Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 214 in total

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  1. Ambak R, Mohamad Nor NS, Puteh N, Mohd Tamil A, Omar MA, Shahar S, et al.
    BMC Womens Health, 2018 07 19;18(Suppl 1):111.
    PMID: 30066637 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0591-3
    BACKGROUND: Obesity is an emerging global public health concern as it is related to chronic diseases and its impact to health related quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of weight reduction on health related quality of life (HRQOL) among obese and overweight housewives.

    METHODS: Data on 123 obese and overweight housewives in the intervention group from the MyBFF@home study were utilised. A validated Malaysian Malay version of Obesity Weight Loss Quality of Life (OWLQOL) questionnaire was administered at baseline and 6 months after intervention. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, paired t-test and multiple logistic regression were performed using SPSS Version 22.

    RESULTS: Mean body mass index (BMI) was 31.5 kg/m2 (SD:4.13), with 51 participants classified as overweight (41.5%) while 72 were obese (58.5%). About 72% of the housewives experienced weight reduction (62% reduced weight less than 5% and 11% reduced weight more than 5% of their baseline weight). There was a significant improvement in HRQOL with a pre-intervention total mean score of 59.82 (SD: 26.60) and post-intervention of 66.13 (SD: 22.82), p-value Weight loss intervention programme utilizing behavioural modification has led to a significant improvement in HRQOL among overweight and obese housewives.

    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss/physiology*
  2. Roffeei SN, Reynolds GP, Zainal NZ, Said MA, Hatim A, Aida SA, et al.
    Hum Psychopharmacol, 2014 Jan;29(1):38-45.
    PMID: 24424705 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2366
    Various genetic polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. In this study, we aimed to determine whether risk polymorphisms in 12 candidate genes are associated with reduction in body mass index (BMI) of patients following switching of antipsychotics to aripiprazole or ziprasidone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss/genetics*
  3. Budin SB, Siti Nor Ain SM, Omar B, Taib IS, Hidayatulfathi O
    J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2012 Oct;13(10):783-90.
    PMID: 23024045
    Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache, fever, and stomach ulcer, and has also been used as an insect repellent. The acute and subacute toxicities of L. elliptica essential oil were evaluated orally by gavage in female Sprague-Dawley rats. For the acute toxicity study, L. elliptica essential oil was administered in doses from 500 to 4000 mg/kg (single dose), and in the subacute toxicity test, the following doses were used: 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, for 28 consecutive days. In the acute toxicity study, L. elliptica essential oil caused dose-dependent adverse behaviours and mortality. The median lethal dose value was 3488.86 mg/kg and the acute non-observed-adversed-effect level value was found to be 500 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity study of L. elliptica essential oil did not reveal alterations in body weight, and food and water consumptions. The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences between control and treated groups in most of the parameters examined, except for the hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, serum albumin, and serum sodium. However, these differences were still within the normal range. No abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver, pancreatic islet of Langerhans, and renal glomerulous and tubular cells of all treated groups. In conclusion, L. elliptica essential oil can be classified in the U group, which is defined as a group unlikely to present an acute hazard according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss/drug effects
  4. Loh KW, Vriens MR, Gerritsen A, Borel Rinkes IH, van Hillegersberg R, Schippers C, et al.
    Neth J Med, 2012 Oct;70(8):365-9.
    PMID: 23065984
    Disease-related malnutrition is highly prevalent in hospital patients and varies from 25-40%. Early nutritional screening of patients at admission helps to improve recognition of malnourished patients to allow early interventions and enhance clinical outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss/physiology
  5. Al-Shookri A, Khor GL, Chan YM, Loke SC, Al-Maskari M
    Diabet Med, 2012 Feb;29(2):236-44.
    PMID: 21824187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03405.x
    In this randomized controlled trial we evaluated the effectiveness of medical nutritional therapy on Arab patients with Type 2 diabetes in Oman delivered by a dietitian.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss*
  6. Grube B, Chong PW, Alt F, Uebelhack R
    J Obes, 2015;2015:953138.
    PMID: 26435849 DOI: 10.1155/2015/953138
    Litramine (IQP-G-002AS) was shown to be effective and safe for weight loss in overweight and obese subjects. However, long-term effectiveness on maintenance of body weight loss has yet to be ascertained.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss/drug effects*
  7. Aminian A, Vidal J, Salminen P, Still CD, Nor Hanipah Z, Sharma G, et al.
    Diabetes Care, 2020 03;43(3):534-540.
    PMID: 31974105 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1057
    OBJECTIVE: To characterize the status of cardiometabolic risk factors after late relapse of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify factors predicting relapse after initial diabetes remission following bariatric surgery to construct prediction models for clinical practice.

