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The relationship between work-life balance, the need for achievement, and intention to leave: Mixed-method study

Dousin O, Collins N, Bartram T, Stanton P

J Adv Nurs, 2021 Mar;77(3):1478-1489.
PMID: 33314305 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14724

AIMS: To examine the mediating role of employee well-being on the relationship between work-life balance practices, the need for achievement and intention to leave among nurses in Malaysia.
BACKGROUND: Work-life balance practices are associated with employee perceptions of the need for achievement and well-being which subsequently influence their intention to leave the organization. This study contributes new knowledge to nursing studies on work-life balance in an Asian and Islamic society where the expectations for women are to focus on family rather than career.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional, explanatory mixed methodology.
METHODS: This is a two-phase study conducted between 2015-2017 with 401 nurses in East Malaysia. In Phase 1, researchers surveyed 379 nurses to test eight hypotheses and in Phase 2 researchers interviewed 22 nurses to explore the results of Phase 1.
RESULTS: Phase 1 revealed job satisfaction mediates the relationship between work-life balance practices (e.g. flexibility and choice in working hours, supportive supervision), financial success, and intention to leave. However, life satisfaction and money as a motivator did not mediate such relationships. Phase 2 identified four important factors that cast light on survey results: working conditions of Malaysian nurses; inadequate compensation in the public healthcare sector; team-based practices; and pressure on senior nurses in both administrative and clinical roles.
CONCLUSION: This is one of the first studies to investigate work-life balance issues among nurses in Malaysia. Outcomes of this study extend the debates on work-life balance and employee well-being in an Asian Islamic social context.
IMPACT: The use of flexible working arrangements and collectivist teamwork approaches, improving compensation and employment benefits and eliminating the 'time-based job promotion' policy may help to mitigate work-life balance issues and intention to leave among nurses in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Apheresis in developing countries around the World

Eichbaum Q, Smid WM, Crookes R, Naim N, Mendrone A, Marques JF, et al.

J Clin Apher, 2015 Aug;30(4):238-46.
PMID: 25346394 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21368

At the combined American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Annual Meeting/World Apheresis Association (WAA) Congress in San Francisco, California, in April of 2014, the opening session highlighted the status of apheresis outside of the United States. The organizers invited physicians active in apheresis in countries not usually represented at such international gatherings to give them a forum to share their experiences, challenges, and expectations in their respective countries with regard to both donor and therapeutic apheresis. Apheresis technology is expensive as well as technically and medically demanding, and low and median income countries have different experiences to share with the rest of the world. Apheresis procedures also require resources taken for granted in the developed world, such as reliable electrical power, that can be unpredictable in parts of the developing world. On the other hand, it was obvious that there are significant disparities in access to apheresis within the same country (such as in Brazil), as well as between neighboring nations in Africa and South America. A common trend in the presentations from Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, and South Africa, was the need for more and better physicians and practitioners' training in the indications of the various apheresis modalities and patient oversight during the procedures. As ASFA and WAA continue to work together, and globalization allows for increased knowledge-sharing, improved access to apheresis procedures performed by qualified personnel with safety and high-quality standards will be increasingly available.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
The lower effectiveness of text-only health warnings in China compared to pictorial health warnings in Malaysia

Elton-Marshall T, Xu SS, Meng G, Quah AC, Sansone GC, Feng G, et al.

Tob Control, 2015 Nov;24 Suppl 4:iv6-13.
PMID: 26420242 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052616

In 2009, China changed its health warnings on cigarette packs from side-only text warnings to two text-only warnings on 30% of the bottom of the front and back of the pack. Also in 2009, Malaysia changed from similar text warnings to pictorial health warnings consistent with Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Article 11 Guidelines.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Fulltext Data on self-awareness, self-determination, and self-efficacy of opioid-dependent patients receiving methadone treatment before and after getting individual psycho-educational (i-SEAZ) intervention

Engku Kamarudin EM, Wan Sulaiman WS, Sarnon NH, Amin AS

Data Brief, 2020 Jun;30:105586.
PMID: 32346583 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105586

