Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 217 in total

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  1. Isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range ducks in Malaysia
    Puvanesuaran VR, Noordin R, Balakrishnan V
    Avian Dis, 2013 Mar;57(1):128-32.
    PMID: 23678741
    Toxoplasma gondii is a parasitic protozoan that infects nearly one-third of humans. The present study was performed to isolate and genotype T. gondii from free-range ducks in Malaysia. Sera, heads, and hearts from 205 ducks were obtained from four states in Peninsular Malaysia, and 30 (14.63%) sera were found to be seropositive when assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT > or = 1:6). All the positive samples were inoculated into mice, and T. gondii was successfully isolated from four individual duck samples (1.95%), which were initially found to be strongly seropositive (MAT > or = 1:24). The isolates were subjected to PCR-RFLP analysis, and two T. gondii strains were identified: type I and type II. This is the first reported study on the genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from free-range farm animals in Southeast Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry Diseases/epidemiology*; Poultry Diseases/parasitology
  2. Efficacy of Various HVT Vaccines (Conventional and Recombinant) Against Marek's Disease in Broiler Chickens: Effect of Dose and Age of Vaccination
    Gimeno IM, Cortes AL, Faiz N, Villalobos T, Badillo H, Barbosa T
    Avian Dis, 2016 09;60(3):662-8.
    PMID: 27610727 DOI: 10.1637/11415-040116-Reg.1
    Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) has been successfully used as a Marek's disease (MD) vaccine for more than 40 yr. Either alone (broiler chickens) or in combination with vaccines of other serotypes (broilers, broiler breeders, and layers), HVT is used worldwide. In recent years, several vector vaccines based on HVT (rHVT) have been developed. At present, there are both conventional HVT and rHVTs in the market, and it is unknown if all of them confer the same level of protection against MD. The objective of this study was to further characterize the protection conferred by two conventional HVTs (HVT-A and HVT-B) and three recombinant HVTs (rHVT-B, rHVT-C, and rHVT-D) against MD in broiler chickens. In a first study we evaluated the efficacy of two conventional HVTs (HVT-A and HVT-B) administered at different doses (475, 1500, and 4000 PFU) at day of age on the ability to protect against an early challenge with very virulent plus strain 645. In a second experiment we evaluated the protection ability of several HVTs (both conventional and recombinant) when administered in ovo at a dose of 1500 PFU using the same challenge model. Our results show that each HVT product is unique, regardless of being conventional or recombinant, in their ability to protect against MD and might require different PFUs to achieve its maximum efficacy. In Experiment 1, HVT-A at 4000 PFU conferred higher protection (protection index [PI] = 63) than any of the other vaccine protocols (PI ranging from 36 to 47). In Experiment 2, significant differences were found among vaccine protocols with PI varying from 66 (HVT-A) to 15 (rHVT-D). Our results show that each HVT is unique and age at vaccination and vaccine dose greatly affected vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, they highlight the need of following manufacturer's recommendations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry Diseases/prevention & control*; Poultry Diseases/virology
  3. The genetic characteristics and evolution of Tembusu virus
    Lei W, Guo X, Fu S, Feng Y, Tao X, Gao X, et al.
    Vet Microbiol, 2017 Mar;201:32-41.
    PMID: 28284620 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.003
    BACKGROUND: Since the turn of the 21st century, there have been several epidemic outbreaks of poultry diseases caused by Tembusu virus (TMUV). Although multiple mosquito and poultry-derived strains of TMUV have been isolated, no data exist about their comparative study, origin, evolution, and dissemination.

    METHODOLOGY: Parallel virology was used to investigate the phenotypes of duck and mosquito-derived isolates of TMUV. Molecular biology and bioinformatics methods were employed to investigate the genetic characteristics and evolution of TMUV.

    PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The plaque diameter of duck-derived isolates of TMUV was larger than that of mosquito-derived isolates. The cytopathic effect (CPE) in mammalian cells occurred more rapidly induced by duck-derived isolates than by mosquito-derived isolates. Furthermore, duck-derived isolates required less time to reach maximum titer, and exhibited higher viral titer. These findings suggested that poultry-derived TMUV isolates were more invasive and had greater expansion capability than the mosquito-derived isolates in mammalian cells. Variations in amino acid loci in TMUV E gene sequence revealed two mutated amino acid loci in strains isolated from Malaysia, Thailand, and Chinese mainland compared with the prototypical strain of the virus (MM1775). Furthermore, TMUV isolates from the Chinese mainland had six common variations in the E gene loci that differed from the Southeast Asian strains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that TMUV did not exhibit a species barrier in avian species and consisted of two lineages: the Southeast Asian and the Chinese mainland lineages. Molecular traceability studies revealed that the recent common evolutionary ancestor of TMUV might have appeared before 1934 and that Malaysia, Thailand and Shandong Province of China represent the three main sources related to TMUV spread.

    CONCLUSIONS: The current broad distribution of TMUV strains in Southeast Asia and Chinese mainland exhibited longer-range diffusion and larger-scale propagation. Therefore, in addition to China, other Asian and European countries linked to Asia have used improved measures to detect and monitor TMUV related diseases to prevent epidemics in poultry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry Diseases/transmission; Poultry Diseases/virology*
  4. Differential expression of immune-related genes in the bursa of Fabricius of two inbred chicken lines following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus
    Mohd Isa F, Ahmed Al-Haj N, Mat Isa N, Ideris A, Powers C, Oladapo O, et al.
    Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 2020 Feb;68:101399.
    PMID: 31837598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101399
    Among different inbred chickens' lines, we previously showed that lines P and N of Institute for Animal Health, Compton, UK are the most susceptible and the least affected lines, respectively, following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). In this study, the differential expressions of 29 different immune-related genes were characterized. Although, birds from both lines succumbed to infection, line P showed greater bursal lesion scores and higher viral copy numbers compared to line N. Interestingly, line N showed greater down-regulation of B cell related genes (BLNK, TNFSF13B and CD72) compared to line P. While up-regulation of T-cell related genes (CD86 and CTLA4) and Th1 associated cytokines (IFNG, IL2, IL12A and IL15) were documented in both lines, the expression levels of these genes were different in the two lines. Meanwhile, the expression of IFN-related genes IFNB, STAT1, and IRF10, but not IRF5, were up-regulated in both lines. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL6, IL18, and IL17) and chemokines (CXCLi2, CCL4, CCL5 and CCR5) were up-regulated in both lines with greater increase documented in line P compared to line N. Strikingly, the expression of IL12B was detected only in line P whilst the expression of IL15RA was detected only in line N. In conclusion, the bursal immunopathology of IBDV correlates more with expression of proinflammatory response related genes and does not related to expression of B-cell related genes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry Diseases/immunology*; Poultry Diseases/virology
  5. Fulltext Effect of dietary combination of methionine and fish oil on cellular immunity and plasma fatty acids in infectious bursal disease challenged chickens
    Maroufyan E, Kasim A, Yong Meng G, Ebrahimi M, Teck Chwen L, Mehrbod P, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:531397.
    PMID: 24198724 DOI: 10.1155/2013/531397
    This study was carried out to investigate the modulatory effects of dietary methionine and fish oil on immune response, plasma fatty acid profile, and blood parameters of infectious bursal disease (IBD) challenged broiler chickens. A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chicks were assigned to one of six dietary treatment groups in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. There were three levels of fish oil (0, 2.5 and 5.5%), and two levels of methionine (NRC recommendation and twice NRC recommendation). The results showed that the birds fed with 5.5% fish oil had higher total protein, white blood cell count, and IL-2 concentration than those of other groups at 7 days after IBD challenge. Inclusion of fish oil in diet had no effect on IFN- γ concentration. However, supplementation of methionine twice the recommendation enhanced the serum IFN- γ and globulin concentration. Neither of fish oil nor methionine supplementation affected the liver enzymes concentration. It can be suggested that a balance of moderate level of fish oil (2.5%) and methionine level (twice NRC recommendation) might enhance immune response in IBD challenged broiler chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry Diseases/blood; Poultry Diseases/diet therapy*; Poultry Diseases/immunology*
  6. Fulltext Rainfed areas and animal agriculture in Asia: the wanting agenda for transforming productivity growth and rural poverty
    Devendra C
    Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2012 Jan;25(1):122-42.
