Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 6323 in total

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  1. Fulltext Panduratin A inhibits the growth of A549 cells through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of NF-kappaB translocation
    Cheah SC, Appleton DR, Lee ST, Lam ML, Hadi AH, Mustafa MR
    Molecules, 2011 Mar 21;16(3):2583-98.
    PMID: 21441862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16032583
    In the present study we investigated the effects of panduratin A, isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda, on proliferation and apoptosis in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis was determined by the real-time cellular analyzer (RTCA), MTT assay and High Content Screening (HCS). The RTCA assay indicated that panduratin A exhibited cytotoxicity, with an IC₅₀ value of 4.4 µg/mL (10.8 µM). Panduratin A arrested cancer cells labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and phospho-Histone H3 in the mitotic phase. The cytotoxic effects of panduratin A were found to be accompanied by a dose-dependent induction of apoptosis, as assessed by DNA condensation, nuclear morphology and intensity, cell permeability, mitochondrial mass/ potential, F-actin and cytochrome c. In addition, treatment with an apoptosis-inducing concentration of panduratin A resulted in significant inhibition of Nuclear Factor-kappa Beta (NF-κB) translocation from cytoplasm to nuclei activated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as illustrated by the HCS assay. Our study provides evidence for cell growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis by panduratin A in the A549 cell line, suggesting its therapeutic potential as an NF-κB inhibitor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Division/drug effects*; Apoptosis/drug effects*
  2. Effect of gestational ethanol exposure on long-term memory formation in newborn chicks
    Rao V, Chaudhuri JD
    Alcohol, 2007 Sep;41(6):433-9.
    PMID: 17624712
    Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), a condition occurring in some children of mothers who have consumed alcohol during pregnancy, is characterized by craniofacial malformations, and physical and mental retardation. It is significant that even children with history of gestational ethanol exposure but relatively unaffected overall IQ performance, often exhibit learning difficulties and behavioral problems, suggestive of impaired memory formation. Hence, the specific aim of this study was to examine memory formation in chicks exposed to ethanol during early gestation toward the understanding of neurobehavioral disturbances in FAS. Chicks were exposed to alcohol on gestational days 1-3 by injection of ethanol into the airspace of freshly fertilized eggs. The effects of prenatal ethanol on physical growth and development, and memory formation were studied. The one-trial passive avoidance learning paradigm in 1-day-old chicks was used to study memory formation in these chicks. It was observed that chick embryos exposed to 10% ethanol on gestational days 1-3 had significant reduction in all body parameters when compared with appropriate controls. Further, ethanol-exposed chick embryos had significantly impaired (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Chick Embryo/drug effects*; Memory/drug effects*
  3. Biocompatibility test of polyhydroxybutyrate on human cell line
    Raouf AA, Samsudin AR, Al-Joudi FS, Shamsuria O
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:101-2.
    PMID: 15468838
    The human fibroblast MRC-5 cells incubated with PHB granules (TM) added at a final concentration of 4 mg/ml showed a time-course pattern of survival. The percentages of dead cells obtained were at the rate of 3.8% after 7 days, respectively. When the MRC-5 cells grown in different material, using the test concentration of 4 mg/ml PCM, they were found to show a similar time-course increasing pattern of death as that obtained with PHB. However, the death was noted in the cells incubated for 7 days, the death rates obtained was 40.54% respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival/drug effects*; Fibroblasts/drug effects
  4. Cinnamtannin B1 activity on adipocytes formation
    Taher M, Abdul Majid FA, Sarmidi MR
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:97-8.
    PMID: 15468836
    In attempt to discover a small active compound that could promote adipogenesis, we investigated the ability of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extracts to stimulate 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, In this study, we designed an experiment by replacing insulin with cinnamon extracts. The differentiated of 3T3-L1 adipocytes were monitored using oil red O staining method. Induction of adipocyte formation by cinnamtannin B1 or water extract gave the similar effects to insulin activity in adipogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Differentiation/drug effects*; Adipocytes/drug effects*
  5. Fulltext Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induction via Modulation of Mitochondrial Integrity by Bcl-2 Family Members and Caspase Dependence in Dracaena cinnabari-Treated H400 Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    Alabsi AM, Lim KL, Paterson IC, Ali-Saeed R, Muharram BA
    Biomed Res Int, 2016;2016:4904016.
