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  1. Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of the Shrimp Pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST17.P5-S1, Isolated in Peninsular Malaysia
    Devadas S, Bhassu S, Christie Soo TC, Yusoff FM, Shariff M
    Microbiol Resour Announc, 2018 Sep;7(11).
    PMID: 30533648 DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01053-18
    We sequenced the genome of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain ST17.P5-S1, isolated from Penaeus vannamei cultured in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The strain contains several antibiotic resistance genes and a plasmid encoding the Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin-like genes, pirAvp and pirBvp, associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND).
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease
  2. Fulltext Molecular Breeding Strategy and Challenges Towards Improvement of Blast Disease Resistance in Rice Crop
    Ashkani S, Rafii MY, Shabanimofrad M, Miah G, Sahebi M, Azizi P, et al.
    Front Plant Sci, 2015;6:886.
    PMID: 26635817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00886
    Rice is a staple and most important security food crop consumed by almost half of the world's population. More rice production is needed due to the rapid population growth in the world. Rice blast caused by the fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of this crop in different part of the world. Breakdown of blast resistance is the major cause of yield instability in several rice growing areas. There is a need to develop strategies providing long-lasting disease resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens, giving protection for a long time over a broad geographic area, promising for sustainable rice production in the future. So far, molecular breeding approaches involving DNA markers, such as QTL mapping, marker-aided selection, gene pyramiding, allele mining and genetic transformation have been used to develop new resistant rice cultivars. Such techniques now are used as a low-cost, high-throughput alternative to conventional methods allowing rapid introgression of disease resistance genes into susceptible varieties as well as the incorporation of multiple genes into individual lines for more durable blast resistance. The paper briefly reviewed the progress of studies on this aspect to provide the interest information for rice disease resistance breeding. This review includes examples of how advanced molecular method have been used in breeding programs for improving blast resistance. New information and knowledge gained from previous research on the recent strategy and challenges towards improvement of blast disease such as pyramiding disease resistance gene for creating new rice varieties with high resistance against multiple diseases will undoubtedly provide new insights into the rice disease control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Resistance
  3. Fulltext Microbiological and physical properties of pennywort (Centella asiatica) leaves using pulsed light technology
    Siti Zaharah, R., Noranizan, M., Son, R., Roselina, K., Yusof, N. L., Koh, P. C., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(1):16-27.
    MyJurnal
    Pennywort (Centella asiatica) is a herbaceous vegetable commonly consumed raw as ‘ulam’ or salad. Consumption of raw leafy green vegetables is one of the pathogenic mechanisms that could cause foodborne outbreaks. The aim of the present work was therefore to investigate the effect of pulsed light (PL) treatment at fluences of 1.5, 4.2, 6.9, 9.6, and 12.3 J/cm² on the microbiological and physical quality of pennywort stored at 4 ± 1°C. Escherichia coli (E. coli) were inoculated onto the pennywort leaves before being exposed to PL and viewed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PL fluences of 6.9, 9.6, and 12.3 J/cm² significantly reduced the microbial count; however, the highest inactivation was obtained by using fluences of 9.6 and 12.3 J/cm². The color of pennywort was not significantly affected by PL treatment applied at lower fluences of 1.5, 4.2, and 6.9 J/cm²; however, at higher fluence, 9.6 and 12.3 J/cm², the color was affected. PL at 1.5, 4.2, 6.9, and 9.6 J/cm² was able to retain the texture appearance of the leaves. To conclude, PL at 6.9 J/cm² showed the best fluence to reduce total aerobic mesophilic count while retaining the physical properties of pennywort leaves and extend the shelf life to about four days. The inactivation of E. coli population was significantly higher at PL fluence of 6.9 J/cm². It was observed that PL caused the destruction to the surface of E. coli’s cell membrane. The reductions of samples inoculated with E. coli were better than those achieved in native microbiota. Furthermore, the present work also demonstrated that PL treatment was able to reduce the microbial count on pennywort leaves.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  4. Fulltext Prediction of hub genes of Alzheimer's disease using a protein interaction network and functional enrichment analysis
    Wee JJ, Kumar S
    Genomics Inform, 2020 Dec;18(4):e39.
    PMID: 33412755 DOI: 10.5808/GI.2020.18.4.e39
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys affected individuals' memory and reasoning faculties, and consequently, their ability to perform the simplest tasks. This study investigated the hub genes of AD. Proteins interact with other proteins and non-protein molecules, and these interactions play an important role in understanding protein function. Computational methods are useful for understanding biological problems, in particular, network analyses of protein-protein interactions. Through a protein network analysis, we identified the following top 10 hub genes associated with AD: PTGER3, C3AR1, NPY, ADCY2, CXCL12, CCR5, MTNR1A, CNR2, GRM2, and CXCL8. Through gene enrichment, it was identified that most gene functions could be classified as integral to the plasma membrane, G-protein coupled receptor activity, and cell communication under gene ontology, as well as involvement in signal transduction pathways. Based on the convergent functional genomics ranking, the prioritized genes were NPY, CXCL12, CCR5, and CNR2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease
  5. Fulltext Content analysis of mobile health applications on diabetes mellitus
    Izahar S, Lean QY, Hameed MA, Murugiah MK, Patel RP, Al-Worafi YM, et al.
    Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2017;8:318.
    PMID: 29230195 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00318
