MyMedR

Prevention of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis in prisoners

Kamarulzaman A, Reid SE, Schwitters A, Wiessing L, El-Bassel N, Dolan K, et al.

Lancet, 2016 Sep 10;388(10049):1115-1126.

PMID: 27427456 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30769-3

The prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis are higher in prisons than in the general population in most countries worldwide. Prisons have emerged as a risk environment for these infections to be further concentrated, amplified, and then transmitted to the community after prisoners are released. In the absence of alternatives to incarceration, prisons and detention facilities could be leveraged to promote primary and secondary prevention strategies for these infections to improve prisoners health and reduce risk throughout incarceration and on release. Effective treatment of opioid use disorders with opioid agonist therapies (eg, methadone and buprenorphine) prevents blood-borne infections via reductions in injection in prison and after release. However, large gaps exist in the implementation of these strategies across all regions. Collaboration between the criminal justice and public health systems will be required for successful implementation of these strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/prevention & control*; Hepatitis C/prevention & control*; Tuberculosis/prevention & control*; HIV Infections/prevention & control*

Fulltext Do workplace physical activity interventions improve mental health outcomes?

Chu AH, Koh D, Moy FM, Müller-Riemenschneider F

Occup Med (Lond), 2014 Jun;64(4):235-45.

PMID: 24850815 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqu045

Mental health is an important issue in the working population. Interventions to improve mental health have included physical activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Anxiety/prevention & control*; Mental Disorders/prevention & control; Depression/prevention & control*; Stress, Psychological/prevention & control*

The effect of dexmedetomidine on delirium and agitation in patients in intensive care: systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis

Ng KT, Shubash CJ, Chong JS

Anaesthesia, 2019 Mar;74(3):380-392.

PMID: 30367689 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14472

Delirium is common in intensive care patients. Dexmedetomidine is increasingly used for sedation in this setting, but its effect on delirium remains unclear. The primary aim of this review was to examine whether dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of delirium and agitation in intensive care patients. We sought randomised clinical trials in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and CENTRAL from their inception until June 2018. Observational studies, case reports, case series and non-systematic reviews were excluded. Twenty-five trials including 3240 patients were eligible for inclusion in the data synthesis. In the patients who received dexmedetomidine (eight trials, 1425 patients), delirium was reduced, odds ratio (95%CI) 0.36 (0.26-0.51), p

Matched MeSH terms: Delirium/prevention & control*; Psychomotor Agitation/prevention & control*

Fulltext Characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic and control measures to curb transmission in Malaysia

Ng CFS, Seposo XT, Moi ML, Tajudin MABA, Madaniyazi L, Sahani M

Int J Infect Dis, 2020 Dec;101:409-411.

PMID: 33075527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.027

The first wave of COVID-19 epidemic began in late January in Malaysia and ended with a very small final size. The second wave of infections broke out in late February and grew rapidly in the first 3 weeks. Authorities in the country responded quickly with a series of control strategies collectively known as the Movement Control Order (MCO) with different levels of intensity matching the progression of the epidemic. We examined the characteristics of the second wave and discussed the key control strategies implemented in the country. In the second wave, the epidemic doubled in size every 3.8 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.3, 4.5) in the first month and decayed slowly after that with a halving time of approximately 3 weeks. The time-varying reproduction number Rt peaked at 3.1 (95% credible interval: 2.7, 3.5) in the 3rd week, declined sharply thereafter and stayed below 1 in the last 3 weeks of April, indicating low transmissibility approximately 3 weeks after the MCO. Experience of the country suggests that adaptive triggering of distancing policies combined with a population-wide movement control measure can be effective in suppressing transmission and preventing a rebound.

Matched MeSH terms: Epidemics/prevention & control; Pandemics/prevention & control

Fulltext Protection by tocotrienols against hypercholesterolaemia and atheroma (letter)

Pathmanathan R, Wong KT

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):117.

PMID: 7752967

Comment on: Teoh MK, Chong JM, Mohamed J, Phang KS. Protection by tocotrienols against hypercholesterolaemia and atheroma. Med J Malaysia. 1994 Sep;49(3):255-62

Matched MeSH terms: Arteriosclerosis/prevention & control*; Hypercholesterolemia/prevention & control*

Expanded programme on immunization. Poliomyelitis outbreak, 1992

Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec., 1993 Oct 8;68(41):297-300.