    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Outcomes of 736 patients with T2DM who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at an academic center (2004-2012) and had ≥5 years' glycemic follow-up were assessed. Of 736 patients, 425 (58%) experienced diabetes remission (HbA1c <6.5% [48 mmol/mol] with patients off medications) in the 1st year after surgery. These 425 patients were followed for a median of 8 years (range 5-14) to characterize late relapse of diabetes.

    RESULTS: In 136 (32%) patients who experienced late relapse, a statistically significant improvement in glycemic control, number of diabetes medications including insulin use, blood pressure, and lipid profile was still observed at long-term. Independent baseline predictors of late relapse were preoperative number of diabetes medications, duration of T2DM before surgery, and SG versus RYGB. Furthermore, patients who relapsed lost less weight during the 1st year after surgery and regained more weight afterward. Prediction models were constructed and externally validated.

    CONCLUSIONS: While late relapse of T2DM is a real phenomenon (one-third of our cohort), it should not be considered a failure, as the trajectory of the disease and its related cardiometabolic risk factors is changed favorably after bariatric surgery. Earlier surgical intervention, RYGB (compared with SG) and more weight loss (less late weight regain) are associated with less diabetes relapse in the long-term.

    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss/physiology
  8. Nor Hanipah Z, Nasr EC, Bucak E, Schauer PR, Aminian A, Brethauer SA, et al.
    Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2018 01;14(1):93-98.
    PMID: 29287757 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.10.002
    BACKGROUND: Some patients do not achieve optimal weight loss or regain weight after bariatric surgery. In this study, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of adjuvant weight loss medications after surgery for this group of patients.

    SETTING: An academic medical center.

    METHODS: Weight changes of patients who received weight loss medications after bariatric surgery from 2012 to 2015 at a single center were studied.

    RESULTS: Weight loss medications prescribed for 209 patients were phentermine (n = 156, 74.6%), phentermine/topiramate extended release (n = 25, 12%), lorcaserin (n = 18, 8.6%), and naltrexone slow-release/bupropion slow-release (n = 10, 4.8%). Of patients, 37% lost>5% of their total weight 1 year after pharmacotherapy was prescribed. There were significant differences in weight loss at 1 year in gastric banding versus sleeve gastrectomy patients (4.6% versus .3%, P = .02) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy patients (2.8% versus .3%, P = .01).There was a significant positive correlation between body mass index at the start of adjuvant pharmacotherapy and total weight loss at 1 year (P = .025).

    CONCLUSION: Adjuvant weight loss medications halted weight regain in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. More than one third achieved>5% weight loss with the addition of weight loss medication. The observed response was significantly better in gastric bypass and gastric banding patients compared with sleeve gastrectomy patients. Furthermore, adjuvant pharmacotherapy was more effective in patients with higher body mass index. Given the low risk of medications compared with revisional surgery, it can be a reasonable option in the appropriate patients. Further studies are necessary to determine the optimal medication and timing of adjuvant pharmacotherapy after bariatric surgery.

    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss/drug effects
  9. Nor Hanipah Z, Punchai S, Karas LA, Szomstein S, Rosenthal RJ, Brethauer SA, et al.
    Obes Surg, 2018 06;28(6):1498-1503.
    PMID: 29290011 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-3020-z
    BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has been shown to be safe and effective in patients aged 60-75 years; however, outcomes in patients aged 75 or older are undocumented.

    METHODS: Patients aged 75 years and older who underwent bariatric procedures in two academic centers between 2006 and 2015 were studied.

    RESULTS: A total of 19 patients aged 75 years and above were identified. Eleven (58%) were male, the median age was 76 years old (range 75-81), and the median preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 41.4 kg/m2 (range 35.8-57.5). All of the bariatric procedures were primary procedures and performed laparoscopically: sleeve gastrectomy (SG) (n = 11, 58%), adjustable gastric band (AGB) (n = 4, 21%), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n = 2, 11%), banded gastric plication (n = 1, 5%), and gastric plication (n = 1, 5%). The median operative time was 120 min (range 75-240), and the median length of stay was 2 days (range 1-7). Three patients (16%) developed postoperative atrial fibrillation which completely resolved at discharge. At 1 year, the median percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) was 18.4% (range 7.4-22.0). The 1-year %TWL varied among the bariatric procedures performed: SG (21%), RYGB (22%), AGB (7%), and gastric plication (8%). There were no 30-day readmissions, reoperations, or mortalities.