The readiness to change among drug addicts is a key strength for successful treatment. Self-awareness, self-determination, and self-efficacy have been identified as the fundamentals of readiness that should be embraced by drug addicts while in treatment. In this article, the shared data were applied to assess the effect of individual psycho-educational intervention based on integrated self-awareness and self-determination theories (i-SEAZ) on self-efficacy amongst opioid-dependent patients undergoing methadone treatment (MT). The effectiveness of the i-SEAZ module was evaluated in a total of 75 opioid-dependent MT participants from five Methadone Clinics under the Ministry of Health, Malaysia located across Klang Valley. The experimental group consisted of 38 participants who received 10 sessions of individual i-SEAZ alongside MT, whereas 37 participants of the control group only received MT. The shared data were collected through three questionnaires, namely Scale for Self-Consciousness Assessment (SSCA), Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ), and General Self Efficacy (GSE). Data collection was performed twice; the first instance was two weeks prior to initiation of i-SEAZ (pretest), and the second was two weeks post completion of i-SEAZ (posttest). The extracted data were precisely represented in terms of means and standard deviations (SDs).

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Fulltext Pharmacy Students' Perceptions of Reflective Portfolios and their Effect on Students' Deep Information-Processing Skills

Er HM, Jia Ming MK, Keng PS, Nadarajah VD

Am J Pharm Educ, 2019 Aug;83(6):6851.
PMID: 31507283 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe6851

Objective. To evaluate pharmacy students' perceptions of the educational value of reflective portfolio and to gain an understanding of the factors that might influence these perceptions. Methods. Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) students' perceptions of using reflective portfolios were evaluated by administering the same questionnaire at the beginning of years 2, 3 and 4 of the curriculum. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the differences among the perception scores of different academic years. Semi-structured interviews were completed with fourth-year students to further explore their experiences with the reflective portfolio. Students' deep information processing (DIP) skills were compared with those of students from another pharmacy cohort whose curriculum did not include a reflective portfolio. Results. The students' perceptions of the reflective portfolio improved significantly as they progressed from year 2 to year 4 of the curriculum. The factors that contributed to a positive experience were a clear understanding of objectives and guidelines for the reflective portfolio, useful mentor feedback, a positive learning attitude and motivation, and having a user-friendly technology platform for submission of the portfolio. The students' DIP skills after completing the reflective portfolio were higher than those of students who did not have a reflective portfolio assignment in their curriculum. Conclusion. Pharmacy students' appreciation of the educational value of a reflective portfolio increased as they progressed to their final year, and their DIP skills improved. These findings support the use of a reflective portfolio as a learning tool for BPharm students' personal and professional development.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Suicidal Thoughts, Attempts and Motives Among University Students in 12 Muslim-Majority Countries

Eskin M, AlBuhairan F, Rezaeian M, Abdel-Khalek AM, Harlak H, El-Nayal M, et al.

Psychiatr Q, 2019 03;90(1):229-248.
PMID: 30498939 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-018-9613-4

There is a scarcity of research on suicidal phenomena in the Muslim world. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the self-reported prevalence of suicidal thoughts, attempts and motives in 12 Muslim countries. A total of 8417 (54.4% women) university students were surveyed by means of a self-report questionnaire. Overall, 22% of the participants reported suicidal ideation and 8.6% reported attempting suicide. The odds of suicidal thoughts were elevated in Azerbaijan, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia, while reduced ORs were recorded in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Malaysia. While odds of suicide attempts were high in Azerbaijan, Palestine and Saudi Arabia reduced odds ratios (OR) were detected in Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia and Tunisia. Taking drugs and using a sharp instrument were the two most frequently used methods to attempt suicide. Only 32.7% of attempts required medical attention. Escape motives were endorsed more than social motives by participants who attempted suicide. Suicidal behaviors were more frequent in women than in men. Compered to men, fewer attempts by women required medical attention. Moreover, our results show that making suicide illegal does not reduce the frequency of suicidal behavior. Results from this comparative study show that suicidal thoughts and attempts are frequent events in young adults in countries where religious scripture explicitly prohibit suicide and the frequencies of nonfatal suicidal behavior show large variation in nations adhering to the same religion.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
Fulltext Issues And challenges in the management Of methamphetamine dependence in pregnancy