    PMID: 25049487 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.r.09
    The importance of rainfed areas and animal agriculture on productivity enhancement and food security for economic rural growth in Asia is discussed in the context of opportunities for increasing potential contribution from them. The extent of the rainfed area of about 223 million hectares and the biophysical attributes are described. They have been variously referred to inter alia as fragile, marginal, dry, waste, problem, threatened, range, less favoured, low potential lands, forests and woodlands, including lowlands and uplands. Of these, the terms less favoured areas (LFAs), and low or high potential are quite widely used. The LFAs are characterised by four key features: i) very variable biophysical elements, notably poor soil quality, rainfall, length of growing season and dry periods, ii) extreme poverty and very poor people who continuously face hunger and vulnerability, iii) presence of large populations of ruminant animals (buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep), and iv) have had minimum development attention and an unfinished wanting agenda. The rainfed humid/sub-humid areas found mainly in South East Asia (99 million ha), and arid/semi-arid tropical systems found in South Asia (116 million ha) are priority agro-ecological zones (AEZs). In India for example, the ecosystem occupies 68% of the total cultivated area and supports 40% of the human and 65% of the livestock populations. The area also produces 4% of food requirements. The biophysical and typical household characteristics, agricultural diversification, patterns of mixed farming and cropping systems are also described. Concerning animals, their role and economic importance, relevance of ownership, nomadic movements, and more importantly their potential value as the entry point for the development of LFAs is discussed. Two examples of demonstrated success concern increasing buffalo production for milk and their expanded use in semi-arid AEZs in India, and the integration of cattle and goats with oil palm in Malaysia. Revitalised development of the LFAs is justified by the demand for agricultural land to meet human needs e.g. housing, recreation and industrialisation; use of arable land to expand crop production to ceiling levels; increasing and very high animal densities; increased urbanisation and pressure on the use of available land; growing environmental concerns of very intensive crop production e.g. acidification and salinisation with rice cultivation; and human health risks due to expanding peri-urban poultry and pig production. The strategies for promoting productivity growth will require concerted R and D on improved use of LFAs, application of systems perspectives for technology delivery, increased investments, a policy framework and improved farmer-researcher-extension linkages. These challenges and their resolution in rainfed areas can forcefully impact on increased productivity, improved livelihoods and human welfare, and environmental sustainability in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry
  7. Fulltext Improving the potency of DNA vaccine against chicken anemia virus (CAV) by fusing VP1 protein of CAV to Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) type-1 VP22 protein
    Moeini H, Omar AR, Rahim RA, Yusoff K
    Virol J, 2011;8:119.
    PMID: 21401953 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-119
    Studies have shown that the VP22 gene of Marek's Disease Virus type-1 (MDV-1) has the property of movement between cells from the original cell of expression into the neighboring cells. The ability to facilitate the spreading of the linked proteins was used to improve the potency of the constructed DNA vaccines against chicken anemia virus (CAV).
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry Diseases/immunology; Poultry Diseases/prevention & control*; Poultry Diseases/virology
  8. Efficacy of VP2 protein expressed in E. coli for protection against highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus
    Omar AR, Kim CL, Bejo MH, Ideris A
    J Vet Sci, 2006 Sep;7(3):241-7.
