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Fulltext Dietary Acrylamide and the Risks of Developing Cancer: Facts to Ponder

Kumar J, Das S, Teoh SL

Front Nutr, 2018;5:14.
PMID: 29541638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00014

Acrylamide (AA) is a water soluble white crystalline solid commonly used in industries. It was listed as an industrial chemical with potential carcinogenic properties. However to date, AA was used to produce polyacrylamide polymer, which was widely used as a coagulant in water treatment; additives during papermaking; grouting material for dams, tunnels, and other underground building constructions. AA in food could be formed during high-temperature cookingviaseveral mechanisms, i.e., formationviaacrylic acid which may be derived from the degradation of lipid, carbohydrates, or free amino acids; formationviathe dehydration/decarboxylation of organic acids (malic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid); and direct formation from amino acids. The big debate is whether this compound is toxic to human beings or not. In the present review, we discuss the formation of AA in food products, its consumption, and possible link to the development of any cancers. We discuss the body enzymatic influence on AA and mechanism of action of AA on hormone, calcium signaling pathways, and cytoskeletal filaments. We also highlight the deleterious effects of AA on nervous system, reproductive system, immune system, and the liver. The present and future mitigation strategies are also discussed. The present review on AA may be beneficial for researchers, food industry, and also medical personnel.
Distributions of topological observables in inclusive three- and four-jet events in pp collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]

Khachatryan V, Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Bergauer T, Dragicevic M, et al.

Eur Phys J C Part Fields, 2015 07 01;75(7):302.
PMID: 26190937

This paper presents distributions of topological observables in inclusive three- and four-jet events produced in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7[Formula: see text] with a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to a luminosity of 5.1[Formula: see text]. The distributions are corrected for detector effects, and compared with several event generators based on two- and multi-parton matrix elements at leading order. Among the considered calculations, MadGraph interfaced with pythia6 displays the overall best agreement with data.
Diversity and evolution of the envelope gene of dengue virus type 1 circulating in India in recent times

Dey S, Nandy A, Nandy P, Das S

Int J Bioinform Res Appl, 2015;11(6):469-82.
PMID: 26642358 DOI: 10.1504/ijbra.2015.073235

Dengue viral attacks have been reported in various parts of India in recent years. In this paper we report on our studies of the characterisation and evolutionary aspects of gene sequences of the envelope glycoprotein of the prevalent Indian dengue virus type 1. Comparison with sequences from other countries shows that the envelope genes identified in India are closely related to strains from Malaysia. From the evolutionary point of view the envelope gene sequences of this dengue virus of India for past few years show that a marked mutational shift in the nucleotide sequences of the envelope gene have taken place from around the year 2000. Also, phylogenetic relationship with other three sera of dengue virus reported in India from 2005 shows that the dengue virus 1 is more closely related to dengue viruses 3 and 4 and relatively distantly to dengue virus 2.
Dural metastasis mimicking meningioma: an interesting case

Hamid HA, Gee KY, Muhammad R, Abd Rahman ZA, Das S

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2009;52(1):19-22.
PMID: 19754003

Dural metastasis is a rare entity in clinical practice. We report a case of dural metastasis secondary to thyroid carcinoma, which on both preoperative CT and MRI and at surgery had the typical appearance of a meningioma. Histopathological findings confirmed metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma as a primary site. Although rare, dural metastases can mimic a meningioma. Our experience in this case has led us to consider metastasis as a differential diagnosis even when a meningioma is suspected. We believe that reporting of the case of dural metastasis mimicking a meningioma may help clinicians in future.
Duration of hypertension and antihypertensive agents in correlation with the phases of female sexual response cycle

Latif RA, Muhamad R, Ann AY, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Midin M, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S7-12.
PMID: 23206495 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.10.008

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the construct of the phases of the female sexual response cycle (SRC) in women with hypertension and their association with the duration of hypertension and types of antihypertensive agents.
Dynamics of Diabetes and Obesity: An Alarming Situation in the Developing Countries in Asia

Chakraborty C, Das S

Mini Rev Med Chem, 2016;16(15):1258-1268.
PMID: 27145852 DOI: 10.2174/1389557516666160505115512

