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Fulltext Orbital cellulitis complicated with subperiosteal abscess following post-nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19: A case report

Abdul-Kadir MA, Rosli AH

Clin Case Rep, 2023 May;11(5):e7324.
PMID: 37180319 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7324

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: The nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 is associated with low risks of severe complications, but it is important to consider the patient's medical history and anatomy of the nasal cavity to ensure safety and accuracy of the test. Orbital complications can occur up to 85% secondary to acute sinusitis, and prompt treatments are crucial, particularly in the pediatric group. A conservative approach is effective for subperiosteal abscess if certain criteria are met, and it is not an absolute indication for immediate surgical intervention. However, timely management of orbital cellulitis is essential for better outcomes.
ABSTRACT: Pre-septal and orbital cellulitis are more commonly seen in children than in adults. The incidence of pediatric orbital cellulitis is 1.6 in 100,000. The impact of COVID-19 has led to the increasing practice of nasopharyngeal swab surveillance. We presented a case of rare pediatric orbital cellulitis complicated with subperiosteal abscess secondary to severe acute sinusitis following a nasopharyngeal swab. A 4-year-old boy was brought in by his mother with increasing painful left eye swelling and redness. Three days prior, the patient developed a fever and mild rhinitis with loss of appetite which raised concerns about COVID-19. He had a nasopharyngeal swab on that same day and tested negative. Clinically, there was marked erythematous and tender periorbital and facial oedema involving the left nasal bridge, maxilla extended to the left upper lip with a deviation of the left nasal tip contralaterally. Computed tomography confirmed left orbital cellulitis with left eye proptosis, fullness of left maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses and left subperiosteal abscess. The patient received empirical antibiotics and surgical intervention promptly and recovered well with improvements in ocular symptoms. The nasal swabbing techniques may vary among practitioners, and it is associated with extremely low risks of severe complications from 0.001% to 0.16%. Whether the swab had aggravated the underlying rhinitis or traumatized the turbinates leading to sinus drainage obstruction; a nasal swab may impose the risk of severe orbital infection in a susceptible pediatric patient. Any health practitioner conducting the nasal swab should be vigilant about this potential complication.
A Rare Occurrence of Isolated Endogenous Escherichia coli Panophthalmitis: A Case Report

Ahmad Fauzi N, Rosli AH, Jabbari AJ

Cureus, 2023 Oct;15(10):e47059.
PMID: 38021653 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47059

Panophthalmitis is a severe ocular condition that can lead to devastating outcomes, such as evisceration, if not promptly treated. It typically originates endogenously, with urinary tract infection being a common primary source of infection. This report describes a rare case of a 61-year-old Malay patient with left eye panophthalmitis. Ocular culture revealed Escherichia coli, while systemic septic workup yielded negative results. Due to the severity of the ocular condition at presentation and the disproportionate level of pain the patient had, an immunocompromised state was suspected and later the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was confirmed via laboratory investigation. Despite the delay in presentation, which hindered early intervention, the patient's eyeball was successfully salvaged through a treatment regimen involving three injections of intravitreal antibiotic administered at 48 to 72-hour intervals and a complete course of intravenous antibiotics. This case report highlights the importance of prompt treatment to salvage an eye from evisceration in the case of panophthalmitis.
Recycling of deep eutectic solvent in the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunch

Ng MH, Nu'man AH, Hasliyanti A

J Sep Sci, 2024 Feb;47(4):e2300842.
PMID: 38403445 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300842

