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Graveoline from ruta angustifolia (l.) pers. And its antimicrobial synergistic potential in erythromycin or vancomycin combinations

Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Norazian Mohd Hassan, Nurhaya Md Taib, May Khin Soe

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2429-2435.

Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers. is a Rutaceous species which contains various anthranilic acid derived alkaloids including
the bioactive quinolones. This study is aimed at identifying the antimicrobial active alkaloids of R. angustifolia and
evaluating their potential as synergistic enhancers in alkaloid-antibiotic combinations. Antimicrobial bioautographyguided isolation of alkaloidal fractions of R. angustifolia leaves has led to the identification of 2,3-dimethoxy-1-hydroxy10-methylacridone [arborinine]; and 4,7,8-trimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinoline [skimmianine]; together with the major
active alkaloid, 1-methyl-2-[3’,4’-methylenedioxyphenyl]-4-quinolone [graveoline]. Graveoline showed Minimum
Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from 500 to 1000 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923,
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Checkerboard assay for antimicrobial combination
effects between graveoline with either erythromycin or vancomycin showed enhancement of the antimicrobial activity
of both antibiotics with Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Indices (FICI) ranged from 0.37 to 1.50. Synergistic effect
with FICI of 0.37 was observed for graveoline-erythromycin combination against S. aureus compared to FICI of 1.00 for
ciprofloxacin-erythromycin additive effect. Graveoline was a potential candidate for antimicrobial combination agent
especially against S. aureus. The result supports the idea of using plant metabolites as antimicrobial synergistic agents.
Fulltext Perceptions of medical students regarding community-based teaching experiences: an observation from Bangladesh

Ahmed SMM, Hasan MN, Kabir R, Arafat SMY, Rahman S, Haque M, et al.

Rural Remote Health, 2019 08;19(3):4614.
PMID: 31400766 DOI: 10.22605/RRH4614

INTRODUCTION: Community orientation in medical education, which prepares medical students to become more effective practitioners, is now a global movement. Many medical schools around the world have adopted the concept as the main curricular framework in order to align learning programs with the needs of the community and the learner. Despite many changes over the past few decades, many improvements are still needed in medical education in Bangladesh. This study investigated medical students' perceptions of the community-based learning experiences incorporated into the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree at Uttara Adhunik Medical College, Dhaka (UAMC), Bangladesh.
METHODS: A total of 135 students from three undergraduate year levels of the MBBS degree at UAMC, Dhaka, Bangladesh, undertook study tours (community-based teaching, CBT) as a part of a community medicine course and visited a medical college, two rural health centres and a meteorology centre in the Cox's Bazar district, 400 km from Dhaka city. A questionnaire was used to assess the perceptions of students regarding the administration, organisation and learning experiences of the study tours. Students were required to write reports, present their findings and answer questions in their examinations related to the study tours and CBT.
RESULTS: The majority of the students agreed or strongly agreed that the tour was a worthwhile (93%) and enjoyable (95%) learning experience that helped them to understand rural health issues (91%). More than half of the students reported that the study tours increased their awareness about common rural health problems (54%) and provided a wider exposure to medicine (61%). Only 41% of students reported that the study tour increased their interest in undertake training in a rural area. A substantial number of students also expressed their concerns about the planning, length, resources, finance and organisation of the study tours.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the study tours had a positive effect, enhancing students' awareness and understanding of common rural health problems. As study tours failed to increase the motivation of the students (approximately 60%) to work in rural areas, CBT in the medical curriculum should be reviewed and implemented using effective and evidence-based models to promote interest among medical students to work in rural and underserved or unserved areas.
Fulltext Iatrogenic corneal injury secondary to trypan blue usage during cataract surgeries: a case series

Joanne, Shalini CR, Fazliana I., Nor Hasnida AG, MD, Ahmad Nurfahmi AA, Aidila JJ, Khairidzan MK

