Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 230 in total

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  1. Fulltext Physicochemical and sensory analysis of instant cereal beverage incorporated with corncob powder
    Lee, C.M., Tang, T.K., Lai, O.M., Chan, Y.L., Gan, Y.L., Tan C.P.
    Food Research, 2018;2(5):453-459.
    MyJurnal
    The primary objectives of this study were to process corncob into corncob powder (CCP)
    and to apply CCP in the formulation of instant cereal beverage (ICB) in order to produce
    high fibre ICB, and to investigate the physicochemical and sensory properties of the
    corncob-based instant cereal beverage. Corncobs were sourced and washed thoroughly
    before drying and grinding into CCP. CCP was then imparted into ICB formulation in
    three different ratios (10, 20 and 30% w/w) to partially substitute corn flour in the
    formulation. All four ICB samples including the commercial counterpart were analysed
    for their physicochemical and sensory properties. The incorporation of CCP has affected
    the viscosity, colour and sensory attributes significantly of the produced ICB. Higher
    contents of CCP in the formulation was found to be responsible for less viscous and
    browner effect compared to the commercial ICB samples. Formulation of ICB
    incorporated with 30% w/w CCP had the highest mean scores (6.00, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  2. Optimization of injection molding and solvent debinding parameters of stainless steel powder (SS316L) based feedstock for metal injection molding
    MUHAMMAD ILMAN HAKIMI CHUA, ABU BAKAR SULONG, MOHD FAZURI ABDULLAH, NORHAMIDI MUHAMAD
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1743-1750.
    In this study, injection molding parameters, including green strength, surface quality and green part density, were optimized using the L18 Taguchi orthogonal array. The L25 Taguchi method was used to optimize the green density of solvent debinding parameters. The feedstock consisted of stainless steel powder (SS316L), with powder loading fractions of 63, 63.5 and 64 v/o. The binder compositions used in the study were polyethelene glycol (PEG-73 wt. %), polymethyl methacrilate (PMMA-25 wt. %) and stearic acid (2 wt. %). The Taguchi method was used to optimize the injection parameters. The obtained optimum parameters were as follows: mold temperature of 65oC, injection temperature of 145oC, injection pressure of 650 bar, injection flow rate of 20 m3/s, holding time of 5 s and powder loading of 64% v/o. Analysis of variance results showed that mold temperature has the greatest influence in the production of good green part surface quality and that powder loading gave the best green part strength. Immersion time and temperature were used to optimize for solvent debinding parameters. By optimizing the solvent debinding parameters, an immersion temperature of 61oC and immersion time of 5 h produced the highest density which is the optimum value gain in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  3. Effect of four selected plant powder as rice grain protectant against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
    Asmanizar, Djamin A, Idris A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:863-869.
    A study to evaluate the effect of four selected plant powder as rice grain protectant against Sitophilus zeamais adult mortality, F1 progeny production, weight loss and rice grain damaged was conducted. The plant powders used were made from seed of Annona muricata, Jatropha curcas, Azadirachta indica and from leaf of J. curcas at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5% (w/w) concentrations. Probit analysis showed that J. curcas seed powder was highly toxic (LC50 = 0.28%) to S. zeamais adult followed by A. muricata seed (LC50 = 0.33%), J. curcas leaf (LC50 = 1.15%) and A. indica seed (LC50= 3.63%). The Annona muricata and J. curcas seed had caused the highest mean mortality (100 and 98.85%) at 2% concentration, while the A. indica seed and J. curcas leaf powder had only caused 32.32 and 77.84%, respectively at 2.5% concentration. There was no progeny produced, no weight loss recorded and no rice grain damaged on treated rice grain with A. muricata and J. curcas seed at 1% concentration. In contrast, J. curcas leaf and A. indica seed powder had the least toxicity effect on the weevil as shown by number of progeny produced (167 and 228), total of weight loss (10.04 and 10.49%) and rice grain damaged (19.35 and 21.14%) even at the highest powder concentration (2.5%)
    tested. Results of this study revealed the potential of J. curcas and A. muricata seed powder to be used in controlling S. zeamais on stored rice grain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  4. Optimization of microencapsulation process for self-healing polymeric material
    Then S, Gan SN, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1179-1186.