Farid Yusof, Suzaily Wahab

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2015;11(1):89-92.
MyJurnal

Data from the Malaysian National Drugs Agency December 2013 Report, showed that among 7864 drug users, 632 were abusing Amphetamine Type Stimulant. Rates of admission due to Methamphetamine abuse in pregnancy are higher compared with men and non- pregnant lady in the United States.1 A number of issues may complicate the management of pregnant women who abused methamphetamine such as the low motivation for them to come forward voluntarily for treatment, the high rates of fetal and maternal complications due to methamphetamine abuse,2,3 and the inavailabiliy of effective treatment for methamphetamine dependence.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Fulltext A pilot study of the relationship between parenting style and academic procrastination among final year students of faculty of human ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

Fasya Sulaiman, Mohammad Mujaheed Hassan

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(7):152-167.
MyJurnal

Academic procrastination is a behaviour which can be defined as putting off, delay, prolong, defer, stall, or postpone in performing tasks related to the academic. Academic procrastination is not a new phenomenon but it is a common behaviour especially among students as previous research has found that approximately 75% of students consider themselves as procrastinators. This issue is very much related to the “Student Syndrome” where student only starts to make themselves work in completing the task instantly right before the due date and leaving them with a very short period of time to complete it. There were many previous researchers that had investigated the factors that causing academic procrastination and one of the most common factors are parenting style. However, the pattern of the previous results was inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate in deep on the relationship between the motivational aspects of parenting style to academic procrastination with focusing among the undergraduate students who are in their final year from Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia. The research design of this study is a quantitative research and for that reason, a set of questionnaire was distributed to 148 respondents. Result shows that 52.7% of the final year students perceived at high level of academic procrastination. Apart from that, the result also shows that there is no significant relationship between gender and parenting styles to academic procrastination. As a conclusion, academic procrastination is a common behaviour among final year students. However, parenting styles does not affecting academic procrastination due to the students’ age which can be categorised as early adulthood which at this age, parenting style factors does not give an impact on academic procrastination.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Fulltext Hubungan antara determinasi kendiri, personaliti big five dengan motivasi pencapaian dan pencapaian akademik

Fatimahwati H

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2016;30:114-126.

This study aims to examine the interrelationship of self-determination, the big five, achievement motivation and academic achievement among students. This questionnaire survey study involving 150 students from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, The National University of Malaysia. The data obtained in this study were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Instrument that has been used was Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-L), Big Five Inventory (BFI), and achievement motivation scale (CLAMS). The results showed that the autonomous regulation (r =.40) and controlled regulation (r =.43) were significantly related to achievement motivation. Results also showed that the autonomous regulation (r =.45) and controlled regulation (r =.29) were significantly related to academic achievement. Correlation results also show that the big five personalities, that openness (r =.62), conscientiousness (r =.56), extraversion (r =.61), agreeableness (r =.43) and neuroticism (r =1.58) were significantly related to achievement motivation. The results showed openness (r =.31), conscientiousness (r =.44), extraversion (r =.30), agreeableness (r =.22) and neuroticism (r = -.23) were significantly related to academic achievement. In general, this study explains that self-determination and big five personalities can be used to predict the relationship with achievement motivation and academic achievement.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Fulltext The relationship between the impacts of telecommuting engagement and employee performance in oil and gas industry in Kuantan, Pahang

