Displaying publications 1361 - 1380 of 5421 in total

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  1. The scope for primary prevention of coronary heart disease in Malaysia
    Quek DKL
    Family Practitioner, 1988;11(1):90-91.
    Cardiovascular disease has been the premier cause of hospital-registered deaths in Malaysia for the past 8 years. Among these reported deaths, 31% were caused by coronary heart disease in 1982. A healthy lifestyle to control the coronary risk factors would help to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease
  2. Fulltext A note on the racial incidence of chicken-pox in Kuala Lumpur during the years 1936-1940
    Milne JC
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;5(1):9-13.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Notification
  3. Linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing reveals AHNAK2 as a novel genetic cause for autosomal recessive CMT in a Malaysian family
    Tey S, Shahrizaila N, Drew AP, Samulong S, Goh KJ, Battaloglu E, et al.
    Neurogenetics, 2019 08;20(3):117-127.
    PMID: 31011849 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00576-3
    Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a form of inherited peripheral neuropathy that affects motor and sensory neurons. To identify the causative gene in a consanguineous family with autosomal recessive CMT (AR-CMT), we employed a combination of linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing. After excluding known AR-CMT genes, genome-wide linkage analysis mapped the disease locus to a 7.48-Mb interval on chromosome 14q32.11-q32.33, flanked by the markers rs2124843 and rs4983409. Whole exome sequencing identified two non-synonymous variants (p.T40P and p.H915Y) in the AHNAK2 gene that segregated with the disease in the family. Pathogenic predictions indicated that p.T40P is the likely causative allele. Analysis of AHNAK2 expression in the AR-CMT patient fibroblasts showed significantly reduced mRNA and protein levels. AHNAK2 binds directly to periaxin which is encoded by the PRX gene, and PRX mutations are associated with another form of AR-CMT (CMT4F). The altered expression of mutant AHNAK2 may disrupt the AHNAK2-PRX interaction in which one of its known functions is to regulate myelination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/genetics*; Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
  4. Parkinson's disease and the gastrointestinal microbiome
    Lubomski M, Tan AH, Lim SY, Holmes AJ, Davis RL, Sue CM
    J Neurol, 2020 Sep;267(9):2507-2523.
    PMID: 31041582 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09320-1
    Recently, there has been a surge in awareness of the gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) and its role in health and disease. Of particular note is an association between the GM and Parkinson's disease (PD) and the realisation that the GM can act via a complex bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Compelling evidence suggests that a shift in GM composition may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD by facilitating the characteristic ascending neurodegenerative spread of α-synuclein aggregates from the enteric nervous system to the brain. Here, we review evidence linking GM changes with PD, highlighting mechanisms supportive of pathological α-synuclein spread and intestinal inflammation in PD. We summarise existing patterns and correlations seen in clinical studies of the GM in PD, together with the impacts of non-motor symptoms, medications, lifestyle, diet and ageing on the GM. Roles of GM modulating therapies including probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation are discussed. Encouragingly, alterations in the GM have repeatedly been observed in PD, supporting a biological link and highlighting it as a potential therapeutic target.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease
  5. Fulltext The Role of MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer Metabolism
    Azizi MIHN, Othman I, Naidu R
    Cancers (Basel), 2021 Apr 05;13(7).
    PMID: 33916349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071716
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short-strand non-coding RNAs that are responsible for post-transcriptional regulation of many biological processes. Their differential expression is important in supporting tumorigenesis by causing dysregulation in normal biological functions including cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and invasion and cellular metabolism. Cellular metabolic processes are a tightly regulated mechanism. However, cancer cells have adapted features to circumvent these regulations, recognizing metabolic reprogramming as an important hallmark of cancer. The miRNA expression profile may differ between localized lung cancers, advanced lung cancers and solid tumors, which lead to a varying extent of metabolic deregulation. Emerging evidence has shown the relationship between the differential expression of miRNAs with lung cancer metabolic reprogramming in perpetuating tumorigenesis. This review provides an insight into the role of different miRNAs in lung cancer metabolic reprogramming by targeting key enzymes, transporter proteins or regulatory components alongside metabolic signaling pathways. These discussions would allow a deeper understanding of the importance of miRNAs in tumor progression therefore providing new avenues for diagnostic, therapeutic and disease management applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management
  6. Proteomic Investigations of In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontal Disease
    Binti Badlishah Sham NI, Lewin SD, Grant MM
    Proteomics Clin Appl, 2020 05;14(3):e1900043.