    A series of poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules filled with dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) was successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. The effect of diverse process parameters and ingredients on the morphology of the microcapsules was observed by SEM, optical microscopy (OM) and digital microscopy. Different techniques for the characterization of the chemical structure and the core content were considered such as FT-IR and 1H-NMR as well as the characterization of thermal properties by DSC. High yields of free flowing powder of spherical microcapsules were produced. The synthesized microcapsules can be incorporated into another polymeric host material. In the event the host material cracks due to excessive stress or strong impact, the microcapsules would rupture to release the DCPD, which could polymerize to repair the crack.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  5. Fulltext Effect of windscreen glass waste powder (WGWP) mortar on water absorption
    Nik Anisah Nik Ngah, Maziah Muda, Ahmad Nasrul Hisyam Hamzah, Mohamad Awang, Kartini Kamaruddin
    Journal of Engineering and Science Research, 2018;2(4):7-11.
    MyJurnal
    Diverting waste material from landfill sites has a big implication for the creation of new markets and has environmental benefits through offsetting the need for the extraction of raw materials. Besides, the major attention especially in construction industry is the problem to make natural resources sustainable for three to four decades in future. However, in this study finely glass powder with pozzolanic properties is found to be a partial replacement for cement and can acts as filler in the microstructure of a mortar block. Thus, a study was conducted to see the effects of various proportions of windscreen glass waste powder (WGWP) in determining the degree of water absorption on mortar incorporated with WGWP and to determine the optimum replacement to the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with WGWP. Several compositions of WGWP (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by cement weight) of mortar cube sample were prepared and cured at 7, 28 and 60 days to undergo a water absorption test. From this research, it shows that the use of WGWP was found to be the best features pozzolanic enough to use as a partial replacement for cement and it can reduced the pores of mortar by blocking the large voids in the hydrated cement paste through pozzolanic reaction. In the term of water absorption, the lowest reading was achieved in 15% and it can be said that 15% replacement is the optimum replacement of OPC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  6. Application of acid-modified Imperata cylindrica powder for latent fingerprint development
    Low WZ, Khoo BE, Aziz ZB, Low LW, Teng TT, bin Abdullah AF
    Sci Justice, 2015 Sep;55(5):347-54.
    PMID: 26385718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2015.04.008
    A novel powdering material that utilizes acid-modified Imperata cylindrica (IC) powder for the development of fingermarks was studied. Experiments were carried out to determine the suitability, adherence quality and sensitivity of the acid-modified IC powder. Fingermarks of different constituents (eccrine, sebaceous and natural fingermarks) on different types of surfaces were used. Acid-modified IC powder was also used to develop fingermarks of different ages as well as aged fingermarks recovered from the water. From the visual inspection, acid-modified IC powder was able to interact with different fingermark constituents and produced distinct ridge details on the examined surfaces. It was also able to develop aged fingermarks and fingermarks that were submerged in water. A statistical comparison was made against the Sirchie® Hi-Fi black powder in terms of the powders' sensitivity and quality of the developed natural fingermarks. The image quality was analyzed using MITRE's Image Quality of Fingerprint (IQF) software. From the experiments, acid-modified IC powder has the potential as a fingermark development powder, although natural fingermarks developed by Sirchie® black powder showed better quality and sensitivity based on the results of the statistical comparison.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  7. Effect of Milling Time on the Microstructure, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Al-Al₂O₃ Nanocomposite Synthesized by Ball Milling and Powder Metallurgy
    Toozandehjani M, Matori KA, Ostovan F, Abdul Aziz S, Mamat MS
    Materials (Basel), 2017 Oct 26;10(11).