Fatin Fazrida Peros Khan, Nasrudin Mohammed, Nor Hafizah Mohamed Harith

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(5):1-9.
MyJurnal

Telecommuting refers to the work option that enables telecommuters to work outside of the office. It
allows telecommuters to have a direct contact with those inside and outside of the organization by
using information and communication technologies. Despite the continuous effort by Malaysia’s
government, the implementation and occurrence of telecommuting practice in Malaysia had not gained
full support from many local companies. Consequently, the Malaysian workforce has suffered from
low-level performance and poor productivity due to the lack of flexibility in task accomplishment.
Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate whether the impacts of telecommuting
engagement (i.e. job autonomy, work-family balance, work productivity, and level of occupational
stress) lead to employee’s performance. This research aims to identify the most dominant impact of
telecommuting engagement that leads to the employee performance. The study has adopted a
correlational research and cross-sectional survey research design to explore the relationship between
variables. There were 229 respondents who practice telecommuting work arrangement. They were
chosen from 11 oil and gas companies located in Kuantan, Pahang. The findings of the study had
revealed that all of the telecommuting impacts which consists of the job autonomy, work-family
balance, work productivity and level of occupational stress have a significant relationship with the
employee performance at r = .923, p < 0.05, r = .734, p < 0.05, r = .817, p < 0.05, and r = .408, p < 005
respectively. Job autonomy was found the most dominant impact of telecommuting engagement that
leads to the employee performance with r = .923, p < 0.05. The positive experiences and knowledge
possessed by the telecommuters in the oil and gas industry helped to increase the level of motivation
and maintain the good mental and physical state of employees. The exercise of the proper balance
between the personal and professional life could guarantee the high employees’ performance among
the telecommuters. Hence, it is suggested for the government to promote and develop more appropriate
policies regarding telecommuting practice in Malaysia. The purpose is to enhance the level of
acceptance towards the work arrangement among the local society. Moreover, the active approaches by
the government can stimulate the implementation of telecommuting in this country as people will have
more proper guidelines to assist the work practices. Telecommuting work arrangement helps to achieve
excellent performance in an organization.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Fulltext A Survey on Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Requirements, Taxonomy, Recent Advances, and Open Research Challenges

Fattah S, Gani A, Ahmedy I, Idris MYI, Targio Hashem IA

Sensors (Basel), 2020 Sep 21;20(18).
PMID: 32967124 DOI: 10.3390/s20185393

The domain of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) had received a lot of attention recently due to its significant advanced capabilities in the ocean surveillance, marine monitoring and application deployment for detecting underwater targets. However, the literature have not compiled the state-of-the-art along its direction to discover the recent advancements which were fuelled by the underwater sensor technologies. Hence, this paper offers the newest analysis on the available evidences by reviewing studies in the past five years on various aspects that support network activities and applications in UWSN environments. This work was motivated by the need for robust and flexible solutions that can satisfy the requirements for the rapid development of the underwater wireless sensor networks. This paper identifies the key requirements for achieving essential services as well as common platforms for UWSN. It also contributes a taxonomy of the critical elements in UWSNs by devising a classification on architectural elements, communications, routing protocol and standards, security, and applications of UWSNs. Finally, the major challenges that remain open are presented as a guide for future research directions.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Fulltext Three-Dimensional Printed Electrode and Its Novel Applications in Electronic Devices

Foo CY, Lim HN, Mahdi MA, Wahid MH, Huang NM

Sci Rep, 2018 May 09;8(1):7399.
PMID: 29743664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25861-3

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology provides a novel approach to material fabrication for various applications because of its ability to create low-cost 3D printed platforms. In this study, a printable graphene-based conductive filament was employed to create a range of 3D printed electrodes (3DEs) using a commercial 3D printer. This printing technology provides a simplistic and low-cost approach, which eliminates the need for the ex-situ modification and post-treatment of the product. The conductive nature of the 3DEs provides numerous deposition platforms for electrochemical active nanomaterials such as graphene, polypyrrole, and cadmium sulfide, either through electrochemical or physical approaches. To provide proof-of-concept, these 3DEs were physiochemically and electrochemically evaluated and proficiently fabricated into a supercapacitor and photoelectrochemical sensor. The as-fabricated supercapacitor provided a good capacitance performance, with a specific capacitance of 98.37 Fg-1. In addition, these 3DEs were fabricated into a photoelectrochemical sensing platform. They had a photocurrent response that exceeded expectations (~724.1 μA) and a lower detection limit (0.05 μM) than an ITO/FTO glass electrode. By subsequently modifying the printing material and electrode architecture, this 3D printing approach could provide a facile and rapid manufacturing process for energy devices based on the conceptual design.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Fulltext Differences between high- and low-achieving pre-clinical medical students: a qualitative instrumental case study from a theory of action perspective

