Displaying publications 1401 - 1420 of 25045 in total

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  1. Age-related rarefaction in retinal vasculature is not linear
    Che Azemin MZ, Ab Hamid F, Aminuddin A, Wang JJ, Kawasaki R, Kumar DK
    Exp Eye Res, 2013 Nov;116:355-358.
    PMID: 24512773 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.10.010
    The fractal dimension is a global measure of complexity and is useful for quantifying anatomical structures, including the retinal vascular network. A previous study found a linear declining trend with aging on the retinal vascular fractal dimension (DF); however, it was limited to the older population (49 years and older). This study aimed to investigate the possible models of the fractal dimension changes from young to old subjects (10-73 years). A total of 215 right-eye retinal samples, including those of 119 (55%) women and 96 (45%) men, were selected. The retinal vessels were segmented using computer-assisted software, and non-vessel fragments were deleted. The fractal dimension was measured based on the log-log plot of the number of grids versus the size. The retinal vascular DF was analyzed to determine changes with increasing age. Finally, the data were fitted to three polynomial models. All three models are statistically significant (Linear: R2 = 0.1270, 213 d.f., p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  2. Cigarette smoking and the influencing factors among adolescents in a secondary school in Malaysia
    Santhna LP, Khalid Z, Selamat S, Ho SE, Mat S
    Clin Ter, 2013;164(6):507-12.
    PMID: 24424214 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1628
    BACKGROUND: Smoking has always been a huge problem in Malaysia and its surrounding nations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and to identify the influencing factors associated with smoking habits among adolescents.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 226 respondents, using a questionnaire which had 4 sections: socio-demographic data, personal information, family information and social information. Data was analyzed using SPSS® version 16. For categorical variables, comparisons were made using Chi-square and for numerical variables a t-test was performed.

    RESULTS: The current smoker prevalence rate was 20.8% which showed a significant association between smoking and individual factors: level of knowledge on the effects of smoking (p < 0.05), significant association was seen between smoking and marital status of parents, smoking status of male siblings and various other aspects of the individuals themselves.

    CONCLUSIONS: Concerted efforts involving various parties should be taken to curb or prevent this problem or the number of teenage smokers in the country will increase. This in the long run will invite problems to the well being of the adolescents themselves, their families, community and the nation as a whole.