    PMID: 31419032 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900043
    Proteomics has currently been a developing field in periodontal diseases to obtain protein information of certain samples. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder that attacks the teeth, connective tissues, and alveolar bone within the oral cavity. Proteomics information can provide proteins that are differentially expressed in diseased or healthy samples. This review provides insight into approaches researching single species, multi species, bacteria, non-human, and human models of periodontal disease for proteomics information. The approaches that have been taken include gel electrophoresis and qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometry. This review is carried out by extracting information about in vitro and in vivo studies of proteomics in models of periodontal diseases that have been carried out in the past two decades. The research has concentrated on a relatively small but well-known group of microorganisms. A wide range of models has been reviewed and conclusions across the breadth of these studies are presented in this review.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  7. Dietary phytochemicals that influence gut microbiota: Roles and actions as anti-Alzheimer agents
    Wang Y, Lim YY, He Z, Wong WT, Lai WF
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2021 Feb 09.
    PMID: 33559482 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1882381
    The last decide has witnessed a growing research interest in the role of dietary phytochemicals in influencing the gut microbiota. On the other hand, recent evidence reveals that dietary phytochemicals exhibit properties of preventing and tackling symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, which is a neurodegenerative disease that has also been linked with the status of the gut microbiota over the last decade. Till now, little serious discussions, however, have been made to link recent understanding of Alzheimer's disease, dietary phytochemicals and the gut microbiota together and to review the roles played by phytochemicals in gut dysbiosis induced pathologies of Alzheimer's disease. Deciphering these connections can provide insights into the development and future use of dietary phytochemicals as anti-Alzheimer drug candidates. This review aims at presenting latest evidence in the modulating role of phytochemicals in the gut microbiota and its relevance to Alzheimer's disease and summarizing the mechanisms behind the modulative activities. Limitations of current research in this field and potential directions will also be discussed for future research on dietary phytochemicals as anti-Alzheimer agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease
  8. Fulltext Sane and safe: Forced social distancing to prevent human-to-human transmission of COVID-19
    Jahan F
    Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Mar 25;16(1):15-17.
    PMID: 33948138 DOI: 10.51866/rv0001
    The current outbreak of COVID-19, originating from the city of Wuhan in China and ultimately involving over 200 countries, is now a global concern. Evidence indicates that COVID-19 spread to humans from wild animals, causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans; the typical symptoms of COVID include cough, high-grade fever, sore throat, and difficulty in breathing. The infection spreads from human to human via droplets. Therefore, social or physical distancing can reduce spread within communities. Asymptomatic spread can also occur during family gatherings or in the workplace; thus, we must enforce physical distancing as much as possible to reduce the spread of cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  9. Fulltext Occurrence of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) as a Rare Oral Manifestation in a Patient with Gilbert's Syndrome
    Heboyan A, Avetisyan A, Skallevold HE, Rokaya D, Marla V, Vardanyan A
    Case Rep Dent, 2021;2021:6648729.
    PMID: 33953989 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6648729
    Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is an ulcerative disease of the oral cavity and can occur in isolation or as a manifestation of many systemic diseases. It is a quite common entity and may hence often be overlooked as an isolated lesion. Gilbert's syndrome is a genetic disorder where a deficiency of an enzyme associated with the conjugation of bilirubin results in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The disease is generally asymptomatic and is aggravated by certain trigger factors. No associated oral manifestations are known. In this case report, we discuss the concomitant presence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in a patient of Gilbert's syndrome. The presence of such recurrent stomatitis may represent as an oral manifestation of Gilbert's syndrome. Early identification of these entities may improve the overall quality of life of the patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gilbert Disease
  10. Hemophilia treatment in developing countries: products and protocols
    Srivastava A, You SK, Ayob Y, Chuansumrit A, de Bosch N, Perez Bianco R, et al.
