2.76% entrapment efficiency. TEM and FESEM visually confirmed the size and surface morphology of AG-NLC, respectively. DSC thermogram confirmed the conversion of AG from crystalline to amorphous form, which indicates improved solubility of AG when loaded in NLC. For further stability and improved applicability, AG-NLC was converted into a hydrogel. The texture analysis of AG-NLC-Gel showed appropriate gelling property in terms of hardness (142.292 g), cohesiveness (0.955), and adhesiveness (216.55 g.sec). In comparison to AG-suspension-Gel (38.036 ± 6.058%), AG-NLC-Gel (89.440 ± 2.586%) exhibited significantly higher (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  8. Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris on dairy waste using vision imaging for biomass growth monitoring
    Peter AP, Chew KW, Koyande AK, Yuk-Heng S, Ting HY, Rajendran S, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2021 Dec;341:125892.
    PMID: 34523555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125892
    Continuous automation of conventional industrial operations with smart technology have drawn significant attention. Firstly, the study investigates on optimizing the proportion of industrial biscuit processing waste powder, (B) substituted into BG-11 as a source of cultivation medium for the growth of C. vulgaris. Various percentages of industrial biscuit processing waste powder, (B) were substituted in the inorganic medium to analyse the algal growth and biochemical composition. The use of 40B combination was found to yield highest biomass concentration (4.11 g/L), lipid (260.44 mg/g), protein (263.93 mg/g), and carbohydrate (418.99 mg/g) content compared with all the other culture ratio combination. Secondly, the exploitation of colour acquisition was performed onto C. vulgaris growth phases, and a novel photo-to-biomass concentration estimation was conducted via image processing for three different colour model pixels. Based on linear regression analysis the red, green, blue (RGB) colour model can interpret its colour variance precisely.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  9. Fulltext Growth performance of fingerlings of the Indian major carp, catla catla (ham.) fed with feeds supplemented with different seaweeds
    Kotnala, Savita, Dhar, Puspita, Chatterji, Anil, Das, Partha
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2010;18(2):-.
    MyJurnal
    The growth performance of Indian major carp (Catla catla, Ham.) was assessed over a period of six months through formulated feeds consisting of three seaweeds, namely Chlorodesmis fastigiata, Padina tetrastomatica and Stoechospermum marginatum. A relatively slow average growth rate (6.48 g/month) in fishes was observed in the control group. Meanwhile, the maximum and rapid growth rate (13.38 g/month) was observed with Feed-A supplemented with C. fastigiata. Similarly, a comparable growth rate was also observed with Feed-B (11.56 g/month) with P. tetrastomatica. However, the growth rate in fishes was relatively lower (9.05 g/month) with Feed-C containing seaweed S.marginatum. The growth rate in each month was also compared. The maximum attainable growth rate was found to be 12 g in the control group, whereas this was 30 g with Feed-A. The attainable growth was 20 g and 15 g with Feed-B and Feed-C, respectively. In the control group, the maximum increments in weight was recorded in the third (September) and fifth (November) months of rearing, and the increment was considerably reduced after that. The maximum increment in weight was in the second month (August) with Feed-A, and this was followed by a considerable decrease in subsequent months. A similar trend was observed with Feed-B and Feed-C. The biochemical composition of all the four feeds used in the present study showed approximately the same protein (0.45-0.50 mg/ ml) and lipid contents (0.6 mg/ml). Carbohydrate was the only parameter which showed a relatively significant effect (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  10. Hypocholesterolemic effect of red pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) on hypercholesterolemia induced rats
    Mohd Adzim Khalili, R., Norhayati, A.H, Rokiah, M.Y., Asmah, R., Siti Muskinah, M., Abdul Manaf, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(3):431-440.