PMID: 8240941

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control*; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control

Prevalence and prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus

Balakumar P, Maung-U K, Jagadeesh G

Pharmacol Res, 2016 11;113(Pt A):600-609.

PMID: 27697647 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.040

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become important causes of mortality on a global scale. According to the report of World Health Organization (WHO), NCDs killed 38 million people (out of 56 million deaths that occurred worldwide) during 2012. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for most NCD deaths (17.5 million NCD deaths), followed by cancers (8.2 million NCD deaths), respiratory diseases (4.0 million NCD deaths) and diabetes mellitus (1.5 million NCD deaths). Globally, the leading cause of death is cardiovascular diseases; their prevalence is incessantly progressing in both developed and developing nations. Diabetic patients with insulin resistance are even at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity, high cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and elevated blood pressure are mainly considered as major risk factors for diabetic patients afflicted with cardiovascular disease. The present review sheds light on the global incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, measures to be taken to reduce the global encumbrance of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus are highlighted.

Matched MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control*; Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control*

Fulltext Prevention and control of injuries arising from road traffic accidents in Malaysia

Subramanian N

Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):178-82.

PMID: 2626131

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control*; Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control*

Effectiveness of repellent/insecticidal bars against malaria and filariasis vectors in peninsular Malaysia

Chiang GL, Tay SL, Eng KL, Chan ST

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1990 Sep;21(3):412-7.

PMID: 1981629

Field tests were conducted to compare the degree of protection from bites of Mansonia species and Anopheles maculatus by applying two repellent/insecticidal bars, MOSBAR and MOSKIL, to exposed arms and legs. Human test subjects were exposed to natural populations of mosquitos for an 8-hour night time period while using the repellent/insecticidal bars. MOSBAR gave good protection against the bites of Mansonia and An. maculatus. MOSKIL was effective against An. maculatus but not against Mansonia. High mortality was observed among the mosquitos collected from human test subjects treated with the repellent/insecticidal bars. Use of MOSBAR in terms of cost-effectiveness and safety by field and health workers entering into malaria and filariasis endemic areas is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/prevention & control*; Malaria/prevention & control*

Fulltext An appraisal of the nutritional and health aspects of palm oil

Chandrasekharan N

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Jun;47(2):93-7.

PMID: 1494339

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease/prevention & control; Neoplasms/prevention & control

Prevention of mental handicap and developmental disabilities in South East Asia

Sardharwalla IB, Lingam S, Harvey DR

Arch Dis Child, 1988 Jun;63(6):672-3.

PMID: 3389904

Matched MeSH terms: Congenital Abnormalities/prevention & control*; Intellectual Disability/prevention & control*

Chemoprophylactic studies with ivermectin against subperiodic Brugia malayi infection in the leaf monkey, Presbytis cristata

Mak JW, Lam PL, Rain AN, Suresh K

J Helminthol, 1987 Dec;61(4):311-4.

PMID: 3437112

Four Presbytis cristata were treated with oral ivermectin at the same time as the subcutaneous inoculation of 100 infective larvae monthly for three months. Two animals given 0.2 mg/kg monthly and two others given 0.3 mg/kg monthly as well as three control animals became patent for microfilaraemia. However, only 1% of the infective dose was recovered as adult worms from animals in the higher drug dosage group compared to 8.2% and 6.2% in the lower dosage and control groups respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Elephantiasis, Filarial/prevention & control*; Filariasis/prevention & control*

Personnel exposure during cerebral angiography

Lam ES

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Dec;34(2):171-3.

PMID: 548723

Matched MeSH terms: Occupational Diseases/prevention & control*; Radiation Injuries/prevention & control*

Environmental sanitation and pollution in Malaysia

Sekaran AS

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Dec;29(2):97-102.

PMID: 4282408

Matched MeSH terms: Environmental Pollution/prevention & control*; Water Pollution/prevention & control

Fulltext A review on thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy

Chow TWP, Wong YM

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56(4):418-27.