    PMID: 27123447 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4904016
    Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f. is a red resin endemic to Socotra Island, Yemen. Although there have been several reports on its therapeutic properties, information on its cytotoxicity and anticancer effects is very limited. This study utilized a bioassay-guided fractionation approach to determine the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of D. cinnabari on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The cytotoxic effects of D. cinnabari crude extract were observed in a panel of OSCC cell lines and were most pronounced in H400. Only fractions DCc and DCd were active on H400 cells; subfractions DCc15 and DCd16 exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against H400 cells and D. cinnabari inhibited cells proliferation in a time-dependent manner. This was achieved primarily via apoptosis where externalization of phospholipid phosphatidylserine was observed using DAPI/Annexin V fluorescence double staining mechanism studied through mitochondrial membrane potential assay cytochrome c enzyme-linked immunosorbent and caspases activities revealed depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and significant activation of caspases 9 and 3/7, concomitant with S phase arrest. Apoptotic proteins array suggested that MMP was regulated by Bcl-2 proteins family as results demonstrated an upregulation of Bax, Bad, and Bid as well as downregulation of Bcl-2. Hence, D. cinnabari has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fibroblasts/drug effects; Mitochondria/drug effects; Nucleosomes/drug effects; Signal Transduction/drug effects; S Phase/drug effects; Apoptosis/drug effects*; Cell Shape/drug effects; Cell Proliferation/drug effects; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects; DNA Fragmentation/drug effects; Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects*
  6. Fulltext 5-Fluorocytosine resistance in clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans
    Chin CS, Cheong YM, Wong YH
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):194-8.
    PMID: 2696871
    Thirty six clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans were tested for their susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations. 22.2% of the isolates were resistant to 5-fluorocytosine and 36.1% indicated 5-fluorocytosine tolerance. All strains were sensitive to amphotericin B.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cryptococcus/drug effects*; Cryptococcus neoformans/drug effects*
  7. The effects of thyroxine treatment on slow- and fast-contracting skeletal muscle contractions of the cat and their cyclic AMP level
    Merican Z, Sukumaran S, Raji VL, Rajikin MH, Khalid BA
    Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 1992 Dec;19(12):843-6.
    PMID: 1335382
    1. The effects of thyroxine treatment on soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle contractions and their cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were examined in anaesthetized cats. 2. Thyroxine treatment decreased the tension of incomplete tetanic contractions of the soleus as well as the EDL muscles. The effect on tension of these muscles was not associated with an increase in the cyclic AMP level of the muscle as is the case with a beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist effect. 3. The results do not support the involvement of cyclic AMP in the tension depressant effect of thyroxine on contractions of skeletal muscle. 4. It is suggested that the muscle weakness and tremor observed in thyrotoxicosis and during administration of beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists are mediated by different mechanisms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscle Contraction/drug effects*; Muscles/drug effects*
  8. Fulltext Plasmodium knowlesi exhibits distinct in vitro drug susceptibility profiles from those of Plasmodium falciparum
    van Schalkwyk DA, Blasco B, Davina Nuñez R, Liew JWK, Amir A, Lau YL, et al.
    Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist, 2019 04;9:93-99.