    Diabetes self-management offers an opportunity to patients to be actively involved in managing their conditions and modifying lifestyle behaviors to attain positive health outcomes. With the unprecedented growth of mobile technology, smartphone plays a role in supporting diabetes self-management. Nonetheless, selecting appropriate mobile applications (apps) is challenging for patients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the contents and features of mobile medical apps for diabetes self-management. Of 346 commercial apps, 16 (16%) and 19 (7.72%) of the diabetes apps found in Apple and Google Play stores, respectively, were included based on the selection criteria and individually scored for the availability of 8 main features of diabetes self-management. The apps supported self-management by offering features such as free installation, less than 50 MB space used, offline use, automated data entry, data export and sharing, educational tool, and advice. Of the 8 evaluated features, only 11 (31.4%) apps had a score of 5 whereas 7 (20%) apps scored the lowest, with a score of 3. The majority of apps were free, required no Internet connectivity to use and were less than 50 MB in size. Our findings showed that the design of diabetes mobile apps focused on reporting and setting reminders, rather than providing personalized education or therapeutic support. In the future, the design of apps could be improved to integrate patients' needs, usability for disease management, and lifestyle modifications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management
  6. Fulltext Effect of overripe banana pulp incorporation on nutritional composition, physical properties, and sensory acceptability of chocolate cookies
    Ng, Y. V., Tengku Alina, T. I., Wan Rosli, W. I.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(2):252-260.
    MyJurnal
    The intake of dietary fibre (DF) has been proven to lower the risk of chronic diseases, leading to the increasing demand for fibre-enriched bakery product. Banana is one of the most consumed fruits that exhibits rich sources of DF and provides excellent nutritional health benefits. However, overripe banana is discarded due to its low quality and appearance. Thus, the present work was aimed to determine the properties of chocolate cookies formulated with overripe banana pulp powder (OBPP) as partial replacement (0, 6, 8, and 10%) for wheat flour. Nutritional composition, physical properties, and sensory acceptability of the cookies were analysed using AOAC methods, texture profile analyser, and 7-point hedonic scaling method, respectively. Results showed that increased incorporation of OBPP significantly increased the nutritional values of chocolate cookies. Chocolate cookies formulated with 10% of OBPP recorded the highest total dietary fibre (8.21%) and ash (1.23%) contents. In texture profile analysis, the firmness of the chocolate cookies was recorded to increase slightly with increasing level of OBPP, although this was not significant. Sensory scores for the control (0%) and 6% OBPP-incorporated cookies were not significantly different for all the sensory attributes. However, the incorporation of 8% OBPP produced the highest scores in terms of aroma, flavour, and overall acceptance. In summary, the addition of 8% OBPP could be an effective way to produce nutritious and the most palatable chocolate cookies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  7. Pathophysiology of chronic urticaria
    Greaves MW
    Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 2002 Jan;127(1):3-9.
    PMID: 11893848 DOI: 10.1159/000048163
    Chronic urticaria includes several different subsets with distinct pathophysiologies, and with important implications for investigation and treatment. Chronic 'idiopathic' urticaria represents a special challenge, which, until recently, was not taken up by dermatological or immunological investigators. However, it has now emerged that at least 30% of patients possess histamine-releasing autoantibodies against Fc epsilon R1, or less commonly IgE itself. These autoantibodies are causative. Recent work implicates complement activation in most cases. Functional (i.e. histamine releasing) autoantibodies are specific to chronic urticaria. However, immunoreactive (non-histamine-releasing) anti-Fc epsilon R1 autoantibodies can be found in sera of patients with physical urticarias and with autoimmune connective tissue and bullous diseases. The reason for the occurrence of this disease type in some individuals but not others is unclear. One possibility is the development, in genetically predisposed persons, of autoantibodies by molecular mimicry - perhaps against lipopolysaccharide of Helicobacter pylori, an organism frequently infecting the upper gastrointestinal tract of chronic urticaria patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  8. Fulltext Mitigation measures during elections and it’s impacts on COVID-19 Pandemic: Sabah State (Malaysia), New Zealand and the United States
    Syaza Zainudin, Mohd Amiruddin Mohd Kassim, Nor Nadia Mohamad Ridza
    Borneo Epidemiology Journal, 2020;1(2):145-156.
    MyJurnal
    Background and Objective: Countries all over the world respect the election process as one of the fundamental steps in forming a government. However, the exponential spread of COVID-19 has been deeply alarming, with a high number of positive cases and total deaths, forcing World Health Organization to declare it as a pandemic on 11thMarch 2020. During these unprecedented events, governments have had a tough decision to balance between the constitutional obligation to hold an election and the safety of the people. As such, electoral commissions have implemented numerous approaches to allow election to proceed in a safe and controlled setting during the pandemic.
    Methods: The preventative measures and standard operating procedures in the Sabah state of Malaysia, NewZealand and the United States elections are discussed, as well as COVID-19 post-election situation in respective countries. Innovative approaches and election flexibilities shall be considered to allow voting in the safest way possible, following the new normal.
    Discussion:Nevertheless, countries need to evaluate its strength of public health response when deciding to hold elections due to potential devastating outbreaks following elections despite measures taken.
    Conclusion: The election is a fundamental process in a democracy. Countries are required to be flexible and innovative in their approach to hold a safe election. Nevertheless, it may be prudent for countries with fewer resources and poor pandemic control to postpone election as a rise in cases will be catastrophic, putting many lives at risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  9. Detection of periodontal microorganisms in coronary atheromatous plaque specimens of myocardial infarction patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Joshi C, Bapat R, Anderson W, Dawson D, Hijazi K, Cherukara G
    Trends Cardiovasc Med, 2021 01;31(1):69-82.
    PMID: 31983534 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.12.005
    BACKGROUND: Microbial translocation from inflamed periodontal pockets into coronary atheroma via systemic circulation is one of the proposed pathways that links periodontitis and myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the reported prevalence of periodontal microorganisms in coronary atheroma and/or aspirated clot samples collected from MI patients with periodontal disease.