The study explored ferulic acid extraction from palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber using deep eutectic solvent (DES) of chlorine chloride-acetic acid as the extraction medium and the way to recover and recycle the DES thereafter. Antisolvent was added to selectively precipitate the ferulic acid, which was recovered by filtration thereafter. Recycling the DES without further purification led to increased ferulic acid yield with each subsequent extraction, likely due to retained ferulic acid. The retained ferulic acid and other impurities could be removed by precipitation brought upon by the addition of a second antisolvent. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that there was no excess ferulic acid in the recycled DES-treated with two types of antisolvents (ethanol and water). The yield of ferulic acid increased from 0.1367-0.1856 g/g when treated with only one antisolvent to 0.1368-0.2897 g/g with two antisolvent treatments. Oil droplets were also observed in the DES upon the addition of antisolvent 2, with recovered oil ranging from 0.6% to 3%. The study emphasized the significance of using DES as an extraction medium for ferulic acid from oil palm EFB fiber and the method to recycle the DES for subsequent processes.
Fulltext Crystal structures of {μ2-N,N'-bis-[(pyridin-3-yl)meth-yl]ethanedi-amide}tetra-kis-(di-methyl-carbamodi-thio-ato)dizinc(II) di-methyl-formamide disolvate and {μ2-N,N'-bis-[(pyridin-3-yl)meth-yl]ethanedi-amide}tetra-kis-(di-n-propyl-carbamodi-thio-ato)dizinc(II)

Arman HD, Poplaukhin P, Tiekink ERT

Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2017 Oct 01;73(Pt 10):1501-1507.
PMID: 29250367 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017012956

The title structures, [Zn2(C3H6NS2)4(C14H14N4O2)]·2C3H7NO (I) and [Zn2(C7H14NS2)4(C14H14N4O2)] (II), each feature a bidentate, bridging bipyridyl-type ligand encompassing a di-amide group. In (I), the binuclear compound is disposed about a centre of inversion, leading to an open conformation, while in (II), the complete mol-ecule is completed by the application of a twofold axis of symmetry so that the bridging ligand has a U-shape. In each of (I) and (II), the di-thio-carbamate ligands are chelating with varying degrees of symmetry, so the zinc atom is within an NS4 set approximating a square-pyramid for (I) and a trigonal-bipyramid for (II). The solvent di-methyl-formaide (DMF) mol-ecules in (I) connect to the bridging ligand via amide-N-H⋯O(DMF) and various amide-, DMF-C-H⋯O(amide, DMF) inter-actions. The resultant three-mol-ecule aggregates assemble into a three-dimensional architecture via C-H⋯π(pyridyl, chelate ring) inter-actions. In (II), undulating tapes sustained by amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonding lead to linear supra-molecular chains with alternating mol-ecules lying to either side of the tape; no further directional inter-actions are noted in the crystal.
Fulltext A two-dimensional coordination polymer: poly[[bis-[μ2-N-ethyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmeth-yl)di-thio-carbamato-κ3N:S,S']cadmium(II)] 3-methyl-pyridine monosolvate]

Arman HD, Poplaukhin P, Tiekink ERT

Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2017 Apr 01;73(Pt 4):488-492.
PMID: 28435704 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017003516

The title compound, {[Cd(C9H11N2S2)2]·C6H7N} n , features two μ2-κ3-di-thio-carbamate ligands each of which chelates one CdII atom, via the S atoms, while simultaneously bridging to another via the pyridyl-N atom. The result is a two-dimensional coordination polymer extending parallel to the ab plane with square channels along the b axis. The CdII atom geometry is based on a distorted cis-N2S4 octa-hedron. The 3-methyl-pyridine mol-ecules reside in the channels aligned along the b axis, being held in place by methyl-ene-C-H⋯N(3-methyl-pyridine) and (3-methyl-pyridine)-C-H⋯π(pyrid-yl) inter-actions. Pyridyl-C-H⋯S and di-thio-carbamate-methyl-C-H⋯π(pyrid-yl) inter-actions provide connections between layers along the c axis.
Fulltext SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructures

Wibawa PJ, Nur M, Asy'ari M, Nur H

Heliyon, 2020 Mar;6(3):e03546.
PMID: 32190760 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03546