    PMID: 16871018
    The ability of a heat-inactivated whole virus from a highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus (hvIBDV) and VP2 protein from hvIBDV expressed in E. coli provided protection against a hvIBDV challenge in specificpathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Six out of seven chickens that were injected three times with crude VP2 protein developed significant antibody titer against IBDV. However, only four out of the seven chickens survived the hvIBDV challenge. Despite showing low antibody titer profiles, all chickens immunized with the heat-inactivated whole virus also survived the challenged with hvIBDV. However, all of these chickens had bursal atrophy and mild to moderate depletion of lymphocytes. Thus, antibodies raised against IBDV VP2 protein expressed in E. coli and denatured IBDV proteins induced some degree of protection against mortality but not against bursal damage following challenge with hvIBDV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry Diseases/immunology*; Poultry Diseases/prevention & control; Poultry Diseases/virology
  9. In vitro demonstration of the invasive ability of Campylobacters
    Tay ST, Devi S, Puthucheary S, Kautner I
    Zentralbl. Bakteriol., 1996 Mar;283(3):306-13.
    PMID: 8861868
    By means of the gentamicin HEp-2 cell invasion assay, it was demonstrated that 82% of the Campylobacters tested were cell-invasive, including 83% of isolates from bloody diarrhoea and 80% of isolates from watery diarrhoea. The large number of invasive strains from watery diarrhoea suggests the possible role of invasiveness in the production of watery diarrhoea. Whether this stage can progress further to more severe symptoms such as bloody diarrhoea remains to be elucidated. Whether this progression to bloody diarrhoea occurs as a result of toxin production is still debatable. In Vero cells, invasion was less efficient and intracellular multiplication was not observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry
  10. Biology of the Malaysian strain of Plasmodium juxtanucleare Versiani and Gomes, 1941. 1. Description of the stages in the vertebrate host
    Bennett GF, Warren M
    J Parasitol, 1966 Jun;52(3):565-9.
    PMID: 5942532
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry
  11. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a live vehicle for oral immunization against chicken anemia virus
    Moeini H, Rahim RA, Omar AR, Shafee N, Yusoff K
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2011 Apr;90(1):77-88.
    PMID: 21181148 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3050-0
    The AcmA binding domains of Lactococcus lactis were used to display the VP1 protein of chicken anemia virus (CAV) on Lactobacillus acidophilus. One and two repeats of the cell wall binding domain of acmA gene were amplified from L. lactis MG1363 genome and then inserted into co-expression vector, pBudCE4.1. The VP1 gene of CAV was then fused to the acmA sequences and the VP2 gene was cloned into the second MCS of the same vector before transformation into Escherichia coli. The expressed recombinant proteins were purified using a His-tag affinity column and mixed with a culture of L. acidophilus. Whole cell ELISA and immunofluorescence assay showed the binding of the recombinant VP1 protein on the surface of the bacterial cells. The lactobacilli cells carrying the CAV VP1 protein were used to immunize specific pathogen-free chickens through the oral route. A moderate level of neutralizing antibody to CAV was detected in the serum of the immunized chickens. A VP1-specific proliferative response was observed in splenocytes of the chickens after oral immunization. The vaccinated groups also showed increased levels of Th1 cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ. These observations suggest that L. acidophilus can be used in the delivery of vaccines to chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry Diseases/immunology; Poultry Diseases/prevention & control*; Poultry Diseases/virology
  12. Fulltext Novel probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from indigenous fermented foods from West Sumatera, Indonesia
    Harnentis H, Marlida Y, Nur YS, Wizna W, Santi MA, Septiani N, et al.
    Vet World, 2020 Sep;13(9):1922-1927.
    PMID: 33132606 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1922-1927
    Background and Aim: Probiotics play an important role in maintaining a healthy gut and consequently promote good health. This study aimed to find novel probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from indigenous fermented foods of West Sumatera, Indonesia.

    Materials and Methods: This study utilized 10 LAB previously isolated from fermented buffalo milk (dadih), fermented fish (budu), and fermented cassava (tape) which have the ability to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid. The study commenced with the screening of LAB for certain properties, such as resistance to acid and bile salts, adhesion to mucosal surface, and antagonism against enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus). The promising isolates were identified through biochemical and gram staining methods.