    PMID: 30831468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.02.004
    New antimalarial agents are identified and developed after extensive testing on Plasmodium falciparum parasites that can be grown in vitro. These susceptibility studies are important to inform lead optimisation and support further drug development. Until recently, little was known about the susceptibility of non-falciparum species as these had not been adapted to in vitro culture. The recent culture adaptation of P. knowlesi has therefore offered an opportunity to routinely define the drug susceptibility of this species, which is phylogenetically closer to all other human malarias than is P. falciparum. We compared the in vitro susceptibility of P. knowlesi and P. falciparum to a range of established and novel antimalarial agents under identical assay conditions. We demonstrated that P. knowlesi is significantly less susceptible than P. falciparum to six of the compounds tested; and notably these include three ATP4 inhibitors currently under development as novel antimalarial agents, and one investigational antimalarial, AN13762, which is 67 fold less effective against P. knowlesi. For the other compounds there was a less than two-fold difference in susceptibility between species. We then compared the susceptibility of a recent P. knowlesi isolate, UM01, to that of the well-established, older A1-H.1 clone. This recent isolate showed similar in vitro drug susceptibility to the A1-H.1 clone, supporting the ongoing use of the better characterised clone to further study drug susceptibility. Lastly, we used isobologram analysis to explore the interaction of a selection of drug combinations and showed similar drug interactions across species. The species differences in drug susceptibility reported by us here and previously, support adding in vitro drug screens against P. knowlesi to those using P. falciparum strains to inform new drug discovery and lead optimisation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects*; Plasmodium knowlesi/drug effects*
  9. Proteomic analysis of flavokawain C-induced cell death in HCT 116 colon carcinoma cell line
    Phang CW, Gandah NA, Abd Malek SN, Karsani SA
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2019 Jun 15;853:388-399.
    PMID: 31014923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.032
    Flavokawain C (FKC), a naturally occurring chalcone, has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of colon carcinoma HCT 116 cells through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, the possible underlying mechanisms of cell death as a response to FKC treatment remains unclear. In this study, we performed proteomic analysis of HCT 116 cells treated with FKC to identify proteins that change in abundance. This was followed by bioinformatic analysis to predict possible associated molecular targets or pathways involved in the observed effects of FKC. A total of 35 proteins that changed in abundance (17 increased and 18 decreased) were identified through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). Using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), these proteins were predicted to be involved in cell death and survival, cell cycle, cellular growth and proliferation, protein synthesis, post-translational modification and amino acid metabolism by. Further analysis of the transcript levels of selected proteins using qPCR showed that some of the genes exhibited similar change of profile to that of the proteins'. Our results have provided novel insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying FKC-induced apoptosis or cell death in colon cancer cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Signal Transduction/drug effects; Cell Death/drug effects
  10. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bifidobacteria
    Yazid AM, Ali AM, Shuhaimi M, Kalaivaani V, Rokiah MY, Reezal A
    Lett Appl Microbiol, 2000 Jul;31(1):57-62.
    PMID: 10886616
    Eighteen Bifidobacterium strains were tested for their susceptibility to a range of antimicrobial agents. All the strains tested, including the reference culture Lactobacillus acidophilus CH2, were susceptible to several groups of antimicrobial agents, they were cephalosporin (cefamandole, cefazolin, cefaperazone, cefoxitin), polypeptide (bacitracin), macrolide (erythromycin), penicillin (amoxicillin), phenicol (chloramphenicol) and beta-lactam (imipenem). Fourteen strains were resistant to more than 10 antibiotics. The reference culture was resistant to only three antibiotics. The results showed that bifidobacteria are resistant to a wide range of antimicrobial agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bifidobacterium/drug effects*; Lactobacillus acidophilus/drug effects
  11. Fulltext The Skeletal Effects of Tanshinones: A Review
    Ekeuku SO, Pang KL, Chin KY
    Molecules, 2021 Apr 16;26(8).
    PMID: 33923673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082319
    BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis results from excessive bone resorption and reduced bone formation, triggered by sex hormone deficiency, oxidative stress and inflammation. Tanshinones are a class of lipophilic phenanthrene compounds found in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which contribute to its anti-osteoporosis effects. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the skeletal beneficial effects of tanshinones.

    METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in January 2021 using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science from the inception of these databases. Original studies reporting the effects of tanshinones on bone through cell cultures, animal models and human clinical trials were considered.

    RESULTS: The literature search found 158 unique articles on this topic, but only 20 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence showed that tanshinones promoted osteoblastogenesis and bone formation while reducing osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.

    CONCLUSIONS: Tanshinones modulates bone remodelling by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast apoptosis and stimulating osteoblastogenesis. Therefore, it might complement existing strategies to prevent bone loss.

    Matched MeSH terms: Osteoblasts/drug effects; Osteogenesis/drug effects
  12. Fulltext Reply to "chloroquine, an antifungal but also a fertility drug"
    Islahudin F, Ting KN, Pleass RJ, Avery SV
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2013 Nov;57(11):5787.