    PMID: 29072632 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111232
    The effect of milling time on the morphology, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of pure Al-5 wt % Al₂O₃ (Al-5Al₂O₃) has been investigated. Al-5Al₂O₃ nanocomposites were fabricated using ball milling in a powder metallurgy route. The increase in the milling time resulted in the homogenous dispersion of 5 wt % Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, the reduction of particle clustering, and the reduction of distances between the composite particles. The significant grain refining during milling was revealed which showed as a reduction of particle size resulting from longer milling time. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the nanocomposite powders also showed that designated ball milling contributes to the crystalline refining and accumulation of internal stress due to induced severe plastic deformation of the particles. It can be argued that these morphological and microstructural variations of nanocomposite powders induced by designated ball milling time was found to contribute to an improvement in the density, densification, micro-hardness (HV), nano-hardness (HN), and Young's modulus (E) of Al-5Al₂O₃ nanocomposites. HV, HN, and E values of nanocomposites were increased by ~48%, 46%, and 40%, after 12 h of milling, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  8. Fulltext Surface Characteristics and Catalytic Activity of Copper Deposited Porous Silicon Powder
    Halim MYA, Tan WL, Bakar NHHA, Bakar MA
    Materials (Basel), 2014 Dec 04;7(12):7737-7751.
    PMID: 28788272 DOI: 10.3390/ma7127737
    Porous structured silicon or porous silicon (PS) powder was prepared by chemical etching of silicon powder in an etchant solution of HF: HNO₃: H₂O (1:3:5 v/v). An immersion time of 4 min was sufficient for depositing Cu metal from an aqueous solution of CuSO₄ in the presence of HF. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the Cu particles aggregated upon an increase in metal content from 3.3 wt% to 9.8 wt%. H₂-temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) profiles reveal that re-oxidation of the Cu particles occurs after deposition. Furthermore, the profiles denote the existence of various sizes of Cu metal on the PS. The Cu-PS powders show excellent catalytic reduction on the p-nitrophenol regardless of the Cu loadings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  9. Fulltext Preventing Crystal Agglomeration of Pharmaceutical Crystals Using Temperature Cycling and a Novel Membrane Crystallization Procedure for Seed Crystal Generation
    Simone E, Othman R, Vladisavljević GT, Nagy ZK
    Pharmaceutics, 2018 Jan 24;10(1).
    PMID: 29364167 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010017
    In this work, a novel membrane crystallization system was used to crystallize micro-sized seeds of piroxicam monohydrate by reverse antisolvent addition. Membrane crystallization seeds were compared with seeds produced by conventional antisolvent addition and polymorphic transformation of a fine powdered sample of piroxicam form I in water. The membrane crystallization process allowed for a consistent production of pure monohydrate crystals with narrow size distribution and without significant agglomeration. The seeds were grown in 350 g of 20:80w/wacetone-water mixture. Different seeding loads were tested and temperature cycling was applied in order to avoid agglomeration of the growing crystals during the process. Focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM); and particle vision and measurement (PVM) were used to monitor crystal growth; nucleation and agglomeration during the seeded experiments. Furthermore; Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor solute concentration and estimate the overall yield of the process. Membrane crystallization was proved to be the most convenient and consistent method to produce seeds of highly agglomerating compounds; which can be grown via cooling crystallization and temperature cycling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  10. Utilization of cockle shell powder as an adsorbent to remove phosphorus-containing wastewater
    Nayeem A, Mizi F, Ali MF, Shariffuddin JH
    Environ Res, 2023 Jan 01;216(Pt 2):114514.