    MyJurnal
    This study was carried out to evaluate the total phenolic content and anti-oxidant activity of methanolic extract of red pitaya, and hypocholesterolemic effect of red pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) on lipid profiles status on hypercholesterolemia induced rats. From the analysis, total phenolic content in red pitaya is 46.06 ± 1.77 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight and antioxidant activity is 76.10% using FTC method. TBA analysis also showed red pitaya extract had high antioxidant effect (72.90%). An in-vivo study also showed red pitaya has hypocholesterolemic effect on induced hypercholesterolemia rats. After 11 weeks of study, total blood cholesterol significant decrease (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  11. Fulltext Squalene recovery from palm fatty acid distillate using supercritical fluid extraction
    Norhidayah, S., Baharin, B.S., Hamed, M., Zaidul, I.S.M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1661-1667.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this research is recovery of squalene from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The extraction process was performed by using the SFE and recovered squalene was analyzed from total lipid extracts using HPLC. A central composite design was used to study the effect of SFE variables namely pressure (X₁) from 200 to 400 bar and temperature (X₂) from 40 to 60⁰C on the total lipid extracts (Y₁) and squalene concentration (Y₂) and optimize the SFE conditions. The nonlinear regression equations were significantly (p < 0.05) fitted for both responses with high R₂ (> 0.965), which had no indication of lack of fit. The results indicated that a combined pressure (200 bar) and temperature (50⁰C) was predicted to provide the optimum region in terms of total lipid extracts (13.84 ± 0.52%) and squalene concentration (418.31 ± 18.40 ppm) studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  12. Fulltext Extraction and determination of oryzanol in rice bran of mixed herbarium UKMB; AZ 6807: MR 185, AZ 6808: MR 211, AZ6809: MR 29
    Azrina, A., Maznah, I., Azizah, A.H.
    International Food Research Journal, 2008;15(1):89-96.
    MyJurnal
    The level of total lipid and oryzanol content, an important antioxidant compound in locally produced bran was investigated. Total lipid in rice bran was extracted using 3:2 chloroform:methanol mixture yielding 16.4% fat. Oryzanol content was determined without saponification using a reverse-phase HPLC. Four fractions of oryzanol were successfully separated and quantitated. The 4 isomers were cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylene cycloartanyl ferulate, campestryl ferulate and mixtures of β–sitosteryl ferulate and cycloartanyl ferulate. The oryzanol content of local mixed varieties ranged from 23.7–43.0 mg g-1. The oryzanol concentration may depend on factors such as plant varieties, processing methods employed, extracting solvent used and ratio of extracting solvent to bran as well as extracting solvent temperatures. This study showed the potential of oryzanol extract from rice bran as a source of antioxidant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  13. Fulltext Effect of chitosan on gelling properties, lipid oxidation, and microbial load of surimi gel made from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
    Amiza, M.A, Kang, W.C.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(4):1585-1594.
    MyJurnal
    The effect of the addition of different concentrations of chitosan (0–2.0% w/w) on the gelling properties of surimi gels made from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was tested. Lipid oxidation, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and aerobic plate count (APC) changes during 20 days of storage at 4oC also were evaluated. Surimi gels with 1.5% (w/w) chitosan added exhibited the highest improvement in gel strength (58.92%), whiteness (13.18%), and water holding capacity (36.8%). Incorporation of 2.0% (w/w) chitosan in gels resulted in the lowest TVB-N value (36.63 mg N/100 g) at the end of the 20 days storage period. Both the peroxide values and the 2-thiobarbituric acid values increased more slowly in the chitosan-treated gels than in the control gel during the storage period. Chitosan at concentrations of 1.75% and 2.0% (w/w) conferred the best antioxidant effect on catfish surimi gels and resulted in a significant reduction in APC. Based on the microbiological acceptability limit (106 cfu/g), the shelf life
    of surimi gels with 1.75% and 2.0% (w/w) chitosan was extended to 12 days in refrigerated storage at 4oC, whereas the other samples lasted only 8 days. Hence, the addition of 1.5–2.0% (w/w) chitosan is a promising approach for the preparation of catfish surimi gels, as it improves texture, prevents lipid oxidation, and inhibits microbial growth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  14. Fulltext Comparison of energy and performance from biodegradation of freeze dried and spray dried Algae biomass
    Muhamad Haikal Zainal, Khairul Baqir Alkhair Khairul Amin, Oskar Hasdinor Hassan, Sharifah Aminah Syed Mohamad, Abd Malik Marwan Ali, Fathiah Abdullah, et al.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):53-62.