    Semin Thromb Hemost, 2005 Nov;31(5):495-500.
    PMID: 16276456
    The most important aspect of management of hemophilia is to provide adequate replacement of safe clotting factor concentrates to prevent or treat bleeding episodes. There has been considerable progress in many countries in the developing world with regard to this aspect of care. However, very little data are available in the literature on the types of products being used for factor replacement and the doses being administered for control or treatment of bleeding in different countries. These data are important to document because only then can data from different centers be compared. This article provides data from seven countries: Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Venezuela, Argentina, Iran, and India. It shows that there is wide variability not only in the types of products used (plasma to recombinant factor concentrates) but also in the doses administered (minimal to very high) for similar indications. Prospective documentation of data on musculoskeletal outcome at these centers and correlation with dose of factor replacement could help identify different models of care. Comparing such data and collating the experience in different countries could be useful for optimizing care and establishing cost-effective models. The combined experience in the developing world in providing hemophilia services should be used to define standards of care that are practical and to set achievable goals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management
  11. Fulltext Capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease: when and how
    Hilmi I, Kobayashi T
    Intest Res, 2020 Jul;18(3):265-274.
    PMID: 32623876 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2019.09165
    Capsule endoscopy (CE) is emerging as an important investigation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); common types include the standard small bowel CE and colon CE. More recently, the pan-enteric CE was developed to assess the large and small bowel in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Emerging indications include noninvasive assessment for mucosal healing (both in the small bowel and the colon) and detection of postoperative recurrence in patients with CD. Given the increasing adoption, several CE scoring systems have been specifically developed for IBD. The greatest concern with performing CE, particularly in CD, is capsule retention, but this can be overcome by performing cross-sectional imaging such as magnetic resonance enterography and using patency capsules before performing the procedure. The development of software for automated detection of mucosal abnormalities typically seen in IBD may further increase its adoption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crohn Disease
  12. Fulltext Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus: a menace to the end game of polio eradication
    Ming LC, Hussain Z, Yeoh SF, Koh D, Lee KS
    Global Health, 2020 07 16;16(1):63.
    PMID: 32677974 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00594-z
    The World Health Organisation Western Pacific Region countries were declared free of polio in 2000 until a polio outbreak involving 305 cases occurred in Indonesia in 2006. It was not until 2014 that the World Health Organisation South East Asia region was officially declared polio-free again. However, in February 2019, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative announced a new circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak in the Papua province of Indonesia. To make matter worse, the outbreak responses were tardy and led to transmission among migrating communities to other cities. The pressing regional issues of polio outbreak caused by circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus and use of oral polio vaccine have not been well presented. Our letter highlighted the suboptimal outbreak responses as well as the necessity of cross-border vaccination to curb continued poliovirus transmission.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  13. Fulltext Prurigo Nodularis and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Rare Association
    Go, Zher Lin, Low, Qin Jian, Nurul Aisyah Abd Rahman, Ng, Ling Fong, Faizah Ahmad, Lau, Ngee Siang
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019;13(3):59-63.
    MyJurnal
    Prurigo nodularis (PN) is an uncommon skin condition known to be associated with underlying systemic diseases. This case report is about PN secondary to underlying Hodgkin’s lymphoma. A 30-year-old man presented with this skin condition three months before lymphadenopathy and systemic symptoms due to lymphoma. He had made multiple visits to general practitioners for the disturbing rash, given multiple courses of topical treatment without relief. His PN showed marked improvement after initiation of chemotherapy. This case reminds that an unexplained skin condition should prompt clinicians for investigating for an underlying systemic disease. This case, to our knowledge, is the first Hodgkin’s lymphoma-associated prurigo nodularis reported in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hodgkin Disease
  14. Fulltext Unravelling the myths of R0 in controlling the dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak: A modelling perspective
    Mohd MH, Sulayman F
    Chaos Solitons Fractals, 2020 Sep;138:109943.