    Results: All isolates in this study were potential novel probiotics. They survived at a pH level of 2.5 for 3 h (55.27-98.18%) and 6 h (50.98-84.91%). Survival in bile at a concentration of 0.3% was 39.90-58.61% and the survival rate was 28.38-52.11% at a concentration of 0.5%. The inhibitory diameter ranged from 8.75 to 11.54 mm for E. coli, 7.02 to 13.42 mm for S. aureus, and 12.49 to 19.00 mm for S. Enteritidis. All the isolates (84.5-92%) exhibited the ability to adhere to mucosal surfaces. This study revealed that all the isolates were potential probiotics but N16 proved to be superior because it was viable at a pH level of 2 (84.91%) and it had a good survival rate in bile salts assay (55.07%). This isolate was identified as Lactobacillus spp., Gram-positive bacilli bacteria, and tested negative in both the catalase and oxidase tests.

    Conclusion: All the isolates in this study may be used as probiotics, with isolate N16 (Lactobacillus spp.) as the most promising novel probiotic for poultry applications based on its ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria.

    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry
  13. Tembusu-like flavivirus (Perak virus) as the cause of neurological disease outbreaks in young Pekin ducks
    Homonnay ZG, Kovács EW, Bányai K, Albert M, Fehér E, Mató T, et al.
    Avian Pathol, 2014;43(6):552-60.
    PMID: 25299764 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.973832
    A neurological disease of young Pekin ducks characterized by ataxia, lameness, and paralysis was observed at several duck farms in Malaysia in 2012. Gross pathological lesions were absent or inconsistent in most of the cases, but severe and consistent microscopic lesions were found in the brain and spinal cord, characterized by non-purulent panencephalomyelitis. Several virus isolates were obtained in embryonated duck eggs and in cell cultures (Vero and DF-1) inoculated with the brain homogenates of affected ducks. After exclusion of other viruses, the isolates were identified as a flavivirus by flavivirus-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Inoculation of 2-week-old Pekin ducks with a flavivirus isolate by the subcutaneous or intramuscular route resulted in typical clinical signs and histological lesions in the brain and spinal cord. The inoculated virus was detected by RT-PCR from organ samples of ducks with clinical signs and histological lesions. With a few days delay, the disease was also observed among co-mingled contact control birds. Phylogenetic analysis of NS5 and E gene sequences proved that the isolates were representatives of a novel phylogenetic group within clade XI (Ntaya virus group) of the Flavivirus genus. This Malaysian Duck Tembusu Virus (DTMUV), named Perak virus, has moderate genomic RNA sequence similarity to a related DTMUV identified in China. In our experiment the Malaysian strain of DTMUV could be transmitted in the absence of mosquito vectors. These findings may have implications for the control and prevention of this emerging group of flaviviruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry Diseases/epidemiology*; Poultry Diseases/pathology; Poultry Diseases/virology
  14. The effects of polymorphisms in IL-2, IFN-γ, TGF-β2, IgL, TLR-4, MD-2, and iNOS genes on resistance to Salmonella enteritidis in indigenous chickens
    Tohidi R, Idris IB, Panandam JM, Bejo MH
    Avian Pathol, 2012 Dec;41(6):605-12.