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2018;3(2):6-9.
MyJurnal

— To report clinical features and management of toxic keratopathy
induced by inadvertent intrastromal trypan blue injection (0.06%) during
cataract surgery. We report two cases of toxic keratopathy induced by
iatrogenic intrastromal trypan blue injection during cataract surgery. The
two cases were performed by ophthalmology residents at our centre.
Intraoperatively in both cases, trypan blue dye was inadvertently injected
into the corneal stromal via side port wound. Surgery was abandoned due
to development of corneal oedema. They were treated as toxic keratopathy
due to the bluish discoloration of the cornea, generalized (limbal to limbal)
panstromal edema and marked Descemet membrane folds. There were
epithelial microbullae and mild circumcorneal injection. Both patients’ vision
deteriorated with only minimal anterior chamber reaction and normal
intraocular pressure. Intensive topical corticosteroid, prophylactic antibiotic,
gutt hypertonic saline 5%, and cycloplegic agent eyedrops were given. The
cornea edema and staining in both patients resolved completely by 6
weeks. They underwent uncomplicated elective phacoemulsification 3
months after the incident. Intraoperative Iatrogenic inadvertent intrastromal
vision blue injection during cataract surgery can cause toxic keratopathy. A
decision to abandon the surgery and prompt management to reverse the
complication can produce excellent outcome.
Fulltext Implication of predator interaction of the spread of hantavirus infection

Yusof, F. M., Md. Ismail, A. I. B., Abu Hasan, Y.

MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(2):205-226.
MyJurnal

Hantaviruses are etiological agents of zoonotic diseases and certain other dis-
eases, which pose a serious threat to human health. When rodent and predator popula-
tions share in an ecology, the competitive force of the populations can lead to a reduction
or elimination of a hantavirus outbreak. The effect of the predator eliminating rodents
and predator populations that tends to reduce or eliminate hantavirus infection is investi-
gated. The existence of several equilibrium points of the model is identified and local and
global stabilities of the model at these equilibrium points are analysed in detail. Numerical
simulations are carried out to illustrate our model results.
Ergonomics analysis of muscle activity of workers in a metal stamping industry

Md Fuad Bahari, Abdul Rahman Omar1, Darius Gnanaraj Solomon, Nor Hayati Saad, Isa Halim

Scientific Research Journal, 2006;3(2):31-44.
MyJurnal

Occupational health is considered as a crucial element in almost every Small
and Medium Industries (SMIs) and it is believed to be one of vital challenges
that can influence productivity and competitiveness. It has been known that
the metal stamping industry involved a lot of materials handling tasks such as
carrying stamped parts from machine to packaging section, transferring moulds
from tools store to machines, sorting the finished products and others.
Appropriate materials handling equipments are not often provided in SMIs
because of the limitation of capital and lack of ergonomics awareness. The
workers have to handle the materials and goods manually. These practices
may lead to occupational injuries particularly back pain and musculoskeletal
injuries. The objectives of the research are to assess and analyze the muscles
activity of workers in metal stamping industry. Three male workers who
performed metal stamping process using manual technique were participated
in the research. Ergonomic assessment associated with Surface
Electromyography (SEMG) was used to capture and interpret the data related
to muscles activity at before and after the ergonomic intervention. For the
purpose of muscle activity assessment, SEMG electrodes were attached to eight
critical muscles: deltoid muscle-medial part (left), deltoid muscle-medial part
(right), trapezius muscle (left), trapezius muscle (right), erector spinae muscle
(left), erector spinae muscle (right), gastrocnemius muscle (left) and
Polymerase chain reaction assay targeting cytochrome b gene for the detection of dog meat adulteration in meatball formulation

Rahman MM, Ali ME, Hamid SB, Mustafa S, Hashim U, Hanapi UK

Meat Sci, 2014 Aug;97(4):404-9.
PMID: 24769096 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.03.011

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the assessment of dog meat adulteration in meatballs was developed. The assay selectively amplified a 100-bp region of canine mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from pure, raw, processed and mixed backgrounds. The specificity of the assay was tested against 11 animals and 3 plants species, commonly available for meatball formulation. The stability of the assay was proven under extensively autoclaving conditions that breakdown target DNA. A blind test from ready to eat chicken and beef meatballs showed that the assay can repeatedly detect 0.2% canine meat tissues under complex matrices using 0.04 ng of dog DNA extracted from differentially treated meatballs. The simplicity, stability and sensitivity of the assay suggested that it could be used in halal food industry for the authentication of canine derivatives in processed foods.
Fulltext The UV spectroscopic and chromatographic methods of hydroalcoholic extracts of Aloe vera

Kathleen J. Jalani, Razuan Hilmi Md Sulji, Hannis Fadzillah Mohsin, Ibtisam Abdul Wahab