The microstructures of the activated carbon black microparticles (ACBMPs) generated through both treatments of 20 min ultrasonic and 400 °C thermal energy equivalent have been analyzed properly using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The research was aiming to generate binding or active sites points on the outer surface of the ACBMPs body of which commonly plays an important role in both adsorption and catalytic processes. It was observed that around 150 nm up to 400 nm in average diameter super macro voids with many various turns of nano-scale wells, and around 1.84 angstrom (Å) up to 15.98 Å intraparticle pores were generated. In addition, the parallel planes spacing of the carbonaceous framework sheets, namely d hkl in Miller indexes terminology, of about 4.44 Å up to 2.98 Å constructed the inner particles of the ACBMPs body. A new nomenclature method for the binding or active site shapes identification and classifying them into four categories based on the quadrants terminology, i.e. quadrant one (Q1), two (Q2), three (Q3) and four (Q4) is proposed. Each the quadrants contains four categories of turns types, i.e. sharp, semi sharp, obtuse and non-significant turns depending on the angle of the associated turn in radian angle, θ. Finally, it can be concluded that the combination of ultrasonic and thermal energy treatments in fabricating ACBMPs could generate binding or active site points with unique shapes as a transit terminal for any guest molecules, in this context is methyl red (MR) molecules to enter into the suitable intra-particles pores of the ACBMPs body.
Fulltext Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al-Ag/ITO multilayer contact

Isiyaku AK, Ali AH, Nayan N

Beilstein J Nanotechnol, 2020;11:695-702.
PMID: 32461871 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.57

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a widely used material for transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films due to its good optical and electrical properties. Improving the optoelectronic properties of ITO films with reduced thickness is crucial and quite challenging. ITO-based multilayer films with an aluminium-silver (Al-Ag) interlayer (ITO/Al-Ag/ITO) and a pure ITO layer (as reference) were prepared by RF and DC sputtering. The microstructural, optical and electrical properties of the ITO/Al-Ag/ITO (IAAI) films were investigated before and after annealing at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the insertion of the Al-Ag intermediate bilayer led to the crystallization of an Ag interlayer even at the as-deposited stage. Peaks attributed to ITO(222), Ag(111) and Al(200) were observed after annealing, indicating an enhancement in crystallinity of the multilayer films. The annealed IAAI film exhibited a remarkable improvement in optical transmittance (86.1%) with a very low sheet resistance of 2.93 Ω/sq. The carrier concentration increased more than twice when the Al-Ag layer was inserted between the ITO layers. The figure of merit of the IAAI multilayer contact has been found to be high at 76.4 × 10-3 Ω-1 compared to a pure ITO contact (69.4 × 10-3 Ω-1). These highly conductive and transparent ITO films with Al-Ag interlayer can be a promising contact for low-resistance optoelectronics devices.
Fulltext Feasibility of using latex examination gloves as dental dam: a tensile strength study

Budi Aslinie Md Sabri, Nur Hidayah Mohd Radzi, Fatimatuz Zahira Abdul Hadi, Ikmal HishamIsmai

Compendium of Oral Science, 2015;2(1):6-13.
MyJurnal

Objective: To evaluate feasibility of hand gloves as a rubber dam isolation alternative, in respect of physical properties. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial study design was used. Three types of gloves were tested with two types of a rubber dam used as the control group. Cut-out pattern of dumb-bell shapes were made from 35 samples for each type of groups and tensile strength were tested using Universal Testing Machine and the Trapezium X software. All tests for physical requirements were performed in accord-ance with American Society for Testing and Materials D412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension. Findings were analyzed by analysis of vari-ance (ANOVA) and differences were compared using a Tukey-Kramer interval calculated at the 0.05 signifi-cance level. Results: Heavy gauge rubber dam has the highest Mean (calculated at the 0.05 significance level) except for maximum stress calculated at entire area. Medium-gauge rubber dam has significantly higher tensile strength (44.5075 N/mm2) when compared to heavy-gauge rubber dam (35.7787 N/mm2) although it was 0.09mm thinner. Discovery 2020 Powder Free Latex Examination Gloves with tensile strength value of 28.5922 N/mm2 (±3.27366) is more than the minimum requirement specified by American Federal Specification ZZ-R90B Rubber Dam (Dental, 1985) (4000 pounds per square inch or 27.6 N/mm2). For all variable tested, all groups are significantly different from each other. The mean square between the groups was quite large. Conclusion: This study shows that there are significant differences between the physical strength of latex gloves when com-pared to rubber dam. However, the comparison between thickness and tensile strength among various rubber dam, did not correspond proportionately. Only one type of rubber gloves met the minimum requirement but that is just one aspect. In view of these mixed results, more research is needed before we can conclude that it is feasable that we use hand gloves to replace rubber dam.
Condition index of meretrix lyrata (sowerby 1851) and its relationship with water parameter in Sarawak