    PMID: 23237374 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.739680
    Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of food poisoning worldwide, and poultry products are the main source of S. Enteritidis contamination for humans. Among the numerous strategies for disease control, improving genetic resistance to S. Enteritidis has been the most effective approach. We investigated the association between S. Enteritidis burden in the caecum, spleen, and liver of young indigenous chickens and seven candidate genes, selected on the basis of their critical roles in immunological functions. The genes included those encoding interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2), immunoglobulin light chain (IgL), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Two Malaysian indigenous chicken breeds were used as sustainable genetic sources of alleles that are resistant to salmonellosis. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment-length polymorphism technique was used to genotype the candidate genes. Three different genotypes were observed in all of the candidate genes, except for MD-2. All of the candidate genes showed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the two populations. The IL-2-MnlI polymorphism was associated with S. Enteritidis burden in the caecum and spleen. The TGF-β2-RsaI, TLR-4-Sau 96I, and iNOS-AluI polymorphisms were associated with the caecum S. Enteritidis load. The other candidate genes were not associated with S. Enteritidis load in any organ. The results indicate that the IL-2, TGF-β2, TLR-4, and iNOS genes are potential candidates for use in selection programmes for increasing genetic resistance against S. Enteritidis in Malaysian indigenous chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry Diseases/genetics; Poultry Diseases/immunology*; Poultry Diseases/microbiology
  15. Extraction and application of keratin from natural resources: a review
    Chilakamarry CR, Mahmood S, Saffe SNBM, Arifin MAB, Gupta A, Sikkandar MY, et al.
    3 Biotech, 2021 May;11(5):220.
    PMID: 33968565 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02734-7
    Over recent years, keratin has gained great popularity due to its exceptional biocompatible and biodegradable nature. It has shown promising results in various industries like poultry, textile, agriculture, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical. Keratin is a multipurpose biopolymer that has been used in the production of fibrous composites, and with necessary modifications, it can be developed into gels, films, nanoparticles, and microparticles. Its stability against enzymatic degradation and unique biocompatibility has found their way into biomedical applications and regenerative medicine. This review discusses the structure of keratin, its classification and its properties. It also covers various methods by which keratin is extracted like chemical hydrolysis, enzymatic and microbial treatment, dissolution in ionic liquids, microwave irradiation, steam explosion technique, and thermal hydrolysis or superheated process. Special emphasis is placed on its utilisation in the form of hydrogels, films, fibres, sponges, and scaffolds in various biotechnological and industrial sectors. The present review can be noteworthy for the researchers working on natural protein and related usage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry
  16. Anticoccidial and hepatoprotective effects of artemisinin liquid extract, cinnamon essential oil and clove essential oil against Eimeria stiedae infection in rabbits
    Sorour SS, Abou Asa S, Elhawary NM, Ghazy EW, Abd El Latif A, El-Abasy MA, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):926-943.
    PMID: 33601842
    Coccidiosis is one of the most dangerous diseases that affect poultry, resulting in worldwide economic losses. Plant extracts and essential oils have been used as potential alternatives for chemotherapeutics, because they don't have the negative consequence of creating tissue residue and drug resistance. Therefore, this study had been conducted to determine the efficacy of artemisinin liquid extract, cinnamon essential oil and clove essential oil against Eimeria stiedae in rabbits. Sixty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into six equal groups, where group 1 and group 2 represented the negative and the positive controls, respectively, and groups 3-6 were infected with Eimeria stiedae and received 15 ppm toltrazuril, 200 ppm artemisinin, 100 mg/kg cinnamon oil, and 100 mg/kg clove oil, respectively. The results showed that artemisinin had a significant beneficial role in protection against hepatic coccidiosis: it mitigated the clinical symptoms, reduced the mortality rates, improved body weight and feed conversion, decreased the oocyst output, prevented oxidative stress, improved biochemical parameters, and decreased the lesion formation. Moreover, it has been found that cinnamon and clove essential oils induced partial protection against hepatic coccidiosis. Our findings suggested that artemisinin liquid extract and cinnamon and clove essential oils could be used for protection against hepatic coccidiosis. However, further investigations are needed in order to elucidate the active components, optimal doses, and mode of action of these extracts and essential oils before their clinical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry
  17. Fulltext Factors influencing consumer intentions to avoid broiler chicken meat and products in Malaysia
    Huang, L.C., Goh, Y.N., Mohaidin, Z.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(1):181-188.