    CONCLUSION: Our experience suggests that bariatric surgery in selected patients aged 75 years and older would be safe and effective despite being higher risk. Age alone should not be the limiting factor for selecting patients for bariatric surgery.

    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss/physiology
  10. Vanoh D, Shahar S, Mahmood NR
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2015;24(4):610-9.
    PMID: 26693745 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.4.11
    This was a cross-sectional study that investigated the relationship between nutrient intake and psychosocial factors with the overall rate of weight loss after bariatric surgery among patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Forty-three subjects (15 men and 28 women) were recruited for this study. Subjects completed assessment questionnaires including the Binge Eating Scale (BES), Beck Depression Inventory (BECK), Family Support Questionnaires, and the Index of Peer Relation (IPR). Results showed that the median overall rate of weight loss was 4.3±5.5 kg/month, which was lower when compared to the rate of weight loss at three months which was 5.0±5.6 kg/month. Pre-operative weight was the predictor of overall rate of weight loss (p<0.05, R²=0.52). Binge eating disorder (BED) and depression were also closely associated with each other after bariatric surgery (p<0.001, R²=0.46). Subjects with good compliance to dietary advice had lower scores on the binge eating scale. The mean caloric and protein intake was very low, only 562±310 kcal/day and 29.6±16.1 g/day. The intake of vitamin A, B-1, B-2, B-3, B-12, C, folate, and iron met the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). However, the RNI for calcium, zinc, selenium, vitamin D, and vitamin E was not met. In conclusion, although bariatric surgery had many health benefits, several factors hindered weight loss after bariatric surgery. Health care professionals should closely monitor patients after bariatric surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss*
  11. Murli NL, Lee TC, Beh ML
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Dec;68(6):453-8.
    PMID: 24632912 MyJurnal
    AIM: Chronic venous ulcers usually occur as an occupational hazard due to venous insufficiency with venous hypertension. Endovenous laser treatment (EVT) is used to treat varicose veins with venous ulcers and outcome including demography assessed in the different races.

    PROCEDURE: 145 lower limbs(right 39.3%, left 60.7%) with venous ulcers involving reflux of the great saphenous (132 cases) and / or small saphenous (57 cases) veins underwent EVT with 980 nm diode laser for single (123 cases) or both (11 cases) legs intervention. Supplementary procedures required multiple avulsions and / or sclerotherapy. Holistic advice of multilayered bandaging, graduated compression stockings, weight reduction and lifestyle changes enforced.

    RESULT: The average age with venous ulcers was 53.6 years.The mean BMI was 26.8 : the Chinese, Indian and Malay BMIs were 25.1, 28.1 and 31.3 respectively. Symptoms that included pain, swelling, heaviness and cramps assessed pre- and postsurgically were significantly reduced (<0.0001), using the Wilcoxan signed rank test. Of the occupations involved by race, the Chinese were mostly salespersons, Indians blue collar workers and Malays foodrelated workers. Young overweight Indians with sedentary occupations were most predisposed to venous ulcers. Gram negative organisms 63.4% and gram positive organisms 36.6% were isolated in the ulcers. Most ulcers 63.5% measured <2 cm and majority 73.8% localised in the gaiter area.