Foong CC, Bashir Ghouse NL, Lye AJ, Pallath V, Hong WH, Vadivelu J

Ann Med, 2022 Dec;54(1):195-210.
PMID: 35019800 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1967440

BACKGROUND: Poor academic performance and failure can cause undesired effects for students, schools, and society. Understanding why some students fail while their peers succeed is important to enhance student performance. Therefore, this study explores the differences in the learning process between high- and low-achieving pre-clinical medical students from a theory of action perspective.
METHODS: This study employed a qualitative instrumental case study design intended to compare two groups of students-high-achieving students (n = 14) and low-achieving students (n = 5), enrolled in pre-clinical medical studies at the Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. Data were collected through reflective journals and semi-structured interviews. Regarding journaling, participants were required to recall their learning experiences of the previous academic year. Two analysts coded the data and then compared the codes of high- and low-achieving students. The third analyst reviewed the codes. Themes were identified iteratively, working towards comparing the learning processes of high- and low-achieving students.
RESULTS: Data analysis revealed four themes-motivation and expectation, study methods, self-management, and flexibility of mindset. First, high-achieving students were more motivated and had higher academic expectations than low-achieving students. Second, high-achieving students adopted study planning and deep learning approaches, whereas low-achieving students adopted superficial learning approaches. Third, in contrast to low-achieving students, high-achieving students exhibited better time management and studied consistently. Finally, high-achieving students proactively sought external support and made changes to overcome challenges. In contrast, low-achieving students were less resilient and tended to avoid challenges.
CONCLUSION: Based on the theory of action, high-achieving students utilize positive governing variables, whereas low-achieving students are driven by negative governing variables. Hence, governing variable-based remediation is needed to help low-achieving students interrogate the motives behind their actions and realign positive governing variables, actions, and intended outcomes.Key MessagesThis study found four themes describing the differences between high- and low-achieving pre-clinical medical students: motivation and expectation, study methods, self-management, and flexibility of mindset.Based on the theory of action approach, high-achieving pre-clinical medical students are fundamentally different from their low-achieving peers in terms of their governing variables, with the positive governing variables likely to have guided them to act in a manner beneficial to and facilitating desirable academic performance.Governing variable-based remediation may help students interrogate the motives of their actions.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Fulltext Behaviour change strategies for reducing blood pressure-related disease burden: findings from a global implementation research programme

GACD Hypertension Research Programme, Writing Group, Peiris D, Thompson SR, Beratarrechea A, Cárdenas MK, Diez-Canseco F, et al.

Implement Sci, 2015;10:158.
PMID: 26553092 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0331-0

The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases comprises the majority of the world's public research funding agencies. It is focussed on implementation research to tackle the burden of chronic diseases in low- and middle-income countries and amongst vulnerable populations in high-income countries. In its inaugural research call, 15 projects were funded, focussing on lowering blood pressure-related disease burden. In this study, we describe a reflexive mapping exercise to identify the behaviour change strategies undertaken in each of these projects.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Fulltext Lecturer, student and patient’s experience toward simulated patient programmed: “we all play a role”

GOH, LAY-KHIM, YEE, BIT-LIAN

Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research, 2019;5(1):5-17.
MyJurnal