The incidence of diabetes in developing countries in Asia has increased over the last few years. The economic development is radically changing the lifestyle of the younger generation who prefer to embrace the western lifestyle of eating high calorie fast food with minimal physical exercise. Previously, the rate of diabetes was very low but it is increasing at an alarming rate in the developing countries in Asia. Admittedly, there is paucity of literature on the prevalence of patients with type-1 diabetes in Asian developing countries due to lower field surveys and lack of quantitative data. Few contributing factors such as body mass index (BMI) and its relation with obesity and diabetes, energy dense diet, excessive caloric intake, sedentary behaviors, lifestyle and family history, gene and genomewide association of diabetes, genes and gene polymorphisms are being discussed especially with regard to the Asian population. Dynamics of the diabetes and obesity was depicted for the population of Asian developing countries with special emphasis on China and India. Diabetes has become widespread among the low-income communities. Hence, it is necessary to develop appropriate healthcare policies in order to mitigate this rampant epidemic before it is too late.
Fulltext ER, p53 and MIB-1 are significantly associated with malignant phyllodes tumor

Munawer NH, Md Zin R, Md Ali SA, Muhammad R, Ali J, Das S

Biomed J, 2012 Nov-Dec;35(6):486-92.
PMID: 23442362 DOI: 10.4103/2319-4170.104414

Fibroadenomas (FA) are common while phyllodes tumors (PT) are rare and both tumors are composed of epithelial and stromal components. We evaluated the expression status of ER, Bc12, p53, and MIB-1 protein in these tumors.
Editorial: novel agents in the treatment of osteoporosis and its complications

Shuid AN, Soelaiman IN, Das S

Curr Drug Targets, 2013 Dec;14(13):1523.
PMID: 24266612
Effect of Exercise on Pulmonary Function Tests in Obese Malaysian Patients

Christopher LK, Kosai NR, Reynu R, Levin KB, Taher MM, Sutton PA, et al.

Clin Ter, 2015;166(3):105-9.
PMID: 26152616 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1838

Obesity has taken the 21st century by storm, posing negative effects on of the various facades of health, healthcare and global economy. With regards to pulmonary performance, numerous studies have proven the detrimental effects of obesity while reinstating the positive effects of weight loss on overall pulmonary function. However, effects of exercise on pulmonary function and correlation between changes in pulmonary function test with weight loss have yet to be described. We performed a prospective interventional study to determine the effects of regular exercise on Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) and ascertain the relationship between weight loss and change in PFT in obese patients.
Fulltext Effect of Piper sarmentosum Extract on the Cardiovascular System of Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rats: Electron Microscopic Study

Thent ZC, Seong Lin T, Das S, Zakaria Z

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:628750.
PMID: 23304208 DOI: 10.1155/2012/628750

Although Piper sarmentosum (PS) is known to possess the antidiabetic properties, its efficacy towards diabetic cardiovascular tissues is still obscured. The present study aimed to observe the electron microscopic changes on the cardiac tissue and proximal aorta of experimental rats treated with PS extract. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: untreated control group (C), PS-treated control group (CTx), untreated diabetic group (D), and PS-treated diabetic group (DTx). Intramuscular injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg body weight) was given to induce diabetes. Following 28 days of diabetes induction, PS extract (0.125 g/kg body weight) was administered orally for 28 days. Body weight, fasting blood glucose, and urine glucose levels were measured at 4-week interval. At the end of the study, cardiac tissues and the aorta were viewed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). DTx group showed increase in body weight and decrease in fasting blood glucose and urine glucose level compared to the D group. Under TEM study, DTx group showed lesser ultrastructural degenerative changes in the cardiac tissues and the proximal aorta compared to the D group. The results indicate that PS restores ultrastructural integrity in the diabetic cardiovascular tissues.
Effect of alpha lipoic acid on oxidative stress and vascular wall of diabetic rats

Balkis Budin S, Othman F, Louis SR, Abu Bakar M, Radzi M, Osman K, et al.

Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2009;50(1):23-30.
PMID: 19221642

PREMISES AND OBJECTIVES: Antioxidant plays an important role in preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on plasma lipid, oxidative stress and vascular changes in diabetic rats.
Effect of antioxidants and nutrients in patients with allergy and asthma

Das S

J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2014 Sep;134(3):763.
PMID: 25065724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.011
Effect of curcumin on aortic changes in ovariectomized rats fed with repeatedly heated soy oil: a preliminary electron microscopic study

Rashid Jusoh A, Das S, Kamsiah J, Qodriyah HM, Faizah O

Clin Ter, 2013;164(4):307-13.
PMID: 24045513 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1578

Consumption of repeatedly heated soy oil has been linked with incidence of atherosclerosis particularly in oestrogen deficient states. In the present study, effect of curcumin extract on the prevention of atherosclerosis was evaluated.
Fulltext Effect of intercostal stretch on pulmonary function parameters among healthy males