    DISCUSSION: Results of EVT in healing ulcers with no recurrences more than 2 years were successful in 89.7% (130/145). Complications included numbness foot 7.5% and DVT 1.4%. 10.3% (15 cases) had recurrence of venous ulcers within 2 years. In terms of satisfaction 32.3% experienced as very satisfied while 63.4% were satisfied and 4.3% unsatisfied. In conclusion EVT is a useful adjunct with with minimal invasion in managing venous ulcers holistically.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss
  12. Jalilavi M, Zoveidavianpoor M, Attarhamed F, Junin R, Mohsin R
    Sci Rep, 2014;4:3645.
    PMID: 24413195 DOI: 10.1038/srep03645
    Formation of carbonate minerals by CO2 sequestration is a potential means to reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions. Vast amount of alkaline and alkali earth metals exist in silicate minerals that may be carbonated. Laboratory experiments carried out to study the dissolution rate in Pahang Sandstone, Malaysia, by CO2 injection at different flow rate in surficial condition. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and weight losses measurement were performed to analyze the solid and liquid phase before and after the reaction process. The weight changes and mineral dissolution caused by CO2 injection for two hours CO2 bubbling and one week' aging were 0.28% and 18.74%, respectively. The average variation of concentrations of alkaline earth metals in solution varied from 22.62% for Ca(2+) to 17.42% for Mg(2+), with in between 16.18% observed for the alkali earth metal, potassium. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test is performed to determine significant differences of the element concentration, including Ca, Mg, and K, before and after the reaction experiment. Such changes show that the deposition of alkali and alkaline earth metals and the dissolution of required elements in sandstone samples are enhanced by CO2 injection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss
  13. Al-Adsani A, Dahniya MH, Al-Adsani N
    Postgrad Med J, 2001 Feb;77(904):127, 137-8.
    PMID: 11161092
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss
  14. Nurfarhana Rosman, Nur Syazwani Abdul Malek, Mohamad Rusop Mahmood, Zuraida Khusaimi, Noor Asnida Asli
    Science Letters, 2020;14(2):47-57.
    MyJurnal
    Effect of different storage temperatures on physical and physiological changes of Golden Lily mango was investigated. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles edible coating was prepared by sol-gel method and Golden Lily mangoes were dipped in the solution and stored at different (32℃, 27℃ and 5℃) temperatures for 7 days. The mangoes were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) after 7 days of storage. Both the analysis of FESEM and EDX revealed the highest volume ratio of ZnO nanoparticles with a homogeneous dispersion throughout the mango peel surface is at 5℃. FTIR spectra revealed the absence of Zn–O bonding as metal oxides absorption is expected to be in the region below 700 cm-1. The mangoes stored at 5℃ delayed ripening, slowed down weight loss and found to be firmer than mangoes stored at 32℃ and 27℃.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss
  15. Othman MA, Yuyama K, Murai Y, Igarashi Y, Mikami D, Sivasothy Y, et al.
    ACS Med Chem Lett, 2019 Aug 08;10(8):1154-1158.
    PMID: 31413799 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00171
    The interaction between natural occurring inhibitors and targeted membrane proteins could be an alternative medicinal strategy for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, notably, obesity. In this study, we identified malabaricones A-C and E (1-4) isolated from the fruits of Myristica cinnamomea King as natural inhibitors for sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), a membrane protein responsible for sphingolipid biosynthesis. Having the most promising inhibition, oral administration of compound 3 exhibited multiple efficacies in reducing weight gain, improving glucose tolerance, and reducing hepatic steatosis in high fat diet-induced obesity mice models. Liver lipid analysis revealed a crucial link between the SMS activities of compound 3 and its lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo. The nontoxic nature of compound 3 makes it a suitable candidate in search of drugs which can be employed in the treatment and prevention of obesity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss
  16. Wan Ahmad Kammal WS, Mohd Rose I, Md Zin RR, Raja Ali RA, Masir N
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Aug;41(2):195-199.
    PMID: 31427556
    INTRODUCTION: Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma is a rare tumour, typically involving the upper aerodigestive tract. Even rarer is primary extranasal disease involving the skin, testis, soft tissue and gastrointestinal tract.

    CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 46-year-old Chinese male who presented with six months history of abdominal pain, weight loss and rectal bleeding. Diagnostic colonoscopy revealed multiple aphthous ulcers within the ileo-caecal region and distal transverse colon, separated by normal mucosa, mimicking skip lesions of Crohn's colitis. Computer topography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed multiple circumferential thickenings involving predominantly the right colon. A clinical diagnosis of colonic Crohn's disease with possible perforation was made. An extended right hemicolectomy was performed due to uncontrolled rectal bleeding. Histopathology examination of the colon showed infiltration by malignant lymphoid cells associated with necrosis, angiocentricity and angiodestruction. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed T-cell monoclonality, presence of cytotoxic granules and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. A diagnosis of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma of the colon was made.