    PMID: 36216117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114514
    The paper demonstrates the capability of using cockle shells as an adsorbent for phosphorus removal from simulated petrochemical wastewater, focusing on the actual condition of the petrochemical facultative pond. In this study, the physicochemical properties of shell powder were determined, such as the functional groups, surface morphology, crystalline structure, and surface area using FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD, and BET. It was observed that the optimum conditions for effective phosphorus removal are under the presence of rotational speed (125 rpm), higher dosage (7 g/L), and larger surface area (smaller particle size) of the shell powder. Fine powder achieved up to 52.27% of phosphorus removal after 40 min compared to coarse powder which could only give 16.67% removal. Additionally, calcined shell powder demonstrated a higher phosphorus removal rate, i.e., up to 62.37%, compared to raw shell powders. The adsorption isotherm was studied using Langmuir and Freundlich models, but the isothermal data fit better for the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.9836). Overall, this study has successfully generated a greener and low-cost adsorbent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  11. In vivo anti-tumor activity of Lignosus rhinocerus TM02® using a MCF7-xenograft NCr nude mice model
    Ng MJ, Kong BH, Teoh KH, Yap YH, Ng ST, Tan CS, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2023 Mar 25;304:115957.
    PMID: 36509254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115957
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden (also known as Tiger Milk mushroom, TMM), is a basidiomycete belonging to the Polyporaceae family. It has been documented to be used by traditional Chinese physicians and indigenous people in Southeast Asia to treat a variety of illnesses, such as gastritis, arthritis, and respiratory conditions, as well as to restore patients' physical well-being. TMM has also been used in folk medicine to treat cancer. For example, people from the indigenous Kensiu tribe of northeast Kedah (Malaysia) apply shredded TMM sclerotium mixed with water directly onto breast skin to treat breast cancer, while Chinese practitioners from Hong Kong, China prescribe TMM sclerotium as a treatment for liver cancer. L. rhinocerus has previously been demonstrated to possess selective anti-proliferative properties in vitro, however pre-clinical in vivo research has not yet been conducted.

    AIM OF STUDY: This study aimed to examine the anti-tumor activities of L. rhinocerus TM02®, using two different sample preparations [cold water extract (CWE) and fraction] via various routes of administration (oral and intraperitoneal) on an MCF7-xenograft nude mouse model. This study also investigated the inhibitory effect of TM02® CWE and its fractions against COX-2 in vitro using LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, on the basis of the relationship between COX-2 and metastasis, apoptosis resistance, as well as the proliferation of cancer cells.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first preparation, L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotium powder (TSP) was dissolved in cold water to obtain the cold water extract (CWE). It was further fractionated based on its molecular weight to obtain the high (HMW), medium (MMW) and low (LMW) molecular weight fractions. The second preparation, known as the TM02® rhinoprolycan fraction (TRF), was obtained by combining the HMW and MMW fractions. TSP was given orally to mimic the daily consumption of a supplement; TRF was administered intraperitoneally to mimic typical tumorous cancer treatment with a rapid and more thorough absorption through the peritoneal cavity. Another experiment was conducted to examine changes in COX-2 activity in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages after a 1-h pre-treatment with CWE, HMW, and MMW.

    RESULTS: Our results revealed that intraperitoneal TRF-injection (90 μg/g BW) for 20 days reduced initial tumor volume by ∼64.3% (n = 5). The percentage of apoptotic cells was marginally higher in TRF-treated mice vs. control, suggesting that induction of apoptosis as one of the factors that led to tumor shrinkage. TSP (500 μg/g BW) oral treatment (n = 5) for 63 days (inclusive of pre-treatment prior to tumor inoculation) effectively inhibited tumor growth. Four of the five tumors totally regressed, demonstrating the effectiveness of TSP ingestion in suppressing tumor growth. Although no significant changes were found in mouse serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-5, IL-6 and CCL2), some increasing and decreasing trends were observed. This may suggest the immunomodulatory potential of these treatments that can directly or indirectly affect tumor growth. Pre-treatment with CWE, HMW and MMW significantly reduced COX-2 activity in RAW264.7 macrophages upon 24 h LPS-stimulation, suggesting the potential of L. rhinocerus TM02® extract and fractions in regulating M1/M2 polarization.

    CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of our investigation, both the rhinoprolycan fraction and crude sclerotial powder from L. rhinocerus TM02® demonstrated tumor suppressive effects, indicating that they contain substances with strong anticancer potential. The antitumor effects of L. rhinocerus TM02® in our study highlights the potential for further explorations into its mechanism of action and future development as a prophylactic or adjunct therapeutic against tumorous cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  12. Effects of eggshell and seashell powder as natural dietary calcium supplements on growth, molting frequency, and carapace calcium composition of juvenile red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus
    Shahroom A, Shapawi R, Mustafa S, Abd Halid NF, Estim A, Daning Tuzan A
    PeerJ, 2023;11:e15449.
    PMID: 37456888 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15449
    The growth performance of red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, fed diets with different sources and concentrations of natural calcium was evaluated. Formulated diets containing 30% protein and 8% lipid were prepared using supplementation of 0 (control), 3%, 6%, 9% eggshell, and 6% seashell. C. quadricarinatus juveniles with an average total weight of 0.21 ± 0.01 g and length of 25.0 ± 0.10 mm were obtained from ten ovigerous females bred in captivity. An aquarium with a size of 0.72 m² was divided into eight compartments with an area of 0.09 m² per compartment and was individually stocked with juvenile crayfish. A total of eight juvenile crayfish were used per dietary treatment. There were five dietary treatments in total and each of these treatments were replicated three times. The addition of eggshell and seashell powder exerted positive effects on the growth performance, molting frequency, and survival of the crayfish. Crayfish fed with a 6% eggshell-supplemented diet exhibited the best overall growth performance. The calcium percentage of the carapace increased with the increase in calcium content of the diets. Meanwhile, the performance of diets comprising eggshells and seashells was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Considering the low cost and abundance of eggshells, the addition of 6% of this product to the diet is recommended for the best growth of juvenile C. quadricarinatus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  13. Sustainability and mechanical property assessment of concrete incorporating eggshell powder and silica fume as binary and ternary cementitious materials
    Sohu S, Bheel N, Jhatial AA, Ansari AA, Shar IA
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Aug;29(39):58685-58697.
    PMID: 35366210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19894-5
    Cement production emits a significant carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, dramatically influencing the environment. Furthermore, a large amount of energy is consumed during the cement manufacturing process; since Pakistan is already facing an energy crisis, this high energy consumption by the cement industry puts further stress on Pakistan's energy sector. Hence, the price of cement is rising day by day. Furthermore, waste disposals and concrete ingredients' restoration after demolition have adversative effects on the environment. Therefore, using these wastes decreases cement manufacturing, thereby reducing energy consumption, but it also aids in safeguarding the environment. The study aimed to determine the concrete properties by partially replacing cement with only eggshell powder (ESP) and combining ESP and silica fume (SF) in a ternary binder system in the mixture. However, workability, water absorption, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were all investigated in this study. In this experimental study, cement was replaced as 5, 8, 11, 15, and 20% of ESP, along with 5, 10, and 15% of silica by weight of cement in concrete. Approximately 21 mixes were prepared, from which 01 control mix, 05 mixes of ESP alone, and 15 mixes designed with a blend of ESP and SF with a 1:1.25:3 mix ratio and 0.5 water-cement ratios. Study parameters advocate the substitution of 11% ESP and 10% SF as the optimal option for maximum strength. Furthermore, combining ESP and SF diminishes the composite concrete mixture's workability and dry density greatly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  14. Fulltext Sea grapes powder with the addition of tempe rich in collagen: An anti-aging functional food
    Permatasari HK, Nurkolis F, Vivo CD, Noor SL, Rahmawati R, Radu S, et al.
    F1000Res, 2021;10:789.