PMID: 12014760

Thromboembolic disease remains an important cause of maternal mortality worldwide. The risk assessments for prevention of thromboembolism in pregnancy are controversial due to lack of large-scale randomised controlled trials. Unfractionated heparin is at present, the anticoagulant of choice during pregnancy. However, it may be superseded by low-molecular-weight heparin in the near future because of its safety and efficacy.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control*; Thromboembolism/prevention & control*

The perspectives of the application of biofilm in the prevention of chronic infections

Ali Ahmed AB, Taha RM

Adv Food Nutr Res, 2011;64:403-16.

PMID: 22054964 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387669-0.00031-4

Biofilms are a natural part of the ecology of the earth. Many biofilms are quite harmful and must be treated or controlled. Other biofilms are beneficial and can be used to help fix serious problems. Biofilms can grow on many different surfaces, including rocks in water, foods, teeth, and various biomedical implants. This bacterial colonization may present the need for additional operations, amputation, or it may even lead to death. The fundamental principles of bacterial cell attachment and biofilm formation are discussed. Biofilms represents a new, wide-open field practice and research that is only going to get hotter with time. Functional organic plasma polymerized coatings are also discussed for their potential as bio-sensitive interfaces, connecting metallic electronic devices with their physiological environments.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/prevention & control*; Chronic Disease/prevention & control

Fulltext Breastfeeding--anti-viral potential and relevance to the influenza virus pandemic

Prameela KK

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):166-9; quiz 170.

PMID: 22106709

Essential nutritive and immunological ingredients abundantly present in breastmilk make it the choice infant nutrition. The uniqueness of mother's milk, in contrast to most therapeutics and immunizations, lies in its potential to adapt itself to the requirements of the infant so that timely immune defenses are tapped from its constituents by immune regulation, modulation and immune acceleration to stimulate novel substances; these render it pertinent as defense when faced with challenging organisms. While it is appreciated that immunity can be transferred from mother to infant through breastmilk following maternal influenza vaccination, the immense benefits conferred by breastfeeding per se during influenza pandemics may not be fully valued. This is substantiated by debates and ambiguities for continued breastfeeding in the face of maternal influenza infections. This article emphasises the utmost importance of breastfeeding in viral pandemics in the light of the changing immunological strategies used by viruses at different times and the urgent need for such opportune defenses. The prolific interaction of its constituents is frequently understated as enormous advantages to the suckling infant.

Matched MeSH terms: Influenza, Human/prevention & control*; Pandemics/prevention & control*

Hepatitis C and hepatitis E vaccines: research update

Locarnini S

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:116-24.

PMID: 16108191

Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis C/prevention & control*; Hepatitis E/prevention & control*

Critical care nurses' knowledge in preventing nosocomial pneumonia

Soh KL, Koziol-Mclain J, Wilson J, Soh KG

Aust J Adv Nurs, 2007 Mar-May;24(3):19-25.

PMID: 17518161

The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge deficits concerning nosocomial pneumonia (NP) prevention among critical care nurses. The study also determined whether NP knowledge was associated with nurse characteristics.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*; Pneumonia/prevention & control*

Ginger potency on the prevention and treatment of breast cancer

Usman AN, Manju B, Ilhamuddin I, Ahmad M, Ab T, Ariyandy A, et al.

Breast Dis, 2023;42(1):207-212.

PMID: 37424457 DOI: 10.3233/BD-239003

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a type of disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that can destroy body tissues. The use of traditional medicine naturally uses plants from ginger with the maceration method. The ginger plant is a herbaceous flowering plant with the Zingiberaceacea group.

METHODS: This study uses the literature review method by reviewing 50 articles from journals and databases.

RESULTS: A review of several articles, namely ginger has bioactive components such as gingerol. Ginger is used as a treatment in complementary therapies using plants. Ginger is a strategy with many benefits and functions as a nutritional complement to the body. This benefit has shown the effect of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer against nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy in breast cancer.

CONCLUSION: Anticancer in ginger is shown by polyphenols associated with anti-metastatic, anti-proliferative, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Therefore, consuming ginger regularly affects natural herbal therapy with the prevention and treatment of breast cancer and serves as a prevention against the effects of chemotherapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Nausea/prevention & control; Vomiting/prevention & control

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