    METHODOLOGY: The "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Six databases were systematically searched using Medical Subject Headings/Index and Entree terms. After a thorough screening, fourteen publications spanning over ten years (2007-2017) were eligible for this systematic review and meta-analysis.

    RESULTS: Out of 14 included studies, 12 reported presence of periodontal bacterial DNA in coronary atherosclerotic plaque specimens. Overall, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were the most frequently detected periodontal bacterial species. Meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of P. gingivalis was significantly higher than A. actinomycetemcomitans in coronary atheromatous plaque samples. Apart from periodontal microbes, DNA from a variety of other microbes e.g. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptococcus species, Chlamydia pneumoniae were also recovered from the collected samples.

    CONCLUSION: Consistent detection of periodontal bacterial DNA in coronary atheroma suggests their systemic dissemination from periodontal sites. It should further be investigated whether they are merely bystanders or induce any structural changes within coronary arterial walls.

    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease/microbiology*; Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology; Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
  10. Increased Chitotriosidase Is Associated With Aspergillus and Frequent Exacerbations in South-East Asian Patients With Bronchiectasis
    Poh TY, Tiew PY, Lim AYH, Thng KX, Binte Mohamed Ali NA, Narayana JK, et al.
    Chest, 2020 08;158(2):512-522.
    PMID: 32184111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.048
    BACKGROUND: Chitinase activity is an important innate immune defence mechanism against infection that includes fungi. The 2 human chitinases: chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acidic mammalian chitinase are associated to allergy, asthma, and COPD; however, their role in bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis-COPD overlap (BCO) is unknown.

    RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the association between chitinase activity, airway fungi and clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis-COPD overlap?

    STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective cohort of 463 individuals were recruited across five hospital sites in three countries (Singapore, Malaysia, and Scotland) including individuals who were not diseased (n = 35) and who had severe asthma (n = 54), COPD (n = 90), bronchiectasis (n = 241) and BCO (n = 43). Systemic chitinase levels were assessed for bronchiectasis and BCO and related to clinical outcomes, airway Aspergillus status, and underlying pulmonary mycobiome profiles.

    RESULTS: Systemic chitinase activity is elevated significantly in bronchiectasis and BCO and exceed the activity in other airway diseases. CHIT1 activity strongly predicts bronchiectasis exacerbations and is associated with the presence of at least one Aspergillus species in the airway and frequent exacerbations (≥3 exacerbations/y). Subgroup analysis reveals an association between CHIT1 activity and the "frequent exacerbator" phenotype in South-East Asian patients whose airway mycobiome profiles indicate the presence of novel fungal taxa that include Macroventuria, Curvularia and Sarocladium. These taxa, enriched in frequently exacerbating South-East Asian patients with high CHIT1 may have potential roles in bronchiectasis exacerbations.

    INTERPRETATION: Systemic CHIT1 activity may represent a useful clinical tool for the identification of fungal-driven "frequent exacerbators" with bronchiectasis in South-East Asian populations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/blood; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/ethnology
  11. Meeting the challenge of epidemic infectious disease outbreaks: an agenda for research
    Phua KL, Lee LK
    J Public Health Policy, 2005 Apr;26(1):122-32.
    PMID: 15906881
    Challenges arising from epidemic infectious disease outbreaks can be more effectively met if traditional public health is enhanced by sociology. The focus is normally on biomedical aspects, the surveillance and sentinel systems for infectious diseases, and what needs to be done to bring outbreaks under control quickly. Social factors associated with infectious disease outbreaks are often neglected and the aftermath is ignored. These factors can affect outbreak severity, its rate and extent of spread, influencing the welfare of victims, their families, and their communities. We propose an agenda for research to meet the challenges of infectious disease outbreaks. What social factors led to the outbreak? What social factors affected its severity and rate and extent of spread? How did individuals, social groups, and the state react to it? What are the short- and long-term effects on individuals, social groups, and the larger society? What programs can be put in place to help victims, their families, and affected communities to cope with the consequences--impaired mental and physical health, economic losses, and disrupted communities? Although current research on infectious disease outbreaks pays attention to social factors related to causation, severity, rate and extent of spread, those dealing with the "social chaos" arising from outbreaks are usually neglected. Inclusion, by combining traditional public health with sociological analysis, will enrich public health theory and understanding of infectious disease outbreaks. Our approach will help develop better programs to combat outbreaks and equally important, to help survivors, their families, and their communities cope better with the aftermath.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control*; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control*
  12. Associations between primary aldosteronism and diabetes, poor bone health, and sleep apnea-what do we know so far?
    Loh HH, Sukor N
    J Hum Hypertens, 2020 01;34(1):5-15.
    PMID: 31822780 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0294-8
    Primary aldosteronism (PA), the most common cause of secondary hypertension, is a well-recognized condition that can lead to cardiovascular and renal complications. PA is frequently left undiagnosed and untreated, leading to aldosterone-specific morbidity and mortality. In this review we highlight the evidence linking PA with other conditions such as (i) diabetes mellitus, (ii) obstructive sleep apnea, and (iii) bone health, along with clinical implications and proposed underlying mechanisms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management
  13. Fulltext Classification of community-acquired outbreaks for the global transmission of COVID-19: Machine learning and statistical model analysis
    Wang WC, Lin TY, Chiu SY, Chen CN, Sarakarn P, Ibrahim M, et al.
    J Formos Med Assoc, 2021 Jun;120 Suppl 1:S26-S37.
    PMID: 34083090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.05.010
    BACKGROUND: As Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to the unprecedent large-scale repeated surges of epidemics worldwide since the end of 2019, data-driven analysis to look into the duration and case load of each episode of outbreak worldwide has been motivated.