Hadi Hamli, Mohd Hanafi Idris, Amy Halimah Rajaee, Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal, Mohammad Nesarul Hoque

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:545-551.

Condition Index (CI) was used to estimate the reproductive biology cycle of the hard clam Meretrix lyrata based on dry
body weight and shell weight. High CI value was observed due to the increase in the body weight of the hard clam that
corresponding to the maturity stage and early spawning. The CI value of M. lyrata from Buntal Village, Kuching, Sarawak
showed three highest peaks during the 12-month study on May and October 2013 and March 2014. The lowest CI values
were obtained in September and November 2013 and April 2014. Ammonia nitrogen was the only water parameter that
significantly correlated to the CI values. The CI application is important to estimate the maturity of hard clam gonad
to facilitate conservation activity through the hard clam harvesting out of the gonad maturation and spawning period.
Growth conditions of graphene grown in chemical vapour deposition (CVD)

Mohamad Shukri Sirat, Edhuan Ismail, Hadi Purwanto, Mohd Hanafi Ani, Mohd Asyadi Azam Mohd Abid

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1033-1038.

The fabrication of high quality graphene has become the main interest in current chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method due to the scalability for mass production of graphene-based electronic devices. The quality of graphene is determined by defect density, number of layers and properties changed such as electron mobility, transparency and conductivity as compared to the pristine graphene. Here, we did a study on the effects of reaction conditions such as methane, CH4 concentration and deposition time towards the quality of graphene produced. We found that by lowering both CH4 concentration down to 20% and deposition time to 5 min, a better quality graphene was produced with higher I2D/IG ratio of 0.82 compared to other reaction condition. Through the analysis, we concluded that there are two important parameters to be controlled to obtain high quality graphene.
Fulltext Macular branch retinal vein occlusion: a revisit and case report

Azhan, A., Mutasim, H., Abdul-Hadi, R., Khairul-Anwar, I., Zunaina, E.

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2018;3(2):18-21.
MyJurnal

Macular branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), a type of retinal vein occlusion, is rarely recognised as a distinct entity. Macular BRVO has unique clinical features and different natural courses than the major BRVO. We report a case of a young patient with macular BRVO with macular oedema who was successfully treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection. A 43 year-old Chinese man with no underlying medical illness presented with 2 weeks history of left eye painless reduced central vision which was worsening over time. On examination, his left eye visual acuity was 6/30 and Amsler chart drawing showed a lower central scotoma. Dilated fundus examination found marked flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages with cotton wool spot over the superior macular area bounded superiorly by superior arcade and macular thickening. An optical coherence tomography revealed cystoid macular oedema; and fundus fluorescein angiography showed occlusion of a small venous branch draining a superior part of macula to superior temporal venous arcade. A complete medical investigation found that he has hypertriglyceridemia and he was managed accordingly. His vision had improved to 6/6 after receiving 3 injections of intravitreal ranibizumab with no residual central scotoma and complete resolution of macular oedema.
Fulltext Toxicity assessment of gallic acid loaded graphene oxide (GAGO) nano-formulation in zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryos

Ahmad Ashraful Hadi Abdul Ghafor, Nurhuda Elias, Suhaili Shams, Faizah Md Yasin, Sarchio, Seri Narti Edayu