    PMID: 32834577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109943
    COVID-19 is an emerging and rapidly evolving pandemic around the world, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and results in substantial morbidity and mortality. To examine the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, we investigate the spread of this pandemic using Malaysia as a case study and scrutinise its interactions with some exogenous factors such as limited medical resources and false detection problems. To do this, we employ a simple epidemiological model and analyse this system using modelling and dynamical systems techniques. We discover some contrasting findings with respect to the observations of basic reproduction number: while it is observed that R0 seems to provide a good description of transmission dynamics in simple outbreak scenarios, this quantity might mislead the assessment on the severity of pandemic when certain complexities such as limited medical resources and false detection problems are incorporated into the model. In particular, we observe the possibility of a COVID-19 outbreak through bistable behaviour, even when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. Based on these findings, we caution policy makers not to make their decisions solely based on the guidance of the basic reproduction number only, which clearly could cause trouble.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  15. Fulltext Acute pancreatitis with electrocardiographic changes mimicking acute coronary syndrome: a diagnostic conundrum
    Shamala N., Faizal, A.H.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):195-201.
    MyJurnal
    Electrocardiographic abnormalities can be associated with acute pancreatitis. However, data regarding the actual causative factor still remains elusive. Many previous cases were reported on non-specific ST and T wave abnormalities concurrent with acute pancreatitis but rarely with an increasing trend of cardiac markers. We describe the case of a 70-year-old female who presented with one such conundrum. Our patient had typical presentation of acute pancreatitis but had dynamic ECG changes with markedly increased cardiac markers. Subsequently after initiation of treatment for acute pancreatitis and observation for the course of several days, the ECG returned to the baseline as pre admission. This substantiates the fact that acute pancreatitis can mimic both biochemical and electrical manifestation of an acute coronary syndrome. Thus, Emergency Physicians should consider acute pancreatitis as a possible diagnosis in patients who present with abnormal electrocardiograms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease
  16. Fulltext Data on biology and demographic parameters of the Aedes albopictus from dengue outbreaks in Klang Valley, Malaysia
    Dom NC, Alhothily IA, Camalxaman SN, Ismail SNS
    Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:105882.
    PMID: 32642511 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105882
    In this article, data on the demographic parameters of the Aedes albopictus were collected from those areas in Shah Alam, Malaysia that had experienced a dengue outbreak. The surveys were conducted from March to December 2017. The eggs of the Ae. albopictus were collected using ovitraps, and were analysed based on the demographic parameters in a controlled environment in an insectarium. The data were comprised of four types of biological information on the life demographic parameters of the Ae. albopictus that were monitored based on specific localities. The data were inferred information regarding egg productivity (n), egg development (%), immature development (days), and survivorship (days).
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  17. Decreasing major surgical rates for Crohn's disease in an emerging economy over two decades: Is it due to biologic therapy?
    Chuah KH, Raja Ali RA, Hilmi IN
    Indian J Gastroenterol, 2020 06;39(3):261-267.
    PMID: 32613522 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01044-9
    BACKGROUND: Alteration in the natural history of Crohn's disease (CD) since the advent of biologic therapy remains to be proven. Our aim was to look at the intestinal surgical rates and the association with biologic therapy over the last two decades.

    METHODS: This was a retrospective study in which all CD patients seen in two tertiary referral hospitals in Malaysia were recruited. Patients were stratified into two cohorts; cohort 1 was patients diagnosed from year 1991 to 2000 and cohort 2 was patients diagnosed from year 2001 to 2010. These time cohorts were selected based on initial availability of biologic agents in Malaysia in year 2000. Details of demography, disease location, medications and cumulative surgical rates over 7 years were recorded.