    PMID: 36237995 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55307.3
    Background: This study aimed to determine the potential anti-aging effects of sea grapes and tempe (fermented soybeans) collagen particle size, by measuring the activities of anti-glycation, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitors. Methods: Collagen was isolated from freeze-dried sea grapes and tempe powder and treated with different NaOH concentrations (0.10 M; 0.20 M; 0.30 M), and CH 3COOH 1 M solution, separately. The collagen particle size was adjusted by stirring at 1000 rpm for 5 and 10 hours. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to measure the antioxidant activity, and L-tyrosine and L-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) was used as a marker of tyrosine inhibition.  Results:  The collagen treated with 0.10 M NaOH produced the highest collagen yield (11.65%), and the largest particle size (2455 nm). Additionally, this collagen, when treated for 5 hours, exhibited 24.70% antioxidant activity, 62.60% anti-glycation, 8.97% L-tyrosine, and 26.77% L-Dopa inhibition activities. Meanwhile, the collagen treated for 10 hours had a 9.98% antioxidant activity, 41.48% anti-glycation, 7.89% L-tyrosine, and 2.67% L-Dopa inhibition activity.  Conclusion: Sea grapes and tempe collagen powder treated with 0.10 M NaOH and stirred for 5 hours, possess the best potential anti-aging properties as a functional food.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  15. Fulltext The influence of operational parameters and feed preparation in a convective batch ribbon powder mixer
    Yeow ST, Shahar A, Abdul Aziz N, Anuar MS, Yusof YA, Taip FS
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2011;5:465-9.
    PMID: 22162640 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S25047
    To investigate the effect of feed preparation characteristics and operational parameters on mixing homogeneity in a convective batch ribbon mixer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders*
  16. Fulltext Effect of added carbohydrates on glycemic and insulin responses to children’s milk products
    Brand-Miller J, Atkinson F, Rowan A
    Nutrients, 2013 Jan;5(1):23-31.
    PMID: 23306187 DOI: 10.3390/nu5010023
    Powdered milk products for children (Growing Up Milk Powders or GUMPs) containing added carbohydrates such as glucose and sucrose are now well established in parts of Asia. We surveyed GUMPs in Malaysia and Indonesia to determine the content of added carbohydrates. The ingredient lists and nutrition information panels were used to calculate the percentage of declared carbohydrates contributed by added carbohydrates and a subset of seven products was tested for their glycemic index (GI) and insulin responses in healthy adults. The glycemic load for each product was calculated. In total, 58 products (n = 24 in Malaysia and n = 34 in Indonesia) were surveyed. Added carbohydrate content (excluding fibre) ranged from 0 to 21.5 g per serve. Milk powders without added sources of carbohydrate had similar GI values to standard liquid whole milk. Products containing maltodextrins, corn or glucose syrups increased the GI by more than 2-fold, and glycemic load (GL) by 7-fold compared to milk powders with no added carbohydrates. Insulin responses were significantly but not strongly correlated with glucose responses (r = 0.32, p < 0.006). Children's milk powders containing higher levels of added carbohydrate ingredients elicit higher glucose and insulin responses than liquid or powdered whole milk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders/chemistry*
  17. Effect of storage temperature on the stability of spray dried bacteriophage powders
    Leung SSY, Parumasivam T, Nguyen A, Gengenbach T, Carter EA, Carrigy NB, et al.
    Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2018 Jun;127:213-222.