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(1):311-326.
MyJurnal

Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic compound found in almost all plants and has been reported to possess powerful health benefits such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties. However, GA suffers a short half-life when administered in vivo. Recent studies have employed graphene oxide (GO), a biocompatible and cost-effective graphene derivative, as a nanocarrier for GA. However, the toxicity effect of this formulated nano-compound has not been fully studied. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the toxicity and teratogenicity of GA loaded GO (GAGO) against zebrafish embryogenesis to further advance the development of GA as a therapeutic agent. GAGO was exposed to zebrafish embryos (n ≥ 10; 24hr post fertilization (hpf)) at different concentrations (0-500 μg/ml). The development of zebrafish was observed and recorded twice daily for four days. The toxicity of pure GO and GA was also observed at similar concentrations. Distilled water was used as control throughout the experiment. A significantly high mortality rate, delayed hatching rate and low heartbeat were recorded in embryos exposed to GO at concentrations of ≥ 150 μg/ml at 48 hr (p
Inhibition of aspergillus niger by application of punica granatum peels and cucurbita maxima seeds as bio-fungicide

Sarina Mohamad, Nur Atiqah Abd Hadi, Tun Mohd Firdaus Azis, Nur Syafiqah Rahim

Science Letters, 2020;14(2):94-102.
MyJurnal

Infection on plant caused by Aspergillus niger leads to the destruction of quantity and quality of crop yields. Normally, this disease is solved by the chemical fungicides. Therefore, this study was carried out to seek a potential natural fungicide from fruit waste which is safer and economical to inhibit Aspergillus niger. Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin) seeds and Punica granatum (pomegaranate) peels were extracted using maceration method with 80% ethanol. Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BLSA) was used to test the presence of bioactive components in the extracts at concentration of 10 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL and they are expressed in terms of LC50 (Median Lethal Concentration) respectively. The study revealed that Cucurbita maxima extract was inactive, while Punica granatum extract and the mixture of both extracts at ratio 1:1 were active at 1000 µg/mL. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of Cucurbita maxima extract, Punica granatum extract, and mixture of both extracts were further tested using well-diffusion method against A. niger at 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/mL, 75 mg/ml and 100 mg/mL respectively. The findings revealed the mixture of both extracts were exerted effectively against A. niger at the lowest concentration with 20.67±2.52 mm and this gave significant zone of inhibition. The result of the study indicates that the mixture extraction of pomegranate peels and pumpkin seeds at 25 mg/mL has a great potential to be formulated as commercial bio-fungicide.
Fulltext Diabetic foot care practice and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending primary health clinics in Kuantan, Malaysia: a cross sectional study

NH Azmi, Azwanis Abdul Hadi, Mohd Aznan Md Aris, E Nasreen, Hashima

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020;19(2):13-19.
MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: One of the most important and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus is foot
problem such as ulcers, infections and amputations. However, these complications are preventable by simple
intervention such as regular foot care practice. This study aims to assess the foot care practice and its
associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending primary health clinics in Kuantan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at four primary health clinics in
Kuantan involving 450 study participants who were selected by using universal sampling method. Level of
awareness and practice toward diabetic foot care was assessed using validated self-administered
questionnaire. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with poor foot care
practice among the respondents. RESULTS: About 59.6% of respondents had poor foot care practice and
50.9% had poor awareness level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that, increasing age
(OR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.955-0.993) and good awareness towards foot problem (OR 0.43, 95%CI: 0.289-0.643)
were less likely to have poor foot care practice. However, Malay ethnicity (OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.002-3.271) and
obesity (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.225-2.976) were associated with poor foot care practice after controlling other
variables. CONCLUSION: Majority of the respondents had poor foot care practice and poor awareness.
Respondents who are older and have better awareness are less likely to have poor foot care practice.
Diabetic patients who are Malays and/or obese are predicted to have poor diabetic foot practice and hence
must be prioritized for a sustainable patient education and compliance towards foot care practice at primary
care level.
Fulltext Correlation of cAMP response element binding and brain derived neurotrophic factor protein levels in adolescents with adequacy fruit intake: a cross sectional study