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):18-24.
MyJurnal

Aloe vera which is also known as Aloe barbadensis Miller,is a plant that is commonly used for medicinal purposes and as treatments for various health issues. It produces two substances; gel and latex, which are used for commercial household products, halal food and cosmetics. Aloe gel is the clear, jelly-like substance found in the inner part of the Aloe leaf while Aloe’s yellow latex comes from the peel. Aloe vera is able to provide therapeutic effects such as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, laxative and antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to
investigate the extracts via spectrophotometry (λ = 200 – 400 nm) and liquid chromatography. After 21 days, the ultraviolet spectra showed the evidence of the water molecules interactions and the hydroxyl groups in hydroalcoholic extracts. Significant peaks were also observed in the chromatograms. Further studies evaluating the stability of A. vera extracts should be carried out.
Fulltext A protocol on information-motivation-behavioural skills risk of intensive phase treatment interruption among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in urban districts, Selangor

Qudsiah Suliman, Salmiah Md. Said, Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli, Lim Poh Ying, Tan Kit-Aun

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(1):85-93.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Despite advancement of treatment modalities, Tuberculosis (TB) treatment interruption rate has glob- ally accelerating, calling for greater framework shifting towards psychosocial intervention. Similarly, Selangor state had reported the perturbing TB treatment interruption rate, which was figured persistently above 10% in the interval year of 2014 to 2018, thus signifies an empirical assessment on Information-Motivation-Behavioural skills (IMB) determinants of TB intensive phase treatment. This study aims to determine the time to intensive phase TB treatment interruption and its prognostic factors among newly diagnosed pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) smear positive patients in urban district Selangor. Methods: A multi-centric prospective cohort study will recruit 695 newly diagnosed PTB smear positive patients at treatment centres in urban districts, Selangor. This study will utilize validated self-admin- istered questionnaire and standardised data collection form (PROFORMA). At baseline, we will elicit information on IMB models constructs, additionally on socio-demographics, health service factors and clinical characteristics. Meanwhile, four points follow up will be executed to retrieve information on treatment status and time varying effects of body weight, treatment side effects, symptoms improvement and internalised stigma. Finally, survival analysis will be computed to identify the time to intensive phase treatment interruption and its prognostic factors. Conclusion: This study will enlighten IMB model determinants of intensive phase treatment interruption, hence to endeavour psychosocial elements in designing time relevant public health strategies in TB case management.
Fulltext Sun exposure, dietary vitamin d and vitamin d status in adult atopic dermatitis: a case control study

Mohan Arumugam1, Adawiyah Jamil1, Norazirah Md Nor, Mazlin Baseri, Norlaila Mustafa, Suganthi Thevarajah

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(1):66-69.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) and its severity has been inconsistently associated with lower vitamin D levels as multiple other factors that influence vitamin D status were not always assessed. Methods: A case control study involving AD patients and controls 18 years old was performed. Exclusion criteria were systemic immunosuppres- sion  4 weeks prior to recruitment, renal or hepatic impairment, parathyroid diseases and vitamin D or calcium supplementation. Healthy controls were matched for age, gender, ethnicity, Fitzpatrick skin type and body mass index (BMI). Sun exposure, a 3-day, 24-hour dietary recall and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured. Re- sults: 38 AD patients and 38 controls participated. Majority had Fitzpatrick skin type IV. Vitamin D was lower in AD [15.9(9.9-24.0)ng/ml] than controls [17.3(14.4-27.2)ng/ml], p= 0.028. It was sufficient in 16(42.1%) AD and 15(39.5%) controls, insufficient in 7(18.4%) AD and 22(57.9%) controls and deficient in 15(39.5%) AD compared to 1(2.6%) control. Sun exposure was similar in both groups. AD had significantly higher dietary vitamin D intake [1.5(0.6-3.1) vs 0.6 (0.3-1.0)µg]. AD was an independant risk for vitamin D deficiency with OR 17.52; 95%CI:1.4-
212.7 and vitamin D insufficiency OR 0.26;95%CI:0.07-0.95. Vitamin D levels did not correlate with AD severity. Conclusion: AD is a risk for vitamin D deficiency despite higher dietary intake and similar skin type, BMI and sun exposure as controls.
Effects Of Biotic Interactions, Abiotic Environments And Harvesting On The Spread Of Hantavirus Infection

Fauzi Mohamed Yusof, Mohd Hafiz Mohd, Yazariah Mohd Yatim, Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail

MATEMATIKA, 2020;36(1):1-14.
MyJurnal

In this paper, the combined influences of biotic interactions, environmental components and harvesting strategy on the spread of Hantavirus are investigated. By employing a multi-species model consisting of (susceptible and infected) rodents and alien species, we show that interspecific competition from alien species has an effect in reducing the spread of infection, and this species could be employed as a potential biocontrol agent. Our analysis using numerical continuation and simulation also reveals the conditions under which Hantavirus infection occurs and disappears as the environmental conditions and the intensity of harvesting change. Without harvesting, infection emerges when environments are conducive. Inclusion of moderate harvesting in favourable environments can lead to disappearance of infection among rodent species. However, as the intensity of harvesting increases, this situation can cause extinction of all rodents species and consequently, jeopardise biodiversity. Overall, our results demonstrate how the interplay of different factors can combine to determine the spread of infectious diseases.
Fulltext Marketing margins of aquaculture shrimp production in Kedah

Wen, Chiat Lee, Lim, Siak Ze, K. Kuperan Viswanathan, Md Ariful Islam

Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture, 2020;4(1):20-23.
MyJurnal

Shrimp aquaculture has great potential for providing income and employment opportunities to farmers. Shrimp production can also contribute to economic growth given its high value and demand in Malaysia. However, it is often said that players in the marketing channel extract high margins for themselves. This study intends to verify this claim by examining a case study based on white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture in Kedah. The data for this study was obtained from a detailed study involving a shrimp retailer in Kedah. The marketing margins were calculated from the interviews of the farmer and the retailer. The results showed that the marketing channel was quite efficient because there was no large gap in the prices between the marketing channels. The difference between retail price and farm price is only RM7 per kilogram for the white shrimp which accounts for 43.75 percent of total farm price and represents the cost of bringing shrimps from the farm to the retail market.
Fulltext Genetic diversity of Sabah rice cultivars using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers

Alvina Simon, Vijay Kumar Subbiah, Chee, Fong Tyng, Noor Hydayaty Md Yusuf

Borneo International Journal of Biotechnology, 2020;1(1):35-43.
MyJurnal

Rice is the most important staple crop in Malaysia and is cultivated all over the country, including the state of Sabah. The uniqueness of rice cultivation in Sabah lies in the type of rice itself, deriving mainly from local or non-commercial cultivars but with distinctive characteristics including long grains, aromatic properties, and drought tolerance. However, despite having these important agricultural traits, information on the genetic diversity of Sabah rice remains limited. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the genetic polymorphisms of Sabah rice using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 101 alleles were profiled, from which 94% were identified as polymorphic. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the rice samples into three clusters, with two clusters classifying the ability of rice to grow under different planting conditions, suitable for growth irrigate and upland condition. The first cluster was dominated by cultivars that could survive in wet (irrigated) areas, while the other featured those that were found in dry (upland) areas. Furthermore, two alleles, OPA-05-B2 and OPA-01-B11, were found to be unique to cultivars within the upland cluster and were thus proposed to be involved in dry environmental adaptation. The results of the present study provide an insight into the genetic relationships and diversity of Sabah rice.
Fulltext Toxicity assessment of gallic acid loaded graphene oxide (GAGO) nano-formulation in zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryos

Ahmad Ashraful Hadi Abdul Ghafor, Nurhuda Elias, Suhaili Shams, Faizah Md Yasin, Sarchio, Seri Narti Edayu

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(1):311-326.
MyJurnal

Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic compound found in almost all plants and has been reported to possess powerful health benefits such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties. However, GA suffers a short half-life when administered in vivo. Recent studies have employed graphene oxide (GO), a biocompatible and cost-effective graphene derivative, as a nanocarrier for GA. However, the toxicity effect of this formulated nano-compound has not been fully studied. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the toxicity and teratogenicity of GA loaded GO (GAGO) against zebrafish embryogenesis to further advance the development of GA as a therapeutic agent. GAGO was exposed to zebrafish embryos (n ≥ 10; 24hr post fertilization (hpf)) at different concentrations (0-500 μg/ml). The development of zebrafish was observed and recorded twice daily for four days. The toxicity of pure GO and GA was also observed at similar concentrations. Distilled water was used as control throughout the experiment. A significantly high mortality rate, delayed hatching rate and low heartbeat were recorded in embryos exposed to GO at concentrations of ≥ 150 μg/ml at 48 hr (p
Ionic-Liquid-Based Paclitaxel Preparation: A New Potential Formulation for Cancer Treatment

Chowdhury MR, Moshikur RM, Wakabayashi R, Tahara Y, Kamiya N, Moniruzzaman M, et al.