    RESULTS: A total of 207 patients were recruited: 70 from cohort 1 and 137 from cohort 2. Differences seen in terms of disease location, phenotype, and use of immunomodulatory therapy between the two cohorts were not significant. Patients who were ever exposed to biologics were significantly different between the two cohorts, approximately two times higher at 35.8% (n = 49) in cohort 2, and 18.6% (n = 13) in cohort 1, p = 0.011. There was a significant reduction in the 7-year cumulative intestinal surgical rates between cohort 1 and cohort 2, from 21.4% (n = 15) to 10.2% (n = 14), p = 0.028. However, there was no statistically significant difference in biologic exposure between those who underwent surgery and those who did not.

    CONCLUSIONS: There has been a significant reduction in intestinal surgical rates for Crohn's disease over the last two decades but does not appear to be associated with the increased use of biologics.

    Matched MeSH terms: Crohn Disease/drug therapy; Crohn Disease/epidemiology; Crohn Disease/surgery*
  18. Fulltext Investigation of a Dengue Outbreak in Ibu Pejabat Kontigen (IPK) Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 2017
    Lim, Carol Kai Joo
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):41-42.
    MyJurnal
    Dengue is a viral infection caused by four types of viruses (DENV-1, DENV- 2, DENV-3, DENV-4) and transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus female mosquitoes that feed both indoors and outdoors during the daytime (from dawn to dusk). These mosquitoes thrive in areas with standing water, including puddles, water tanks, containers and old tyres. There were a total of 35 dengue outbreaks under PKK KK with four active outbreaks in the year 2017. One uncontrolled outbreak occurred at Ibu Pejabat Kontigen (IPK) Kota Kinabalu from 16 November 2017 to 21 December 2017.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  19. Nipah virus: an emergent paramyxovirus causing severe encephalitis in humans
    Bellini WJ, Harcourt BH, Bowden N, Rota PA
    J Neurovirol, 2005 Oct;11(5):481-7.
    PMID: 16287690
    Nipah virus is a recently emergent paramyxovirus that is capable of causing severe disease in both humans and animals. The first outbreak of Nipah virus occurred in Malaysia and Singapore in 1999 and, more recently, outbreaks were detected in Bangladesh. In humans, Nipah virus causes febrile encephalitis with respiratory syndrome that has a high mortality rate. The reservoir for Nipah virus is believed to be fruit bats, and humans are infected by contact with infected bats or by contact with an intermediate animal host such as pigs. Person to person spread of the virus has also been described. Nipah virus retains many of the genetic and biologic properties found in other paramyxoviruses, though it also has several unique characteristics. However, the virologic characteristics that allow the virus to cause severe disease over a broad host range, and the epidemiologic, environmental and virologic features that favor transmission to humans are unknown. This review summarizes what is known about the virology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and control of this novel pathogen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Reservoirs/veterinary; Disease Reservoirs/virology; Disease Vectors
  20. Mycotoxins in Food and Feed: Present Status and Future Concerns
    Bhat R, Rai RV, Karim AA
    Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2010 Jan;9(1):57-81.
    PMID: 33467806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00094.x
      Disease outbreaks due to the consumption of contaminated food and feedstuff are a recurring problem worldwide. The major factor contributing to contamination are microorganisms, especially fungi, which produce low-molecular-weight compounds as secondary metabolites, with confirmed toxic properties referred to as mycotoxins. Several mycotoxins reported to date are cosmopolitan in distribution and incur severe health-associated risks (including cancer and neurological disorders). Hence, creating awareness among consumers, as well as developing new methods for detection and inactivation is of great importance for food safety. In this review, the focus is on the occurrence of various types of mycotoxins in food and feed associated with risks to humans and livestock, as well as legislation put forth by various authorities, and on presently practiced detoxification methods. Brief descriptions on recent developments in mycotoxin detection methodology are also inlcuded. This review is meant to be informative not only for health-conscious consumers but also for experts in the field to pave the way for future research to fill the existing gaps in our knowledge with regard to mycotoxins and food safety.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
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