Simulated Patient (SP) is defined as a layperson that simulates to portray the role of a patient with health-related conditions based on varying levels of training. International Medical University (IMU) has been utilising SP for more than 10 years for simulation activities including learning sessions and examination. Due to a series of complex interaction within the SP programme, the aim of the study was to explore the experience of lecturer, student and SPs towards the interaction within the SP programme. The findings of the research were aimed to improve the teaching sessions and examination through the improvement of the SP programme. A total of 17 participants were recruited for 6 interviews, including both focus group and one-to-one interview session. The researcher used a list of guide questions to explore both positive and negative experiences. Manual transcribing and coding technique were used for data analysis, while Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) was used for data management and additional analysis. The themes for the lecturer group were: SP resemble a real patient, The making of scenario, and SP feedback; while the themes for the students group were: Simulated patient as an effective learning tool, Fairness, and Feedback from simulated patient; whereas Effective learning session, Motivation and Preparation prior class were the themes for the SP group. SPs’ contribution was valuable if the SP is able to resemble a real patient and able to demonstrate effective feedback skills. Standardisation of the character portrayal and SP feedback influenced the fairness along the students’ journey. Lecturers, SPs and students influenced the success of an SP-based simulation session.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Prevalence of dementia and quality of life of caregivers of people living with dementia in Malaysia

Ganapathy SS, Sooryanarayana R, Ahmad NA, Jamaluddin R, Abd Razak MA, Tan MP, et al.

Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2020 Dec;20 Suppl 2:16-20.
PMID: 33370858 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14031

AIM: Dementia is the major cause of disability among older persons and leading physical and psychological sequelae for both the person living with dementia (PLwD) and their caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dementia in Malaysia and identify the factors influencing quality of life (QoL) of caregivers of PLwD.
METHODS: A nationwide survey was conducted among individuals aged ≥60 years. Cognition was assessed with the Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA) tool. QoL of older caregivers was assessed using the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire.
RESULTS: The prevalence of dementia among older adults aged ≥60 years in Malaysia was found to be 8.5%. The prevalence was found to be higher among females, those with no formal education and those in rural areas in Malaysia. The mean QoL of family caregivers of PLwD was significantly lower than the caregivers of older adults without dementia were (P

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Migration plans and hours of work in Malaysia

Gillin ED, Sumner DA

Int Migr Rev, 1985;19(2):239-50.
PMID: 12280256

"This article describes characteristics of prospective migrants in the Malaysian Family Life Survey and investigates how planning to move affects hours of work. [The authors] use ideas about intertemporal substitution...to discuss the response to temporary and permanent wage expectations on the part of potential migrants. [An] econometric section presents reduced-form estimates for wage rates and planned migration equations and two-stage least squares estimates for hours of work. Men currently planning a move were found to work fewer hours. Those originally planning only a temporary stay at their current location work more hours."

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
Fulltext Neural signals of selective attention are modulated by subjective preferences and buying decisions in a virtual shopping task

Goto N, Mushtaq F, Shee D, Lim XL, Mortazavi M, Watabe M, et al.

Biol Psychol, 2017 09;128:11-20.
PMID: 28666891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.06.004

We investigated whether well-known neural markers of selective attention to motivationally-relevant stimuli were modulated by variations in subjective preference towards consumer goods in a virtual shopping task. Specifically, participants viewed and rated pictures of various goods on the extent to which they wanted each item, which they could potentially purchase afterwards. Using the event-related potentials (ERP) method, we found that variations in subjective preferences for consumer goods strongly modulated positive slow waves (PSW) from 800 to 3000 milliseconds after stimulus onset. We also found that subjective preferences modulated the N200 and the late positive potential (LPP). In addition, we found that both PSW and LPP were modulated by subsequent buying decisions. Overall, these findings show that well-known brain event-related potentials reflecting selective attention processes can reliably index preferences to consumer goods in a shopping environment. Based on a large body of previous research, we suggest that early ERPs (e.g. the N200) to consumer goods could be indicative of preferences driven by unconditional and automatic processes, whereas later ERPs such as the LPP and the PSW could reflect preferences built upon more elaborative and conscious cognitive processes.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation/physiology*
Fulltext Pattern of antibiotics usage, perception and attitude towards antibiotic compliance among UNIMAS undergraduate students