    PMID: 24123347 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01688-13
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Wall/drug effects*; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects*
  13. Fulltext Evaluation of Sumithion L-40 against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse
    Loke SR, Sing KW, Teoh GN, Lee HL
    Trop Biomed, 2015 Mar;32(1):76-83.
    PMID: 25801256 MyJurnal
    Space spraying of chemical insecticides is still an important mean of controlling Aedes mosquitoes and dengue transmission. For this purpose, the bioefficacy of space-sprayed chemical insecticide should be evaluated from time to time. A simulation field trial was conducted outdoor in an open field and indoor in unoccupied flat units in Kuala Lumpur, to evaluate the adulticidal and larvicidal effects of Sumithion L-40, a ULV formulation of fenitrothion. A thermal fogger with a discharge rate of 240 ml/min was used to disperse Sumithion L-40 at 3 different dosages (350 ml/ha, 500 ml/ha, 750 ml/ha) against lab-bred larvae and adult female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. An average of more than 80% adult mortality was achieved for outdoor space spray, and 100% adult mortality for indoor space spray, in all tested dosages. Outdoor larvicidal effect was noted up to 14 days and 7 days at a dosage of 500 and 750 ml/ha for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively. Indoor larvicidal effect was up to 21 days (500 ml/ha) and 14 days (750 ml/ha), respectively, after spraying with larval mortality > 50% against Ae. aegypti. This study concluded that the effective dosage of Sumithion L-40 thermally applied against adult Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus indoor and outdoor is 500 and 750 ml/ha. Based on these dosages, effective indoor spray volume is 0.4 - 0.6 ml/m³. Additional indoor and outdoor larvicidal effect will be observed at these application dosages, in addition to adult mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/drug effects*; Larva/drug effects
  14. Fulltext Mesosomes are a definite event in antibiotic-treated Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
    Santhana Raj L, Hing HL, Baharudin O, Teh Hamidah Z, Aida Suhana R, Nor Asiha CP, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2007 Jun;24(1):105-9.
    PMID: 17568383 MyJurnal
    Mesosomes of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 treated with antibiotics were examined morphologically under the electron microscope. The Transmission Electron Microscope Rapid Method was used to eliminate the artifacts due to sample processing. Mesosomes were seen in all the antibiotic treated bacteria and not in the control group. The main factor that contributes to the formation of mesosomes in the bacteria was the mode of action of the antibiotics. The continuous cytoplasmic membrane with infolding (mesosomes) as in the S. aureus ATCC 25923 is therefore confirmed as a definite pattern of membrane organization in gram positive bacteria assaulted by amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and oxacillin antibiotics. Our preliminary results show oxacillin and vancomycin treated bacteria seemed to have deeper and more mesosomes than those treated with amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Further research is needed to ascertain whether the deep invagination and the number of mesosomes formed is associated with the types of antibiotic used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Membrane/drug effects; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects*
  15. Fulltext Effects of vitamin E and soybean oil supplementation on sperm parameters in male Sprague-Dawley rats
    Naseem M, Goh YM, Hafandi A, Amal NM, Kufli CN, Rajion MA
    Trop Biomed, 2007 Dec;24(2):45-8.
    PMID: 18209707 MyJurnal
    This study was performed to determine the effects of dietary vitamin E and soybean oil (a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids) on the sperm concentration and motility in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats with body weights between 250 - 300 gms were randomly allotted into five treatment groups with three animals each. The trial lasted 63 weeks inclusive of a one week acclimatization period. Rats were fed either CTRL (Base Diet + 5 % Soybean Oil + 3000 IU Vitamin E), BD Only (Base Diet Only), BDVitE (Base Diet + 3000 IU Vitamin E Only), BDSBO (Base Diet + Soybean Oil Only) or COMM (Imported Commercial Rat Pellets). At the end of the trial, the rats were euthanized and sperm concentration and motility were evaluated for both left and right testicles. It was found that although sperm motility had no significant difference across treatment groups, animals supplemented with adequate vitamin E and soybean oils had significantly higher concentration of sperms. It was also shown that vitamin E supplementation alone is more important than dietary fat supplementation in influencing sperm concentration in rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Semen/drug effects; Spermatogenesis/drug effects
  16. Fulltext Laboratory evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 against Aedes aegypti
    Lee YW, Zairi J
    Trop Biomed, 2005 Jun;22(1):5-10.