    MyJurnal
    Many kinds of substrates have been used to investigate bioelectricity production with Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Dry algae biomass has the highest maximum power density compared to other substrates due to high carbon sources from its lipid. However, the bacterial digestion of algae biomass is not simple because of the complexity and strength of the algal cell wall structure. An algae biomass extraction is needed to break the cell wall structure and facilitate digestion. Spray drying method is commonly used in highvalue products but may degrade some algal components which are crucial for microbial degradation in MFC, while the freeze-drying method is able to preserve algal cell constituents. The MFC was fed with freeze dried and spray dried algae biomass to produce energy and determine the degradation efficiency. Results showed the average voltage generated was 739 mV and 740 mV from freeze dried and spray dried algae biomass, respectively. The maximum power density of freeze dried algae biomass is 159.9 mW/m2 and spray dried algae biomass is 152.3 mW/m2. Freeze dried algae biomass has 54.2% of COD removal and 28.4% of Coulombic Efficiency while spray dried algae biomass has 50.1% of COD removal and 24.9% of Coulombic Efficiency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  15. Lipid for biodiesel production from attached growth Chlorella vulgaris biomass cultivating in fluidized bed bioreactor packed with polyurethane foam material
    Mohd-Sahib AA, Lim JW, Lam MK, Uemura Y, Isa MH, Ho CD, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2017 Sep;239:127-136.
    PMID: 28501685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.118
    The potential to grow attached microalgae Chlorella vulgaris in fluidized bed bioreactor was materialized in this study, targeting to ease the harvesting process prior to biodiesel production. The proposed thermodynamic mechanism and physical property assessment of various support materials verified polyurethane to be suitable material favouring the spontaneous adhesion by microalgae cells. The 1-L bioreactor packed with only 2.4% (v/v) of 1.00-mL polyurethane foam cubes could achieve the highest attached growth microalgae biomass and lipid weights of 812±122 and 376±37mg, respectively, in comparison with other cube sizes. The maturity of attached growth microalgae biomass for harvesting could also be determined from the growth trend of suspended microalgae biomass. Analysis of FAME composition revealed that the harvested microalgae biomass was dominated by C16-C18 (>60%) and mixture of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (>65%), satiating the biodiesel standard with adequate cold flow property and oxidative stability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  16. Fulltext Properties of An Oral Nanoformulation of A Molecularly Dispersed Amphotericin B Comprising A Composite Matrix of Theobroma Oil and Bee'S Wax
    Tan CS, Billa N, Roberts CJ, Scurr DJ
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2014 Dec 19;4(4):905-916.
    PMID: 28344257 DOI: 10.3390/nano4040905
    An amphotericin B-containing (AmB) solid lipid nanoparticulate drug delivery system intended for oral administration, comprised of bee's wax and theobroma oil as lipid components was formulated with the aim to ascertain the location of AmB within the lipid matrix: (a) a homogenous matrix; (b) a drug-enriched shell; or (c) a drug enriched core. Both the drug-loaded and drug-free nanoparticles were spherical with AmB contributing to an increase in both the z-average diameter (169 ± 1 to 222 ± 2 nm) and zeta potential (40.8 ± 0.9 to 50.3 ± 1.0 mV) of the nanoparticles. A maximum encapsulation efficiency of 21.4% ± 3.0%, corresponding to 10.7 ± 0.4 mg encapsulated AmB within the lipid matrix was observed. Surface analysis and electron microscopic imaging indicated that AmB was dispersed uniformly within the lipid matrix (option (a) above) and, therefore, this is the most suitable of the three models with regard to modeling the propensity for uptake by epithelia and release of AmB in lymph.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  17. Hybrid liquid biphasic system for cell disruption and simultaneous lipid extraction from microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana CY-1 for biofuel production
    Yew GY, Chew KW, Malek MA, Ho YC, Chen WH, Ling TC, et al.