    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  3. Olfactory dysfunction in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
    Khoo KF, Kunte H
    Neurology, 2014 Jan 14;82(2):189.
    PMID: 24419980 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000442872.80558.6c
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  4. Response: importance of screening for macroprolactin in hyperprolactinaemic sera
    Jamaluddin FA
    Malays J Pathol, 2013 Dec;35(2):190.
    PMID: 24362487
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  5. Reliability and validity of the Malay version of Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men (MVATL/MVATG): a study on a group of medical students in Malaysia
    Ng CG, Tan LK, Gill JS, Koh OH, Jambunathan S, Pillai SK, et al.
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2013 Apr;5 Suppl 1:118-22.
    PMID: 23857847 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12056
    INTRODUCTION: This study aims to examine the validity and reliability of the Malay version of Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men (MVATL/MVATG) among a group of medical students in Malaysia.
    METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study of 173 medical students in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The participants were given the MVATL/MVATG, Index of Attitudes toward Homosexuals (IATH), Homosexuality Attitude Scale (HAS) and the English version of Attitude toward Lesbians and Gay Men. Two weeks later, these students were given the MVATLG again.
    RESULTS: Significant correlation was found between the individual scores of MVATL and MVATG with IATH and HAS in the results. The scale was able to differentiate Muslim and Non-Muslim subjects. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of both the MVATL and MVATG were good, at 0.76 and 0.82, respectively. The parallel form reliability (Pearson's correlation) of MVATL was 0.0.73 and 0.74 for MVATG. The test-retest reliability of MVATL/MVATG was good (Intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.67 for MVATL and 0.60 for MVATG).
    DISCUSSION: The MVATLG demonstrated good psychometric properties in measuring attitudes toward homosexuality among a group of medical students in Malaysia and it could be used as a simple instrument on young educated Malaysian adults.
    KEYWORDS: Malaysia; attitude; gay men; homosexuality; lesbians; validation
    Matched MeSH terms: Female; Homosexuality, Female/psychology*; Homosexuality, Female/statistics & numerical data
  6. Fulltext Colonized Aedes albopictus and its sexual performance in the wild: implications for SIT technology and containment
    Hamady D, Ruslan NB, Ahmad AH, Rawi CS, Ahmad H, Satho T, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2013;6:206.
    PMID: 23856274 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-206
    Mating is a physiological process of crucial importance underlying the size and maintenance of mosquito populations. In sterile and incompatible insect technologies (SIT and IIT), mating is essential for mass production, persistence, and success of released individuals, and is a central parameter for judging the effectiveness of SIT/IIT programs. Some mosquitoes have an enormous reproductive potential for both themselves and pathogens and mating may contribute to persistence of infection in nature. As Aedes albopictus can transmit flaviviruses both sexually and horizontally, and as infected insects are usually derived from laboratory colonies, we investigated the implications of mating between a long-term laboratory colony of Ae. albopictus and wild populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  7. Re: Improved diagnostic accuracy in differentiating malignant and benign lesions using single-voxel proton MRS of the breast at 3 T MRI. A reply
    Suppiah S, Rahmat K, Rozalli FI, Azlan CA
    Clin Radiol, 2014 Feb;69(2):e110-1.
    PMID: 24183264 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.09.012
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  8. Through-knee amputation for a patient with proximal femur focal deficiency and tibial hemimelia: surgical anatomy and clinical implications
    Lloyd S, Rashid AH, Das S, Ibrahim S
    Anat Sci Int, 2014 Mar;89(2):122-5.
    PMID: 24158808 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-013-0211-0
    Tibial hemimelia is a rare anomaly of unknown etiology. This condition can occur sporadically or may have a familial inheritance. It is characterized by deficiency of the tibia with a relatively intact fibula. The anomaly may be unilateral or bilateral. We report a case of a 2-year-old girl who presented with right lower limb deformity since birth. She was diagnosed with proximal femur focal deficiency with absence of the ipsilateral tibia. She presented with a shorter right lower limb and a deformed foot. She was treated with a through-knee amputation. Anatomical dissection of the amputated limb was carried out to verify the anomalies. The dissection showed that the distal phalanx of the great toe was trifid. The anatomical and clinical significance of this interesting case is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  9. Fulltext Perinatal management of cardiac tumors: a case series
    Amelia A, Mohd Nizam MB
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Aug;68(4):374-5.
    PMID: 24145275 MyJurnal
    Primary cardiac tumours in the foetuses and neonates are uncommon. Foetuses with cardiac tumour have risk for heart failure and hydrops fetalis. Therefore, an early decision for delivery should be made in the evidence of foetal compromise. Early neonatal care varies on tumour size, type, location and obstructive features. Antenatal detection of foetal cardiac tumours ensures better prenatal and postnatal management. We describe our 5- year experience in managing 5 cases of primary cardiac tumours from 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2010.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  10. Intrarater test-retest reliability of static and dynamic stability indexes measurement using the Biodex Stability System during unilateral stance
    Arifin N, Abu Osman NA, Wan Abas WA
    J Appl Biomech, 2014 Apr;30(2):300-4.
    PMID: 23878204 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2013-0130
    The measurements of postural balance often involve measurement error, which affects the analysis and interpretation of the outcomes. In most of the existing clinical rehabilitation research, the ability to produce reliable measures is a prerequisite for an accurate assessment of an intervention after a period of time. Although clinical balance assessment has been performed in previous study, none has determined the intrarater test-retest reliability of static and dynamic stability indexes during dominant single stance. In this study, one rater examined 20 healthy university students (female=12, male=8) in two sessions separated by 7 day intervals. Three stability indexes--the overall stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), and medial/ lateral stability index (MLSI) in static and dynamic conditions--were measured during single dominant stance. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error measurement (SEM) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Test-retest ICCs for OSI, APSI, and MLSI were 0.85, 0.78, and 0.84 during static condition and were 0.77, 0.77, and 0.65 during dynamic condition, respectively. We concluded that the postural stability assessment using Biodex stability system demonstrates good-to-excellent test-retest reliability over a 1 week time interval.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  11. Fulltext Genetic and environmental effects on age at menarche, and its relationship with reproductive health in twins
    Jahanfar S, Lye MS, Krishnarajah IS
    Indian J Hum Genet, 2013 Apr;19(2):245-50.
    PMID: 24019629 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.116127
    INTRODUCTION: Menarche or first menstrual period is a landmark in reproductive life span and it is the most prominent change of puberty. The timing of menarche can be under the influence of genes as well as individual environmental factors interacting with genetic factors.

    OBJECTIVE: Our study objectives were (a) to investigate the heritability of age of menarche in twins, (b) to obtain the association between age of menarche and childhood factors, and reproductive events/behavior, (c) to examine whether or not having a male co-twin affects early/late menarche.