    PMID: 16880748
    Laboratory efficacy and residual activity of a water dispersible granule formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) at the dosages of 3000, 6000 and 15000 ITU/L were conducted in this study. The study was conducted in two different size containers, earthen jar (45 L) and glass jar (3 L) with or without daily replenishment of 6 L and 0.3 L of water in the earthen and glass jars, respectively. Results indicate that for both earthen jar and glass jar evaluations, Bti at the tested dosages, performed effectively against Aedes aegypti, giving a minimum of 42 days effective killing activity. When the dosage was increased from 3000 ITU/L to 6000 ITU/L or 15000 ITU/L, the effective periods of the Bti increased by an additional one to three weeks. The Bti water dispersible granule provided better larvicidal activity with replenishment of water compared with non-replenishment of water especially for the higher dosage (15000 ITU/L).
    Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/drug effects*; Insect Vectors/drug effects
  17. Prostaglandin F 2 for induction of labour
    Cheah SF, Khairuddin Y
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Mar;27(3):211-6.
    PMID: 4268927
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscle Contraction/drug effects; Uterus/drug effects
  18. Effects of sublethal concentrations of dieldrin on Culex pipiens fatigans
    Thomas V
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Mar;27(3):225-30.
    PMID: 4268931
    Matched MeSH terms: Culex/drug effects*; Larva/drug effects
  19. Fulltext Clinical Effects of Krachaidum ( Kaempferia parviflora): A Systematic Review
    Saokaew S, Wilairat P, Raktanyakan P, Dilokthornsakul P, Dhippayom T, Kongkaew C, et al.
    J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med, 2017 07;22(3):413-428.
    PMID: 27694558 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216669628
    Kaempferia parviflora (Krachaidum) is a medicinal plant in the family Zingiberaceae. Its rhizome has been used as folk medicine for many centuries. A number of pharmacological studies of Krachaidum had claimed benefits for various ailments. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically search and summarize the clinical evidences of Krachaidum in all identified indications. Of 683 records identified, 7 studies were included. From current clinical trials, Krachaidum showed positive benefits but remained inconclusive since small studies were included. Even though results found that Krachaidum significantly increased hand grip strength and enhanced sexual erotic stimuli, these were based on only 2 studies and 1 study, respectively. With regard to harmful effects, we found no adverse events reported even when Krachaidum 1.35 g/day was used. Therefore, future studies of Krachaidum are needed with regards to both safety and efficacy outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Metabolism/drug effects; Penile Erection/drug effects
  20. Fulltext Mixed-mode oscillations in pyramidal neurons under antiepileptic drug conditions
    V-Ghaffari B, Kouhnavard M, Elbasiouny SM
    PLoS One, 2017;12(6):e0178244.
    PMID: 28591171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178244
    Subthreshold oscillations in combination with large-amplitude oscillations generate mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs), which mediate various spatial and temporal cognition and memory processes and behavioral motor tasks. Although many studies have shown that canard theory is a reliable method to investigate the properties underlying the MMOs phenomena, the relationship between the results obtained by applying canard theory and conductance-based models of neurons and their electrophysiological mechanisms are still not well understood. The goal of this study was to apply canard theory to the conductance-based model of pyramidal neurons in layer V of the Entorhinal Cortex to investigate the properties of MMOs under antiepileptic drug conditions (i.e., when persistent sodium current is inhibited). We investigated not only the mathematical properties of MMOs in these neurons, but also the electrophysiological mechanisms that shape spike clustering. Our results show that pyramidal neurons can display two types of MMOs and the magnitude of the slow potassium current determines whether MMOs of type I or type II would emerge. Our results also indicate that slow potassium currents with large time constant have significant impact on generating the MMOs, as opposed to fast inward currents. Our results provide complete characterization of the subthreshold activities in MMOs in pyramidal neurons and provide explanation to experimental studies that showed MMOs of type I or type II in pyramidal neurons under antiepileptic drug conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Membrane Potentials/drug effects*; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects
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