    DISCUSSION: These findings highlight that colonic NK/T cell lymphoma may clinically mimic other benign inflammatory lesions and should be one of the differential diagnoses in patients presenting with gastrointestinal lesions. The final diagnosis is only possible with appropriate histological and immunohistochemical studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss
  17. Sarina Md. Yusof, Maisarah Shari, Zulkifli Kadir, Aishah Adam, Teh, Lay Kek, Suhana Aiman, et al.
    Movement Health & Exercise, 2018;7(2):11-21.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Obesity is major contributor to diseases and mortality. Constant weight loss significantly reverses diseases related to obesity and helps prolong human life expectancy. To date, there has been limited scientific evidence comparing the effectiveness of the Aqua Zumba® Fitness program and conventional aqua jog among obese women. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare the effects between 12 weeks of Aqua Zumba® Fitness and aqua jog on health parameters among middle-age women. Methods: A total of sixty sedentary obese women (BMI >30 kg/m2), aged 40-59 years old were randomized to either Aqua Zumba® Fitness (AZ, n=20), aqua jog (AJ, n=20) or control group (C, n=20). Exercise groups were involved in different 12-week aqua exercise programs, 3 times per week, 60 minutes per session, with an intensity of 50-75% of maximum heart rate. Body mass (BM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference (WC), upper and lower body strength (UBS and LBS), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and flexibility were measured at baseline (week-0) and post-exercise intervention (week-13). Result: The AZ group demonstrated significant changes (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss
  18. Roszanadia Rusali, Zahara Abdul Manaf, Suzana Shahar, Fatin Hanani Mazri, Norhayati Ibrahim, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2437-2445.
    A structured weight management programme at a workplace may help in reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
    Therefore, this intervention study was to determine the effectiveness of weight loss programmes including face-to-face,
    online and control group at workplace among employees who are overweight and obese. A total of 108 overweight and
    obese adults were recruited and randomly divided into three groups (face-to-face group (FT), n=38; online group (OG),
    n=31; control group (CG), n=39). In the FT group, the participants took part in health talks, interactive activities and
    counselling; the OG group was given access to an online weight management program and the CG group was provided
    with educational booklets on weight loss. All information given was related to nutrition, physical activity and motivation
    to reduce weight. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, dietary intake,
    fasting lipid profile and glucose levels were assessed at baseline and 4 months. The FT group showed greater reduction
    in body weight (-5.80 kg) compared to OG (-1.12 kg) and CG (-1.82 kg). Significant interaction effects were found for BMI,
    WC, fasting serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (all p<0.05), with the FT
    group showing the biggest improvements, compared to the other groups. The face-to-face weight management program
    offered in the workplace showed to be the most effective at improving anthropometric profile, fasting serum triglycerides,
    HDL-C, total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, and dietary intake among overweight and obese employees.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss
  19. Tan WJ, Suz CS, Azza O, Zuki M
    Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):241-244.
    PMID: 33742636
    Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multisystem disorder. A 38 years old lady presented at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu ,Malaysia with cough and breathless for 2 months and constitutional symptoms of weight loss and loss of appetite. She was initially treated as smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis for 5 months. However, her clinical condition deteriorated with worsening New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 1 to class 3. Subsequently, workout of computed tomography( CT) thorax showed multiple perilymphatic distribution of nodules and multiple mediastinal lymphadenopathy coupled with pleura biopsy showed non caseating granuloma and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with positive late gadolinium enhancement revised the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis with cardiac involvement. Patient's functional status and cough improved with immunosuppresant was given in tapering dose fashion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss
  20. Abraham Chin Zefong, Mohammad Saffree Jeffree, Mohd Yusof Ibrahim
    MyJurnal
    Introduction:Obesity prevalence in Malaysian adults aged 18 and above has more than tripled over the past 20 years with 4.5% in 1996 to 17.7% in 2015. The alarming trend of the obesity epidemic in Malaysia requires im-mediate revision of public health policies. Thus this review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of latest weight reduction strategies. Methods: Literature search was conducted as guided by PICO Framework and using online databases PubMed on 22 June 2018. A total of 2,203 articles were found and screened. A total of 26 articles were reviewed. Results: Most weight loss achieved is through surgical intervention with weight reduction of 20.8 kg compared to 8.5 kg reduction in control group (95% CI, p < 0.001). Non-invasive procedures that produced greatest weight reduction include diet modification strategy consisting of isocaloric diet with large breakfast (700 kcal) which produced weight reduction of 8.7 ± 1.4 kg compared to large dinner (700 kcal) 3.6 ± 1.5 kg (95% CI, p < 0.0001, and special diet of adding 3g/day cumin supplementation into normal diet which produced weight reduction of 6.2 kg compared to 4.19 kg reduction in control group (95% CI, p < 0.05. Conclusion: In this review, most weight loss is achieved through surgical intervention. All patients should receive lifestyle therapy and additional consideration should be given for pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery when indicated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Loss
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