    METHODOLOGY: A group of female-female identical (n = 108, 54 pairs), non-identical twins (n = 68, 34 pairs) and 17 females from opposite-sex twin sets were identified from twin registries of Malaysia and Iran. Genetic analysis was performed via two methods of Falconers' formula and maximum likelihood.

    RESULTS: Heritability was found to be 66% using Falconers' formula and 15% using univariate twin analysis. Model analysis revealed that shared environmental factors have a major contribution in determining the age of menarche (82%) followed by non-shared environment (18%).

    DISCUSSION: Result of this study is consistent with that of the literature. Timing of menarche could be under the influence of shared and non-shared environmental effects. Hirsutism was found to have a higher frequency among subjects with late menarche. There was no significant difference in age of menarche between females of opposite-sex twins and females of same-sex twins.

    CONCLUSION: It is concluded that twin models provide a powerful means of examining the total genetic contribution to age of menarche. Longitudinal studies of twins may clarify the type of environmental effects that determine the age of menarche.

    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  12. Feasibility of successful pregnancies in women with spinal injury
    Nor Azlin MI, Abd Rahman R, Abdul Karim AK, Sulaiman AS, Mahdy ZA
    J Obstet Gynaecol, 2013 Aug;33(6):631-2.
    PMID: 23919870 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.807781
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  13. Fulltext Bone Mineral Density Assessment in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Comparison Between T-Scores by Heel QUS and DXA in HRPZII
    Zaini WM, Md Ariff A
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Oct;67(5):487-90.
    PMID: 23770864 MyJurnal
    This short-term study which was carried out in a small group of pre- and postmenopausal women at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZII) aims to compare between Tscores detected by heel Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) and by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and spine. The prevalence of osteoporosis by heel QUS was 63.3% and up to 16.7% by DXA. Insufficient or weak agreement exists between T-score measurements by heel QUS and axial DXA. Significant correlations were found between measurements of T-scores by both methods, with r values from 0.364 to 0.91. Although some correlation was found, significant discrepancy in the frequency of osteoporosis using different methods and sites is substantial.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  14. Fulltext HIV incidence in Asia: a review of available data and assessment of the epidemic
    Dokubo EK, Kim AA, Le LV, Nadol PJ, Prybylski D, Wolfe MI
    AIDS Rev, 2013 Apr-Jun;15(2):67-76.
    PMID: 23681434
    Rates of new HIV infections in Asia are poorly characterized, likely resulting in knowledge gaps about infection trends and the most important areas to target for interventions. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed English language publications and conference abstracts on HIV incidence in thirteen countries - Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. We obtained data on HIV incidence rate, incidence estimation method, population, and risk factors for incident infection. Our search yielded 338 unique incidence estimates from 70 published articles and 41 conference abstracts for eight countries. A total of 138 (41%) were obtained from prospective cohort studies and 106 (31%) were from antibody-based tests for recent infection. High HIV incidence rates were observed among commercial sex workers (0.4-27.8 per 100 person-years), people who inject drugs (0.0-43.6 per 100 person-years) and men who have sex with men (0.7-15.0 per 100 person-years). Risk factors for incident HIV infection include brothel-based sex work and cervicitis among commercial sex workers; young age, frequent injection use and sharing needles or syringes among people who inject drugs; multiple male sexual partners, receptive anal intercourse and syphilis infection among men who have sex with men. In the countries with available data, incidence rates were highest in key populations and varied widely by incidence estimation method. Established surveillance systems that routinely monitor trends in HIV incidence are needed to inform prevention planning, prioritize resources, measure impact, and improve the HIV response in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  15. Fulltext Herbal Ingestion During Pregnancy and Post-Partum Period is A Cause For Concern
    Teoh CS, Aizul MHI, Wan Fatimah Suriyani WM, Ang SH, Nurul Huda MZ, Nor Azlini MI, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):157-60.
    PMID: 23629564 MyJurnal
    The potential harms of herbs to the pregnant mothers and their foetuses as well as the effect of herbs taken by nursing mothers on their babies remain largely unknown. Common perception is that herbal medicines ingestion during pregnancy and confinement period is a common practice among multi-racial Malaysian mothers. The purpose of this study was to explore the usage of herbal medicines during pregnancy and post-partum period among mothers who gave birth at a tertiary hospital in a metropolitan city of Malaysia. This cross sectional study was conducted between October and December 2010. The subjects were interviewed twice after giving birth: before hospital discharge and 6 to 8 weeks later. A total of 323 mothers were recruited for this study. The prevalence of herbs ingestion during pregnancy was 13.9%, with half of the users consuming it during the first trimester. A total of 163 (52.9%) mothers ingested herbs during the post-partum period. Significantly more Chinese (p=0.01) and Malay (p=0.04) mothers ingested herbs during pregnancy and post-partum period, respectively. Infants of mothers who ingested herbs had a higher rate of neonatal jaundice compared to infants of mothers who did not ingest herbs during the post-partum period (P=0.001).
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  16. Fulltext Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as an oral lesion
    George KT, Anand R, Ganasalingam S, Zain RB
    J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 2013 Jan;17(1):106-9.
    PMID: 23798841 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029X.110694
    Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative disorder in which the pathologic Langerhans cells infiltrate and destroy the tissues. Patients with LCH present varied clinical manifestations. Cutaneous lesions in LCH manifest as vesiculopapular eruptions that often mimic various infectious diseases particularly in infants. We present a case of a female infant with an ulcerative lesion intraorally. The baby was asymptomatic otherwise. A detailed history revealed the presence of cutaneous lesions that was overlooked by her parents.