    PMID: 29486303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.033
    This study aimed to assess the robustness of using a spray drying approach and formulation design in producing inhalable phage powders. Two types of Pseudomonas phages, PEV2 (Podovirus) and PEV40 (Myovirus) in two formulations containing different amounts of trehalose (70% and 60%) and leucine (30% and 40%) were studied. Most of the surface of the produced powders was found to be covered in crystalline leucine. The powders were stored at 4 °C and 20 °C under vacuum. The phage stability and in vitro aerosol performance of the phage powders were examined on the day of production and after 1, 3 and 12 months of storage. A minor titer loss during production was observed for both phages (0.2-0.8 log10 pfu/ml). The storage stability of the produced phage powders was found to be phage and formulation dependent. No further reduction in titer occurred for PEV2 powders stored at 4 °C across the study. The formulation containing 30% leucine maintained the viability of PEV2 at 20 °C, while the formulation containing 40% leucine gradually lost titer over time with a storage reduction of ∼0.9 log10 pfu/ml measured after 12 months. In comparison, the PEV40 phage powders generally had a ∼ 0.5 log10 pfu/ml loss upon storage regardless of temperature. When aerosolized, the total in vitro lung doses of PEV2 were of the order of 107 pfu, except the formulation containing 40% leucine stored at 20 °C which had a lower lung dose. The PEV40 powders also had lung doses of 106-107 pfu. The results demonstrate that spray dried Myoviridae and Podoviridae phage in a simple formulation of leucine and trehalose can be successfully stored for one year at 4 °C and 20 °C with vacuum packaging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders/chemistry*
  18. Inhalation of Respirable Crystalline Rifapentine Particles Induces Pulmonary Inflammation
    Parumasivam T, Ashhurst AS, Nagalingam G, Britton WJ, Chan HK
    Mol Pharm, 2017 01 03;14(1):328-335.
    PMID: 27977216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00905
    Rifapentine is an anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug with a prolonged half-life, but oral delivery results in low concentrations in the lungs because of its high binding (98%) to plasma proteins. We have shown that inhalation of crystalline rifapentine overcomes the limitations of oral delivery by significantly enhancing and prolonging the drug concentration in the lungs. The delivery of crystalline particles to the lungs may promote inflammation. This in vivo study characterizes the inflammatory response caused by pulmonary deposition of the rifapentine particles. The rifapentine powder was delivered to BALB/c mice by intratracheal insufflation at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The inflammatory response in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was examined at 12 h, 24 h, and 7 days post-treatment by flow cytometry and histopathology. At 12 and 24 h post-treatment, there was a significant influx of neutrophils into the lungs, and this returned to normal by day 7. A significant recruitment of macrophages occurred in the BAL at 24 h. Consistent with these findings, histopathological analysis demonstrated pulmonary vascular congestion and significant macrophage recruitment at 12 and 24 h post-treatment. In conclusion, the pulmonary delivery of crystalline rifapentine caused a transient neutrophil-associated inflammatory response in the lungs that resolved over 7 days. This observation may limit pulmonary delivery of rifapentine to once a week at a dose of 20 mg/kg or less. The effectiveness of weekly dosing with inhalable rifapentine will be assessed in murine Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders/administration & dosage; Powders/adverse effects
  19. Fulltext Optical properties of ZnO/BaCO3 nanocomposites in UV and visible regions
    Zak AK, Hashim AM, Darroudi M
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2014;9(1):399.
    PMID: 25177218 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-399
    Pure zinc oxide and zinc oxide/barium carbonate nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs and ZB-NPs) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Auger spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD result showed that the ZnO and BaCO3 nanocrystals grow independently. The Auger spectroscopy proved the existence of carbon in the composites besides the Zn, Ba, and O elements. The UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed that the absorption edge of ZnO nanoparticles is redshifted by adding barium carbonate. In addition, the optical parameters including the refractive index and permittivity of the prepared samples were calculated using the UV-Vis spectra.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
  20. Fulltext A randomised controlled trial on hypolipidemic effects of Nigella Sativa seeds powder in menopausal women
    Ibrahim RM, Hamdan NS, Mahmud R, Imam MU, Saini SM, Rashid SN, et al.
    J Transl Med, 2014;12:82.
    PMID: 24685020 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-82
    The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is increased tremendously among menopausal women, and there is an increasing demand for alternative therapies for managing factors like dyslipidemia that contribute to CVD development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Powders
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