    METHODS: Using open data repository with daily infected, recovered and death cases in the period between March 2020 and April 2021, a descriptive analysis was performed. The susceptible-exposed-infected-recovery model was used to estimate the effective productive number (Rt). The duration taken from Rt > 1 to Rt 

    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  14. Fulltext Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with COVID-19 in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Ng DC, Tan KK, Chin L, Ali MM, Lee ML, Mahmood FM, et al.
    Int J Infect Dis, 2021 Jul;108:347-352.
    PMID: 34087485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.073
    OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia in the setting of mandatory hospital isolation and quarantine for all confirmed cases.

    METHODS: A multi-centre, retrospective observational study was performed among children aged ≤12 years with laboratory-proven COVID-19 between 1 February and 31 December 2020.

    RESULTS: In total, 261 children (48.7% males, 51.3% females) were included in this study. The median age was 6 years [interquartile range (IQR) 3-10 years]. One hundred and fifty-one children (57.9%) were asymptomatic on presentation. Among the symptomatic cases, fever was the most common presenting symptom. Two hundred and forty-one (92.3%) cases were close contacts of infected household or extended family members. Twenty-one (8.4%) cases had abnormal radiological findings. All cases were discharged alive without requiring supplemental oxygen therapy or any specific treatment during hospitalization. The median duration of hospitalization was 7 days (IQR 6-10 days). One (2.1%) of the uninfected guardians accompanying a child in quarantine tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) upon discharge.

    CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 in children was associated with mild symptoms and a good prognosis. Familial clustering was an important epidemiologic feature in the outbreak in Negeri Sembilan. The risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from children to guardians in hospital isolation was minimal despite close proximity.