Mol Pharm, 2018 06 04;15(6):2484-2488.
PMID: 29762034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00305

Paclitaxel (PTX) injection (i.e., Taxol) has been used as an effective chemotherapeutic treatment for various cancers. However, the current Taxol formulation contains Cremophor EL, which causes hypersensitivity reactions during intravenous administration and precipitation by aqueous dilution. This communication reports the preliminary results on the ionic liquid (IL)-based PTX formulations developed to address the aforementioned issues. The formulations were composed of PTX/cholinium amino acid ILs/ethanol/Tween-80/water. A significant enhancement in the solubility of PTX was observed with considerable correlation with the density and viscosity of the ILs, and with the side chain of the amino acids used as anions in the ILs. Moreover, the formulations were stable for up to 3 months. The driving force for the stability of the formulation was hypothesized to be the involvement of different types of interactions between the IL and PTX. In vitro cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of the IL-based formulations were evaluated on HeLa cells. The IL vehicles without PTX were found to be less cytotoxic than Taxol, while both the IL-based PTX formulation and Taxol exhibited similar antitumor activity. Finally, in vitro hypersensitivity reactions were evaluated on THP-1 cells and found to be significantly lower with the IL-based formulation than Taxol. This study demonstrated that specially designed ILs could provide a potentially safer alternative to Cremophor EL as an effective PTX formulation for cancer treatment giving fewer hypersensitivity reactions.
Fulltext Co-occurrence of trichotillomania and polycystic ovarian syndrome: A case report

Ismaliza Ismail, Wan Salwina Wan Ismai, Norazirah Md. Nor, Lee Voon Yee, Ani Amelia Zainuddin

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2020;5(2):57-60.
MyJurnal

Trichotillomania (TTM) or hair pulling disorder is characterized by repetitive pulling of hair on
the body whereas Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic-endocrine disorder,
manifested by irregular menstrual cycle and clinical hyperandrogenism. Both disorders
commonly occur in young females. TTM and PCOS may be related and share the same
pathophysiology. We reported a case of a teenager with TTM and PCOS, which were triggered
by stress. Neurobiological mechanism may explain the co-occurrences between TTM and
PCOS. Further research in the neurobiology of TTM and PCOS may better explain the cooccurrences between the two disorders.
Fulltext Review of knowledge, attitude, and practice among laboratory workers towards occupational safety and health

Nayef Shabbab Almutairi, Shamsul Bahri Bin Md Tamrin, Ng Yee Guan, Vivien How

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(1):297-303.
MyJurnal

Laboratory workers exposed to diverse occupational exposures to accidents. Evidently, extant, yet very limited em- pirical underpinnings suggest that knowledge, practices and awareness of safety precautions are uncharacteristically poor among laboratory workers. As such, their demonstration of safety-related attitudes and practices have remained questionable. This paper, thus presents a systematic search of the literature on laboratory workers’ safety-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Specifically, literature published between 2007 and 2017 that characteristically attempted to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices among laboratory workers on Occupational Safety and Health were reviewed. Evidently, results from the review indicate poor knowledge, attitude and practice among the laboratory workers. It is critical that strategies be put in place by the management of the health facilities to institute and undertake activities in the form of training, improved safety management practices, organizational commitment and improved safety culture.
Fulltext Artificial neural network with Taguchi method for robust classification model to improve classification accuracy of breast cancer

Rahman MA, Muniyandi RC, Albashish D, Rahman MM, Usman OL

PeerJ Comput Sci, 2021;7:e344.
PMID: 33816995 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.344

Artificial neural networks (ANN) perform well in real-world classification problems. In this paper, a robust classification model using ANN was constructed to enhance the accuracy of breast cancer classification. The Taguchi method was used to determine the suitable number of neurons in a single hidden layer of the ANN. The selection of a suitable number of neurons helps to solve the overfitting problem by affecting the classification performance of an ANN. With this, a robust classification model was then built for breast cancer classification. Based on the Taguchi method results, the suitable number of neurons selected for the hidden layer in this study is 15, which was used for the training of the proposed ANN model. The developed model was benchmarked upon the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer Dataset, popularly known as the UCI dataset. Finally, the proposed model was compared with seven other existing classification models, and it was confirmed that the model in this study had the best accuracy at breast cancer classification, at 98.8%. This confirmed that the proposed model significantly improved performance.
Adsorption of methylene blue onto betel nut husk-based activated carbon prepared by sodium hydroxide activation process