    MyJurnal
    Reports of bird flu outbreaks occur around the globe, posing a severe threat to the poultry
    industry and consumer health. Despite the number of bird flu scares, few studies have
    considered the impact on consumers’ chicken consumption intentions in a non-western context,
    such as in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence consumers’
    intentions to take precautions by avoiding the consumption of broiler chicken meat and
    products in Malaysia when a bird flu outbreak occurs. A total of 276 online questionnaires were
    disseminated using convenience sampling with 109 respondents completing the questionnaires, generating a response rate of 40.8 percent. The study results show that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived credibility of information, and perceived risk have a significant relationship with consumer intentions to take precautions by avoiding the consumption of broiler chicken meat and products. One factor is the exception: attention towards bird flu news. These findings shed some light on understanding the extent of consumer response (i.e. consumption behavior) to future health crises (e.g. bird flu). Moreover, for policy makers, these findings may serve as a guide and a reference to food safety issues in the poultry industry, especially future bird flu scares.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry
  18. Fulltext Vaccines and vaccination against infectious bursal disease of chickens: prospects and challenges
    Liew, Pit Sze, Nurulfiza Mat Isa, Omar Abdul Rahman, Aini Ideris, Mohd HAIRBEJO
    The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2016;2(2):23-39.
    MyJurnal
    Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known as the Gumboro disease, has been a great
    concern for poultry industry worldwide. The first outbreak of IBD due to very virulent (vv) IBD virus
    (IBDV) infection in Malaysia was reported in 1991. The major economic impact of the disease is high
    mortality and poor performance. The virus causes immunosuppression where if the infected chicken
    recovered from the acute disease, they become more susceptible to infections of other pathogens and
    fail to respond to vaccines. Therefore, prevention is important and vaccination has become the
    principal control measure of IBDV infection in chickens. The conventional attenuated live and killed
    vaccines are the most commonly used vaccines. With the advancement of knowledge and technology,
    new generation of genetically-engineered vaccines like viral vector and immune complex vaccines
    have been commercialised. Moreover, hatchery vaccination is becoming a common practise, in
    addition to farm vaccination. Currently, the disease is considerably under controlled with the
    introduction of vaccination. However, occasional field outbreaks are still commonly reported. The
    demand for vaccines that could suit the field situation continues to exist. The endemicity of disease,
    presence of challenge in the farm and maternally derived antibody in chicks are affecting the choice
    vaccine as well as the vaccine development and vaccination strategies. In this review, advances made
    in various vaccines that have been commercialised or under development, and challenges that they
    face, are outlined. Furthermore, how the emergence of vvIBDV affect the progress of vaccine
    development and influence its vaccination strategy are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry
  19. [Livestock industry on the Malaysian peninsula]
    Mahendranathan T
    DTW. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr., 1975 Sep 5;82(9):376-80.
    PMID: 770128
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry
  20. Fulltext A bionomic study of Hymenopteran parasitoids at the Taman Beringin landfill in Kepong and a poultry farm in Sungai Pelek, Selangor, Malaysia
    Baharudin Omar, Raja M. Zuha Raja Kamal, Goh, Daniel Chuan Lee, Wan Omar Abdullah, Jeffery, John
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(2):15-21.
    MyJurnal
    A four-month cross-sectional study found five species of parasitoids parasitizing puparia of filth flies breeding at the Taman Beringin landfill in Kepong and a poultry farm in Sungai Pelek, Sepang, Selangor. Effect of monthly rainfalls towards density of flies and percentage of parasitoids emerging from collected puparia were also analyzed. Spalangia sp. was the most common, consisting of Spalangia endius Walker, S. cameroni Perkins and S. gemina Boucek. Other parasitoids collected were Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani and Exoristobia phillipinensis Ashmead. The parasitized fly hosts were Musca domestica Linn. and Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius. S. endius was the most common parasitoid attacking M. domestica at both locations. M. domestica was the most common fly found at the Sg. Pelek poultry farm whereas C. megacephala was the most numerous at the Taman Beringin landfill. During heavy rainfall month of November 2003, density of flies were high whereas the emerging parasitoids were low at both landfill and poultry farm. The present study revealed the endemic presence of parasitoids especially S. endius in both poultry farm and garbage landfill and the potential of the parasitoid species in fly control in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poultry
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