Siti Noor Syarma Mohd Sharif, Mohd Adzim Khalili Rohin, Norhayati Abd Hadi

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):176-184.
MyJurnal

Introduction: cAMP Response Element Binding (CREB) and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) protein levels tend to be a critical mediator for the beneficial effects of diet on neurogenesis and cognitive function. Increased fruit intake has been associated with improved cognitive function. However, in Malaysia, most adolescents still haven't met the recommended intake of fruits and far less is known on how their adequacy of fruit intake can be affected to their protein levels of CREB and BDNF. Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 352 students aged 14 and 16 years old involving 11 secondary schools in Kuala Terengganu, Marang and Hulu Terengganu Districts. A validated MyUM adolescent FFQ was used for fruit intake assessment. Blood sample to determine the level of CREB and BDNF proteins. Results: A total of 53.7% of adolescents consumed an adequate intake ( 2 servings/day) of fruits. Serum level BDNF was significantly (p
Fulltext Smartphone Addiction and Its Relationship with Psychological Health among Clinical Years Medical Students of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan

Azwanis Abdul Hadi, Hawari Musyir Mohd Nawawi, Nurafifah Shamsuri, Nurul Najihah Rahim, Hafizah Pasi

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(102):10-0.
MyJurnal

Smartphones has now become a common and almost essential tool in our daily living activities. Students are among those who uses smartphones regularly which could lead to addiction if overused. This study aims to measure the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relationship with psychological health among clinical year medical students in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan. Materials and method: A total of 203 Medical students in their clinical years were recruited via quota sampling method. The students filled in a four part online-based questionnaire consisted of questions on sociodemographic characteristics, smartphone usage information, Smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV) and WHOQOL-BREF. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Result: The prevalence of smartphone addiction among clinical year Medical students in IIUM was 51%. Bivariate analysis showed that majority of students chose social networking as their primary purpose of smartphone usage and this is significantly associated with smartphone addiction (p-value:0.037). Following multiple logistic regression analysis, students who had chosen games as their primary purpose of smartphone usage are 88% less likely to be related with smartphone addiction (p-value: 0.009, 95% CI: 0.025-0.595) compared to those who used it for academic performance tasks. Students who are not addicted to smartphones reported significantly better psychological quality of life compared to those who are addicted (p-value
Fulltext Oral Health Related Quality of Life Among Adult Patients Attending Periodontal Clinic in Kuliyyah of Dentistry IIUM Kuantan

Juzaily binti Husain, Farah Natasha Mohd, Abdul Hadi Said, Munirah Yaacob

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(102):6-0.
MyJurnal

There was lack of local study assessing the oral health related quality of life (OHRQOL) of patients with periodontal diseases. Hence, this study aims to assess the OHRQOL and its associated factors in adult patients who were diagnosed with gingivitis and periodontitis. Material and method: This was a cross sectional study conducted from May to December 2018 among 100 participants attended Periodontal Clinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry of International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) using purposive sampling methods. Clinical parameters of participants were recorded by a single examiner then followed by a selfadministered questionnaire using the validated short version of Oral Health Impact Profile(S-OHIP) (Malay) to assess the OHRQOL and its associated factors. The OHRQOL of participants were reported using mean and standard deviation. The factors associated with OHRQOL were determined using independent t-test and Spearman correlation test. Results: The mean score for S-OHIP was 14.73 ± 9.24. Participants with periodontitis have higher S-OHIP score compared to those with gingivitis. There were significant association between OHRQOL and underlying diabetes mellitus, self-perceived oral health status and self-perceived oral health satisfaction with p value < 0.05. This shows that those with underlying diabetes mellitus have higher S-OHIP score indicated poorer OHRQOL. Meanwhile, those who perceived they have either good or very good oral hygiene and satisfied with their oral health have lower S-OHIP score indicated better OHRQOL. Conclusion: This study found that periodontal diseases have significant association with the OHRQOL. Therefore, reinforcement of oral health education by the dentists is crucial.
Fulltext Diabetic foot care practice and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending primary health clinics in kuantan, malaysia: a cross sectional study.