    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  15. Characteristics and clinical applications of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
    Liau LL, Ruszymah BHI, Ng MH, Law JX
    Curr Res Transl Med, 2020 01;68(1):5-16.
    PMID: 31543433 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2019.09.001
    Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in the clinic because they involve fewer ethical issues and safety concerns compared to other stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). MSCs derived from umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs) have excellent proliferative potential and a faster growth rate and can retain their multipotency for more passages in vitro compared to adult MSCs from bone marrow or adipose tissue. WJ-MSCs are used clinically for repairing tissue injuries of the spinal cord, liver and heart with the aim of regenerating tissue. On the other hand, WJ-MSCs are also used clinically to ameliorate immune-mediated diseases based on their ability to modulate immune responses. In the field of tissue engineering, WJ-MSCs capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages have been used to produce a variety of engineered tissues in vitro that can then be transplanted in vivo. This review discusses the characteristics of WJ-MSCs, the differences between WJ-MSCs and adult MSCs, clinical studies involving WJ-MSCs and future perspectives of WJ-MSC research and clinical applications. To summarize, WJ-MSCs have shown promise in treating a variety of diseases clinically. However, most clinical trials/studies reported thus far are relatively smaller in scale. The collected evidence is insufficient to support the routine use of WJ-MSC therapy in the clinic. Thus, rigorous clinical trials are needed in the future to obtain more information on WJ-MSC therapy safety and efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease/therapy; Graft vs Host Disease/therapy
  16. Lessons learned from Asian H5N1 outbreak control
    Sims LD
    Avian Dis, 2007 Mar;51(1 Suppl):174-81.
    PMID: 17494550
    Numerous lessons have been learned so far in controlling H5N1 avian influenza in Asia. Early detection of incursions of virus prevented establishment of the disease in several countries, notably Japan, South Korea, and Malaysia. In countries where detection of early cases was delayed, infection is endemic and has been for three or more years. Control measures implemented in these countries need to reflect this finding. Vaccination will continue to be one of the key measures used in these endemically infected countries. Used alone, vaccination will not result in elimination of H5N1 viruses from a country, but, if used correctly, it will markedly reduce the prevalence of and susceptibility to infection. Vaccination has already played a valuable role in reducing the adverse effects of H5N1 viruses. Mass culling also reduces the level of infection in infected areas. However, the long-term benefits are limited in endemically infected countries owing to the high probability of reinfection on restocking unless other measures are used in parallel. Full epidemiological studies have not been conducted in many infected countries. Nevertheless, it is recognized that the number of clinical cases does not truly reflect the levels of infection. Domestic ducks and large live poultry markets have played a key role in the persistence of infection, because they can be infected silently. In tackling this disease, countries should adopt integrated control programs using the combination of measures best suited to the local environment. All surveillance data should be shared, both positive and negative, and should include information on cases of infection and disease. Socioeconomic and ecological implications of all control measures should be assessed before implementation, especially the impact on the rural poor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/methods*; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary*
  17. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) signaling and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: Potential clinical and therapeutic implications
    Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Shaikh MF, Piperi C
    Pharmacol Res, 2020 08;158:104930.
    PMID: 32445958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104930
    Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) with the dysregulation of microglial activity being tightly linked to dopaminergic degeneration. Fractalkine (CX3CL1), a chemokine mainly expressed by neurons, can modulate microglial activity through binding to its sole G-protein-coupled receptor (CX3CR1), expressed by microglia. Fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling is one of the most important mediators of the communication between neurons and microglia, and its emerging role in neurodegenerative disorders including PD has been increasingly recognized. Pre-clinical evidence has revealed that fractalkine signaling axis exerts dual effects on PD-related inflammation and degeneration, which greatly depend on the isoform type (soluble or membrane-bound), animal model (mice or rats, toxin- or proteinopathy-induced), route of toxin administration, time course and specific brain region (striatum, substantia nigra). Furthermore, although existing clinical evidence is scant, it has been indicated that fractalkine may be possibly associated with PD progression, paving the way for future studies investigating its biomarker potential. In this review, we discuss recent evidence on the role of fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling axis in PD pathogenesis, aiming to shed more light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroinflammation commonly associated with the disease, as well as potential clinical and therapeutic implications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/drug therapy*; Parkinson Disease/genetics; Parkinson Disease/metabolism*
  18. Advancement in biosensor: "Telediagnosis" and "remote digital imaging"
    Gopinath SCB, Ismail ZH, Shapiai MI, Yasin MNM
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2021 May 19.
    PMID: 34009645 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2196
    Current developments in sensors and actuators are heralding a new era to facilitate things to happen effortlessly and efficiently with proper communication. On the other hand, Internet of Things (IoT) has been boomed up with er potential and occupies a wide range of disciplines. This study has choreographed to design of an algorithm and a smart data-processing scheme to implement the obtained data from the sensing system to transmit to the receivers. Technically, it is called "telediagnosis" and "remote digital monitoring," a revolution in the field of medicine and artificial intelligence. For the proof of concept, an algorithmic approach has been implemented for telediagnosis with one of the degenerative diseases, that is, Parkinson's disease. Using the data acquired from an improved interdigitated electrode, sensing surface was evaluated with the attained sensitivity of 100 fM (n = 3), and the limit of detection was calculated with the linear regression value coefficient. By the designed algorithm and data processing with the assistance of IoT, further validation was performed and attested the coordination. This proven concept can be ideally used with all sensing strategies for immediate telemedicine by end-to-end communications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease
  19. Fulltext A non-surgical management of delayed diagnosis of an oesophageal perforation due to ingestion of okra: a case report
    Rosmadi Ismail, Ummi Affah Mahamad, Abdul Aziz Marwan
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(108):87-89.
    MyJurnal
    Oesophageal perforation is a not uncommon condition, yet it carries a high mortality rate and has been observed as the most grievous trauma to the digestive tract. Common causes include iatrogenic instrumentation, foreign-body swallowing, and physical injury. This report highlighted a case of oesophageal perforation complicated by formation of proximal descending aorta pseudoaneurysm as a result of okra ingestion. The patient was successfully treated with conservative treatment. The possible mechanism of oesophageal rupture, diagnosis, treatment, and other complica- tion will be further discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iatrogenic Disease
  20. Fulltext Occurrences of vibrio parahaemolyticus in retailed freshwater fish
    Jesmie, Babai, Rosdi, Kira, Fazia, Mohd Sinang, Lesley Maurice, Bilung
    Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2020;3(1):1-4.
    MyJurnal
    Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a causative agent of foodborne outbreaks associated with the consumption of raw or under-cooked seafood. This study aimed to quantify and detect the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in freshwater fish by performing Most Probable Number (MPN) method in combination with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In this study, a total of 20 red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) were collected from nearby local wet markets. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay targeting the toxR gene in V. parahaemolyticus was performed, with the expected DNA amplification size of 368 bp. MPN analysis showed that the estimated microbial load of V. parahaemolyticus were more than 1100 MPN/g. The result of the PCR assay confirmed the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in 90% of the isolates. This positive detection elucidated the presence of food-borne bacteria in freshwater fish from local wet-market which may affect not only the health of fish stocks but also raise public health concerns.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
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