Mohan V, Aziz KB, Kamaruddin K, Leonard JH, Das S, Jagannathan MG

EXCLI J, 2012;11:284-90.
PMID: 27418905

The use of manual stretching procedures has become more prevalent in cardiorespiratory physiotherapy to improve pulmonary functions. However, limited evidence exists regarding evaluation of their effectiveness. The study aimed to determine the impact of Intercostal (IC) stretch in improving the dynamic pulmonary function parameters (Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC % and respiratory rate among healthy adults. Thirty healthy male subjects were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were assigned to the experimental group and the control group through random sampling method. In the experimental group, subjects underwent IC stretch for ten breaths on the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle with breathing control exercises in semi recumbent position, while in the control group, breathing control exercises alone were performed in the semi recumbent position. The results of the study showed, FEV1/FVC % in the experimental group significantly improved with P=0.017 (p<0.05) than the control group, which means IC stretch increased lung volume and lead to improved lung function. This study suggested the IC stretching with breathing control may be more effective in improving dynamic lung parameters especially FEV1/FVC % than breathing control alone.
Effect of methanolic extract of Piper sarmentosum leaves on neointimal foam cell infiltration in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet

Amran AA, Zakaria Z, Othman F, Das S, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Raj S, et al.

EXCLI J, 2012;11:274-83.
PMID: 27366140

Previous research has shown the beneficial effects of aqueous extract of Piper sarmentosum (P.s) on atherosclerosis. The first stage in atherosclerosis is the formation of foam cell. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the methanol extract of P.s on fatty streaks by calculating neointimal foam cell infiltration in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet. Thirty six male New Zealand white rabbits were divided equally into six groups: (i) C: control group fed normal rabbit chow; (ii) CH: cholesterol diet (1 % cholesterol); (iii) PM1: 1 % cholesterol with methanol extract of P.s (62.5 mg/kg); (iv) PM2: 1 % cholesterol with methanol extract of P.s (125 mg/kg); (v) PM3: 1 % cholesterol with methanol extract of P.s (250 mg/kg); (vi) SMV group fed 1 % cholesterol supplemented with Simvistatin drug (1.2 mg/kg). All animals were treated for 10 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the rabbits were fasted and sacrificed and the aortic tissues were collected for histological studies to measure the area of the neointimal foam cell infiltration using software. The thickening of intima ratio of atherosclerosis and morphological changes by scanning electron microscope were measured. The results showed that the atherosclerotic group had significantly bigger area of fatty streak compared to the control group. The area of fatty streak in the abdominal aorta was significantly reduced in the treatment groups which were similar with the SMV group. Similarly, there was a reduction in the number of foam cell in the treatment groups compared to the atherosclerotic group as seen under scanning microscope. In conclusion, histological study demonstrated that the methanol extract of the P.s could reduce the neointimal foam cell infiltration in the lumen of the aorta and the atherosclerotic lesion.
Effect of pubertal developmental stages and lower limb kinetics during vertical jump task in Sepak Takraw sport

Leonard Joseph H, Roslizawati N, Safrusahar MY, Efri NM, Das S, Baharudin O, et al.

Clin Ter, 2009;160(5):403-7.
PMID: 19997687

Sepak Takraw is a sport which actively involves the lower limb. A cross sectional study was performed to investigate the lower limb kinetics (ground reaction force, flight time and contact time) involved during the vertical jumping and landing task between the early pubertal and late pubertal stages in National level Sepak Takraw athletes in Malaysia. Twenty athletes (8 pre pubertal and 12 late pubertal) with no previous history of any physical injuries were taken for the study. The kinetics data of the vertical jump task was calculated using a force platform 3-AMTI Biomechanics Force Platform. The Silicon ProCoach (Chart 5 software) was used to collect the ground reaction force signals, flight time and contact time. The results showed a non-significant decrease in peak ground reaction force in the post pubertal group as compared to the pre pubertal group (t(18)=0.659, p=0.518,CI(95)(-2.54, 4.86). Comparison of flight time between the two age groups showed a significant increase in the post pubertal group with mean and SD (0.7773 + or - 0.03) as compared to the pre pubertal group mean and SD (0.7296 + or - 0.05), which was statistically considered significant (p<0.05) (t(18)=-2.401, p<0.05,CI(95)(-0.089, -0.005). The findings from this study demonstrated that the flight time of the vertical jump task differed between the pre and post pubertal athletes with the post pubertal group having an improved ability in maintaining longer duration of flight phase.
Fulltext Effect of the combination of gelam honey and ginger on oxidative stress and metabolic profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats

Sani NF, Belani LK, Sin CP, Rahman SN, Das S, Chi TZ, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:160695.
PMID: 24822178 DOI: 10.1155/2014/160695

Diabetic complications occur as a result of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to long term hyperglycaemia. Honey and ginger have been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity which can scavenge ROS. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gelam honey, ginger, and their combination. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 major groups which consisted of diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin intramuscularly (55 mg/kg body weight). Each group was further divided into 4 smaller groups according to the supplements administered: distilled water, honey (2 g/kg body weight), ginger (60 mg/kg body weight), and honey + ginger. Body weight and glucose levels were recorded weekly, while blood from the orbital sinus was obtained after 3 weeks of supplementation for the estimation of metabolic profile: glucose, triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH): oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The combination of gelam honey and ginger did not show hypoglycaemic potential; however, the combination treatment reduced significantly (P < 0.05) SOD and CAT activities as well as MDA level, while GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to diabetic control rats.
Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) therapy on the female sexual response cycle of women with major depression

Hatta S, Duni A, Ng CG, Lin N, Marhani M, Das S, et al.

Clin Ter, 2013;164(1):11-5.
PMID: 23455735 DOI: 10.7417/T.2013.1503

Depression and its treatment may influence all aspects of the female sexual function from desire to sexual satisfaction. This study aimed to examine the components of the female sexual response cycle (SRC) of women with major depression treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.
Effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on the development of the reproductive system of Sprague Dawley rats

Zin SR, Omar SZ, Khan NL, Musameh NI, Das S, Kassim NM

Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2013;68(2):253-62.
PMID: 23525324

OBJECTIVES: Genistein is known to influence reproductive system development through its binding affinity for estrogen receptors. The present study aimed to further explore the effect of Genistein on the development of the reproductive system of experimental rats.
METHODS: Eighteen post-weaning female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: (i) a control group that received vehicle (distilled water and Tween 80); (ii) a group treated with 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) of Genistein (Gen 10); and (iii) a group treated with a higher dose of Genistein (Gen 100). The rats were treated daily for three weeks from postnatal day 22 (P22) to P42. After the animals were sacrificed, blood samples were collected, and the uteri and ovaries were harvested and subjected to light microscopy and immunohistochemical study.
RESULTS: A reduction of the mean weekly BW gain and organ weights (uteri and ovaries) were observed in the Gen 10 group compared to the control group; these findings were reversed in the Gen 100 group. Follicle stimulating hormone and estrogen levels were increased in the Gen 10 group and reduced in the Gen 100 group. Luteinizing hormone was reduced in both groups of Genistein-treated animals, and there was a significant difference between the Gen 10 and control groups (p<0.05). These findings were consistent with increased atretic follicular count, a decreased number of corpus luteum and down-regulation of estrogen receptors-a in the uterine tissues of the Genistein-treated animals compared to the control animals.
CONCLUSION: Post-weaning exposure to Genistein could affect the development of the reproductive system of ovarian-intact experimental rats because of its action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis by regulating hormones and estrogen receptors.
Efficacy of fasting and calorie restriction (FCR) on mood and depression among ageing men

Hussin NM, Shahar S, Teng NI, Ngah WZ, Das SK

J Nutr Health Aging, 2013;17(8):674-80.
PMID: 24097021 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-013-0344-9

OBJECTIVE: An intervention study on the FCR (Fasting and Calorie Restriction) dietary regime was carried out to determine its efficacy in improving mood states and depression status among ageing men.
SUBJECTS: A total of 32 healthy males (Mean±SD), aged 59.7±6.3 years, with a BMI of 26.7±2.2 kg/m2 were recruited to the study.
METHOD: Participants were randomized to either the FCR group (and were instructed to follow a calorie restricted dietary regime with intermittent fasting) or to the control group (in which individuals were asked to maintain their current lifestyle), for a 3 month period. Mood was assessed using the Profile of Mood States and depression was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory-II and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 at baseline, week 6 and week 12 of the intervention.
RESULTS: A total of 31 subjects completed the study (n=16, FCR and n=15, control). Significant decreases in tension, anger, confusion and total mood disturbance and improvements in vigor were observed in participants in the FCR group compared to the control group (p<0.05). No significant changes in mean depression scores were observed. Weight, BMI and percent body fat were reduced by 3.8%, 3.7% and 5.7% respectively in the FCR group.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that a FCR dietary regime is effective in improving mood states and nutritional status among ageing men.

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