Azmi NH, Abdul Hadi A, Md Aris MA, Nasreen HE, Che-Ahmad A

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020;19(2):13-19.
MyJurnal

One of the most important and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus is foot problem such as ulcers, infections and amputations. However, these complications are preventable by simple intervention such as regular foot care practice. This study aims to assess the foot care practice and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending primary health clinics in Kuantan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at four primary health clinics in Kuantan involving 450 study participants who were selected by using universal sampling method. Level of awareness and practice toward diabetic foot care was assessed using validated self-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with poor foot care practice among the respondents. RESULTS:About 59.6% of respondents had poor foot care practice and 50.9% had poor awareness level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that, increasing age (OR0.97, 95% CI: 0.955-0.993) and good awareness towards foot problem (OR0.43, 95%CI: 0.289-0.643) were less likely to have poor foot care practice. However, Malay ethnicity (OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.002-3.271) and obesity (OR1.9, 95% CI: 1.225-2.976) were associated with poor foot care practice after controlling other variables. CONCLUSION:Majority of the respondents had poor foot care practice and poor awareness. Respondents who are older and have better awareness are less likely to have poor foot care practice. Diabetic patients who are Malays and/or obese are predicted to have poor diabetic foot practice and hence must be prioritized for a sustainable patient education and compliance towards foot care practice at primary care level.
Fulltext Prevalence and associated factors of diabetic foot at risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending primary health clinics in kuantan.

Azmi NH, Abdul Hadi A, Md Aris MA, Nasreen HE, Che-Ahmad A

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020;19(3):11-19.
MyJurnal

The diabetic foot at risk is the diabetic foot which is at risk of ulceration, hence the importance of identifying the foot at this stage. This study aims to assess the prevalence of diabetic foot at risk and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ attending primary health clinics in Kuantan.Methods and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at four primary health clinics in Kuantan involving 450 study participants who were selected by using universal sampling method. Foot examination was carried out and foot at risk was classified based on the Kings’ Classification. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify the predictors for diabetic foot at risk. Results: The prevalence of diabetic foot at risk was 31.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (OR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), smoker (OR 4.11, 95% CI: 1.96-8.63) and duration of diabetes more than 10 years (OR1.77, 95% CI: 1.05-2.98) as risk factors for diabetic foot at risk. Respondents with higher diabetic foot practice score (OR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.98) have lesser risk of developing diabetic foot at risk. Conclusion: Patients who are older, smoker and/or have chronic diabetes are predicted to be at higher risk to develop the diabetic foot at risk. This study also showed that patients with better foot care practice has lesser risk. Therefore, these are the groups of patients that need to be targeted for early detection and intervention to prevent serious complications.
Fulltext Prevalence of depression amongst caregivers of stroke patients attending hospital universiti sains malaysia.

Azwanis Bnti Abdul Hadi, Hafizah Binti Pasi, Nivin Essam Eldin Abd Alla Yousef

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):195-200.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Caregiving for stroke patients is a challenging task both emotionally and physically. Studies have shown that caregiving can affect caregivers’ wellbeing that could lead to depression. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of depression amongst caregivers of stroke patients attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) in Kelantan over a 6 month period. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study at the primary care clinic in HUSM over a period of 6 months. A total of116 caregivers of medically documented stroke patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited via convenience sampling. The brief patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess their depression. Descriptive statistics and bivariable analysis was used using SPSS version 23.Results: 63.8% of the caregivers of stroke patients are depressed. Caregiver’s burden, ethnicity and patient’s ethnicity were found to be significant associated risk factors for depression.Conclusion: Screening for depression in caregivers especially those with risk factors must be carried out in the clinic in order to detect and intervene early. Coping mechanisms especially in the religious aspect should be elicited in future studies.

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