    CONCLUSION: This report tries to briefly discuss the current concepts regarding the etiology of LCH. An attempt has been made to emphasis the need for a through systemic examination. The protocol of investigative procedures to be adopted in LCH is also discussed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  17. Fulltext Eco-friendly synthesis for MCM-41 nanoporous materials using the non-reacted reagents in mother liquor
    Ng EP, Goh JY, Ling TC, Mukti RR
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2013;8(1):120.
    PMID: 23497184 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-120
    Nanoporous materials such as Mobil composite material number 41 (MCM-41) are attractive for applications such as catalysis, adsorption, supports, and carriers. Green synthesis of MCM-41 is particularly appealing because the chemical reagents are useful and valuable. We report on the eco-friendly synthesis of MCM-41 nanoporous materials via multi-cycle approach by re-using the non-reacted reagents in supernatant as mother liquor after separating the solid product. This approach was achieved via minimal requirement of chemical compensation where additional fresh reactants were added into the mother liquor followed by pH adjustment after each cycle of synthesis. The solid product of each successive batch was collected and characterized while the non-reacted reagents in supernatant can be recovered and re-used to produce subsequent cycle of MCM-41. The multi-cycle synthesis is demonstrated up to three times in this research. This approach suggests a low cost and eco-friendly synthesis of nanoporous material since less waste is discarded after the product has been collected, and in addition, product yield can be maintained at the high level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  18. Measurement of mass attenuation coefficients of Rhizophora spp. binderless particleboards in the 16.59-25.26 keV photon energy range and their density profile using x-ray computed tomography
    Marashdeh MW, Bauk S, Tajuddin AA, Hashim R
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2012 Apr;70(4):656-62.
    PMID: 22304963 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.01.008
    The mass attenuation coefficients of Rhizophora spp. binderless particleboard with four different particle sizes (samples A, B, C and D) and natural raw Rhizophora spp. wood (sample E) were determined using single-beam photon transmission in the energy range between 16.59 and 25.26 keV. This was done by determining the attenuation of K(α1) X-ray fluorescent (XRF) photons from niobium, molybdenum, palladium, silver and tin targets. The results were compared with theoretical values of young-age breast (Breast 1) and water calculated using a XCOM computer program. It was found that the mass attenuation coefficient of Rhizophora spp. binderless particleboards to be close to the calculated XCOM values in water than natural Rhizophora spp. wood. Computed tomography (CT) scans were then used to determine the density profile of the samples. The CT scan results showed that the Rhizophora spp. binderless particleboard has uniform density compared to natural Rhizophora spp. wood. In general, the differences in the variability of the profile density decrease as the particle size of the pellet samples decreases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  19. Fulltext The effect on human balance of standing with toe-extension
    Ku PX, Abu Osman NA, Yusof A, Wan Abas WA
    PLoS One, 2012;7(7):e41539.
    PMID: 22848523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041539
    Postural balance is vital for safely carrying out many daily activities, such as locomotion. The purpose of this study was to determine how changes in normal standing (NS) and standing with toe-extension (SWT) impact postural control during quiet standing. Furthermore, the research aimed to examine the extent to which the effect of these factors differed between genders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  20. Fulltext Ear foreign body: tackling the uncommons
    Irfan M
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):352.
    PMID: 23082438
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
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