Bardhan M, Novera TM, Tabassum M, Islam MA, Jawad AH, Islam MA

Water Sci Technol, 2020 Nov;82(9):1932-1949.
PMID: 33201856 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.451

In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from agro-waste betel nut husks (BNH) through the chemical activation method. Different characterization techniques described the physicochemical nature of betel nut husks activated carbon (BNH-AC) through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pH point of zero charge. Later, the produced AC was used for methylene blue (MB) adsorption via numerous batch experimental parameters: initial concentrations of MB dye (25-250 mg/L), contact time (0.5-24 hours) and initial pH (2-12). Dye adsorption isotherms were also assessed at three temperatures where the maximum adsorption capacity (381.6 mg/g) was found at 30 °C. The adsorption equilibrium data were best suited to the non-linear form of the Freundlich isotherm model. Additionally, non-linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better fitted with the experimental value as well. Steady motion of solute particles from the boundary layer to the BNH-AC's surface was the possible reaction dynamics concerning MB adsorption. Thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Saline water emerged as an efficient eluent for the desorption of adsorbed dye on AC. Therefore, the BNH-AC is a very promising and cost-effective adsorbent for MB dye treatment and has high adsorption capacity.
Fulltext Reproductive risk factors of ovarian cancer among women at selected hospitals in Klang Valley

Osmond John Ugwu, Salmiah Md Said, Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli, Zulida Rejali, Zainab Yahaya, Noraihan Nordin

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):110-110.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the fourth most common cancer among Malaysian women. Despite being a malig-nancy with low incidence, ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate with just about 35.2% of 5-year survival. There is a limited published study on the risk factors for this cancer in Malaysia. This study aimed at identifying the repro-ductive risk factors of ovarian cancer among women at selected hospitals in Klang Valley. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from April 2017 to November 2019. Subjects were Malaysian citizens and aged 18 years and above. The case referred to a known case ovarian based on histopathological examination (HPE) and had been diagnosed not more than 2 years during the recruitment into the study. Controls were selected based on a negative result of HPE or intra-operative visual inspection and examination or normal findings from the ultrasound. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 111 cases and 134 controls who ful-filled the inclusion criteria participated in this study. Binary multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age at first pregnancy and infertility experience were significantly associated with risk of ovarian cancer. The odds of first pregnancy after the age of 25 years among cases was higher compared to the odds among controls (AOR=2.997, 95%CI: 1.295, 6.932, p=0.010). On the other hand, the odds of infertility experience among cases was lower com-pared to the controls (AOR=0.289, 95%CI: 0.099, 0.846, p=0.024). The lower odds of infertility experience among cases shown in this study must be interpreted with care because of wide interval and as infertility was reported to be a risk factor of ovarian cancer elsewhere. Conclusion: Reproductive risk factor for ovarian cancer were aged at first pregnancy of 25 years and above. Prevention of ovarian cancer should be targeted to his group.
Fulltext Mobile robot climber model for experiments application

Syahrul Affandi Saidi, Beh, Jun Long, Mohd Sharizan Md Sarip, Wan Azani Mustafa

Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2018;13(1):1-7.
MyJurnal

This article presents a Wall Climbing Robot (WCR) that able to move on ferromagnetic vertical surface to carry out visual inspection process. Visual inspection process is important in the industry to check the condition of storage tank, surface of building, piping or equipment thus can prevents structures collapsing or explosion which would bring a huge loss to the company. Moreover, most of the structures nowadays is expose under the sun and rain, corrosion and cracks could easily occur on the surface after exposing under sunlight and rain a long period of time. Therefore the periodic visual inspection process need to be carry out to detect the damaged occur on the surface of the structure and take action at the fastest time to ensure the safety of the structures and extend the lifespan of the structures. With the well maintenance to the structures, the condition of the structures is monitored and the lifespan is longer. The risk of collapse of the building is decrease by a large margin. Normally, the periodic visual inspection process is performed by operator. Sometime the temporary scaffolding is needed to reach the higher place to carry out the inspection. However, this method create a hazardous environment to the operator and cause the safety of the operator threatened. Therefore, the proposed WCR could help operator to work at the hazardous environment. The permanent magnet is used to provide adhesion for WCR, thus WCR able to move on vertical ferromagnetic surface. The WCR is controlled by operator via wireless remote to reach the higher place or the hazardous environment. The operator then can stream the on the real time images via web browser which connected to the same network with the WCR. Hence, the condition of the surface can be observed.

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