    Biotechnol Biofuels, 2019;12:252.
    PMID: 31666807 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1591-8
    Background: The extraction of lipids from microalgae requires a pretreatment process to break the cell wall and subsequent extraction processes to obtain the lipids for biofuels production. The multistep operation tends to incur high costs and are energy intensive due to longer process operations. This research work applies the combination of radicals from hydrogen peroxide with an organic solvent as a chemical pretreatment method for disrupting the cell wall of microalgae and simultaneously extracting lipids from the biomass in a one-step biphasic solution.

    Result: Several parameters which can affect the biphasic system were analyzed: contact time, volume of solvent, volume ratio, type of organic solvent, biomass amount and concentration of solvents, to extract the highest amount of lipids from microalgae. The results were optimized and up to 83.5% of lipid recovery yield and 94.6% of enhancement was successfully achieved. The results obtain from GC-FID were similar to the analysis of triglyceride lipid standard.

    Conclusion: The profound hybrid biphasic system shows great potential to radically disrupt the cell wall of microalgae and instantaneously extract lipids in a single-step approach. The lipids extracted were tested to for its comparability to biodiesel performance.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  18. Authors' reply re: Maternal lipids are associated with newborn adiposity independent of GDM status, obesity and insulin resistance: a prospective observational cohort study
    Samsuddin S, Vethakkan SR
    BJOG, 2020 06;127(7):912-913.
    PMID: 32237027 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16211
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  19. Progress and perspective on algal plastics - A critical review
    Zhang C, Show PL, Ho SH
    Bioresour Technol, 2019 Oct;289:121700.
    PMID: 31262543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121700
    There is a growing interest in developing bio-based biodegradable plastics to reduce the dependence on depleting fossil fuels and provide a sustainable alternative. Bio-based plastics can usually be produced from lipids, proteins or carbohydrates, which are major components of microalgae. Despite its potential for algal plastics, little information is available on strain selection, culture optimization and bioplastics fabrication mechanism. In this review, we summarized the recent developments in understanding the utilization of seaweed polysaccharides, such as alginate and carrageenan for bio-based plastics. In addition, a conceptual biorefinery framework for algal plastics through promising components (e.g., lipids, carbohydrates and proteins) from microalgae is comprehensively presented. Moreover, the reasons for variations in bioplastics performance and underlying mechanism of various algal biocomposites have been critically discussed. We believe this review can provide valuable information to accelerate the development of innovative green technologies for improving the commercial viability of algal plastics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  20. Life cycle evaluation of microalgae biofuels production: Effect of cultivation system on energy, carbon emission and cost balance analysis
    Dasan YK, Lam MK, Yusup S, Lim JW, Lee KT
    Sci Total Environ, 2019 Oct 20;688:112-128.
    PMID: 31229809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.181
    The rapid depletion of fossil fuels and ever-increasing environmental pollution have forced humankind to look for a renewable energy source. Microalgae, a renewable biomass source, has been proposed as a promising feedstock to generate biofuels due to their fast growth rate with high lipid content. However, literatures have indicated that sustainable production of microalgae biofuels are only viable with a highly optimized production system. In the present study, a cradle-to-gate approach was used to provide expedient insights on the effect of different cultivation systems and biomass productivity toward life cycle energy (LCEA), carbon balance (LCCO2) and economic (LCC) of microalgae biodiesel production pathways. In addition, a co-production of bioethanol from microalgae residue was proposed in order to improve the economic sustainability of the overall system. The results attained in the present work indicated that traditional microalgae biofuels processing pathways resulted to several shortcomings, such as dehydration and lipid extraction of microalgae biomass required high energy input and contributed nearly 21 to 30% and 39 to 57% of the total energy requirement, respectively. Besides, the microalgae biofuels production system also required a high capital investment, which accounted for 47 to 86% of total production costs that subsequently resulted to poor techno-economic performances. Moreover, current analysis of environmental aspects of microalgae biorefinery had revealed negative CO2 balance in producing microalgae biofuels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
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