Greta Miranda Goh, Awg Khairul Bin Awang Mohammad

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):7-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Increase in antibiotic resistance (ABR) worldwide, specifically in developing countries, requires the need to pay attention to self-medicated antibiotics, perception and attitude of ABR. Self-medication on antibiotics practices have a major pitfall, which is that users do not follow a prescribed course of drug and may usually stop the drug regimen once they feeling better. The spread of ABR is known to be associated with inadequate dosing, and incomplete courses which increases the actual cost of treating illnesses and social burden. This research is motivated by the alarming spread of ABR in Malaysia, the paucity of data on self-medication with antibiotics, and the alarming rate of pharmacy or drug stores that sell antibiotics and prescription-only medicines that are unauthorized to do so. Thus, the study has been done to observe the pattern of antibiotics usage of undergraduate students in a public uni- versity. Methods: Quantitative study with cross-sectional study have been chosen in this study and the target sample is localUniversiti Malaysia Sarawak(UNIMAS) undergraduate students with use of convenience sampling method. Besides, data collection has been done at main library (Centre for Academic Information Services)of UNIMASand students pavilion, UNIMAS by using the fully English online and hardcopy self-administered questionnaire adapted from previous study. Then, the data collected has been analysed by using SPSS Version 22. Results: In this study, 30.5% out of 403respondents have admitted that have taken antibiotics within 6 months and common reason of taking antibiotics given are fever, respiratory tract infection, and pain. Besides, there are 36% of respondents are not compliance to their antibiotics once prescribed with reason of already felt better and healed from the illness. More than 50% of the respondents are believed that antibiotics can treat the viral infection and work on the cold or coughs. For the attitude’s aspect, more than 60% of the respondents are expecting the doctor to prescribed them antibiotics when they are having cold symptoms and 49.9% will take antibiotics when they get cold to help them recover more quickly. Conclusion: This study has showed that there about a quarter of respondents (36%) still using antibiotics in improper method of consumption. Besides, some of the respondents have misunderstanding perception toward anti- biotics and bad attitudes on compliance toward the antibiotics. Thus, this problem from the young adult population could contributes to the increasing trend of antibiotics resistance in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
Exploring the self-reported motivations of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use: a cross-sectional investigation

Grundmann O, Veltri CA, Morcos D, Knightes D, Smith KE, Singh D, et al.

Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 2022 Jul 04;48(4):433-444.
PMID: 35389321 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2022.2041026

Background: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use outside of Southeast Asia has increased over the past decade. Objectives: This investigation clarifies kratom's role in perceived well-being, overall health, and temporal correlation with drug use to understand kratom's role in the self-treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods: Between July 2019 and July 2020 an anonymous, cross-sectional, online survey was taken by 7,381 people who use kratom (PWUK) recruited through social media and other online resources. This included an assessment of (a) the relationship between self-reported overall health, concomitant use of drugs of misuse, and demographics; (b) the perceived effectiveness of kratom in self-treating diagnosed health conditions or symptoms; (c) the profile of PWUK primarily for drug dependence, pain, and mood or mental health conditions based on demographics. Results: A total of 5,152 valid responses (45.9% females/53.7% males) were collected. Kratom was primarily used for self-treating pain (73.0%) and improving emotional or mental health conditions (42.2%) without clinical supervision. Those with a SUD (synthetic opioids, methadone, benzodiazepines, or heroin) used kratom after discontinuing illicit or other drugs (94.8%). The primary substances taken before or concomitantly with kratom were cannabis, cannabidiol, benzodiazepines, or kava. PWUKs report a dose-dependent benefit for alleviating pain and relieving negative moods. Adverse effects were primarily gastrointestinal, typically at high (>5 g/dose) and frequent (>22 doses/week) dosing. Conclusions: Kratom was primarily used as a harm-reduction agent for SUDs and self-treatment of chronic conditions. Healthcare professionals need better information about kratom, its potential adverse effects, and clinically significant drug interactions.

Matched MeSH terms: Motivation

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