Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 1461 in total

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  1. Hassan R, Syazarina SO, Shahizon Azura MM, Hilwati H, Sobri MA
    Med J Malaysia, 2013;68(1):93-100.
    PMID: 23466782 MyJurnal
    Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) remains a widely used imaging technique and plays an important role in the evaluation of patients with acute ischaemic stroke. However, the task of identifying the signs of acute ischaemia and quantifying areas of brain involvement on NCCT scan is not easy due to its subtle findings. The reliability of early ischemic sign detection can be improved with experience, clinical history and the use of stroke window width and level on viewing the images. The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) was developed to overcome the difficulty of volume estimation in patients eligible for thrombolysis. It is a systematic, robust and practical method that can standardized the detection and reporting of the extent of acute ischaemic stroke. This article serves as an educational material that illustrates those findings which are important for all clinicians involved in acute stroke care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Ischemia*
  2. Parida S, Dehuri S, Cho SB, Cacha LA, Poznanski RR
    J Integr Neurosci, 2015 Sep;14(3):355-68.
    PMID: 26455882 DOI: 10.1142/S0219635215500223
    Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) makes it possible to detect brain activities in order to elucidate cognitive-states. The complex nature of fMRI data requires under-standing of the analyses applied to produce possible avenues for developing models of cognitive state classification and improving brain activity prediction. While many models of classification task of fMRI data analysis have been developed, in this paper, we present a novel hybrid technique through combining the best attributes of genetic algorithms (GAs) and ensemble decision tree technique that consistently outperforms all other methods which are being used for cognitive-state classification. Specifically, this paper illustrates the combined effort of decision-trees ensemble and GAs for feature selection through an extensive simulation study and discusses the classification performance with respect to fMRI data. We have shown that our proposed method exhibits significant reduction of the number of features with clear edge classification accuracy over ensemble of decision-trees.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain; Brain Mapping
  3. Khalin I, Alyautdin R, Kocherga G, Bakar MA
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2015;10:3245-67.
    PMID: 25995632 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S77480
    Neurodegenerative causes of blindness and deafness possess a major challenge in their clinical management as proper treatment guidelines have not yet been found. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been established as a promising therapy against neurodegenerative disorders including hearing and visual loss. Unfortunately, the blood-retinal barrier and blood-cochlear barrier, which have a comparable structure to the blood-brain barrier prevent molecules of larger sizes (such as BDNF) from exiting the circulation and reaching the targeted cells. Anatomical features of the eye and ear allow use of local administration, bypassing histo-hematic barriers. This paper focuses on highlighting a variety of strategies proposed for the local administration of the BDNF, like direct delivery, viral gene therapy, and cell-based therapy, which have been shown to successfully improve development, survival, and function of spiral and retinal ganglion cells. The similarities and controversies for BDNF treatment of posterior eye diseases and inner ear diseases have been analyzed and compared. In this review, we also focus on the possibility of translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. And finally, we suggest that using nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems may substantially contribute to the development of clinically viable techniques for BDNF delivery into the cochlea or posterior eye segment, which, ultimately, can lead to a long-term or permanent rescue of auditory and optic neurons from degeneration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism*
  4. Muin IA, Saffari HM, Hasimah YN
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Mar;52(1):86-8.
    PMID: 10968060
    Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brain is rare. Majority of the lesions are intraaxial, multicentric and involve the leptomeninges. We report a case of malignant primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising from the cranial vault. Computed tomography of the brain showed an extraaxial lesion in the right parietal region mimicking a meningioma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  5. Raman S, Rachagan SP
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):57-8.
    PMID: 6633338
    A case of hypertensive encephalopathy in eclampsia is described. Complete recovery from the neurological deficits took three and a half weeks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Diseases/etiology*
  6. Ng LF
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Dec;40(4):289-93.
    PMID: 3842728
    A series of 18 cases of tuberculous encephalopathy (TBE) in children studied between June 1983 and October 1984 at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu is presented. The data suggest that: the incidence is not as rare as previously thought; the occurrence of TBE is related to the absence of BCG vaccination; the presentation is often late; laboratory data, although helpful is not often confirmatory; early treatment is the key to better outcome; the clinical picture should outweigh laboratory diagnosis in the initial assessment and management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Diseases/diagnosis*
  7. Krieger AJ
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Jun;30(4):312-5.
    PMID: 979735
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Injuries*
  8. Md Noh MSF
    J Neuroradiol, 2020 Sep;47(5):329-330.
    PMID: 32444286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2020.05.004
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Diseases/epidemiology
  9. Bhaskaran M, Devegowda VG, Gupta VK, Shivachar A, Bhosale RR, Arunachalam M, et al.
    ACS Chem Neurosci, 2020 10 07;11(19):2962-2977.
    PMID: 32945654 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00555
    Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a standout among the most dangerous class of central nervous system (CNS) cancer, is most common and is an aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. In spite of developments in modality therapy, it remains mostly incurable. Consequently, the need for novel systems, strategies, or therapeutic approaches for enhancing the assortment of active agents meant for GBM becomes an important criterion. Currently, cancer research focuses mainly on improving the treatment of GBM via diverse novel drug delivery systems. The treatment options at diagnosis are multimodal and include radiation therapy. Moreover, significant advances in understanding the molecular pathology of GBM and associated cell signaling pathways have opened opportunities for new therapies. Innovative treatment such as immunotherapy also gives hope for enhanced survival. The objective of this work was to collect and report the recent research findings to manage GBM. The present review includes existing novel drug delivery systems and therapies intended for managing GBM. Reported novel drug delivery systems and diverse therapies seem to be precise, secure, and relatively effective, which could lead to a new track for the obliteration of GBM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain; Brain Neoplasms
  10. Hanani Abdul Manan, Zamzuri Idris, Jafri Malin Abdullah, Mohammed Faruque Reza, Wan Nor Azlen Wan Mohamad
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1877-1886.
    Visual function is mainly located within the bilateral hemisphere of the occipital lobes of the brain. However, our functional magnetoencephalography (MEG) result has demonstrated the reorganization of brain activity in the occipital area in patients with left-sided brain tumour. The results showed that brain laterality changes from bilateral to unilateral activation of the occipital area. Right occipital area (contralateral areas to the tumour), shows increase intensity of activation. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with fibre tracking was performed to further investigate this brain laterality modification and the findings confirmed there is an alteration in the left hemisphere fibre optic tracts. This functional modification and changes of the brain laterality and optic tracts in the brain is suspected to be the result of tumour growth induced changes. The present observation will be discussed in term of the mechanism of tumour induced reorganization and changes with the corroborating evidence from MEG, DTI and neuropsychological assessment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain; Brain Neoplasms
  11. Hasan AM, Jalab HA, Ibrahim RW, Meziane F, Al-Shamasneh AR, Obaiys SJ
    Entropy (Basel), 2020 Sep 15;22(9).
    PMID: 33286802 DOI: 10.3390/e22091033
    Brain tumor detection at early stages can increase the chances of the patient's recovery after treatment. In the last decade, we have noticed a substantial development in the medical imaging technologies, and they are now becoming an integral part in the diagnosis and treatment processes. In this study, we generalize the concept of entropy difference defined in terms of Marsaglia formula (usually used to describe two different figures, statues, etc.) by using the quantum calculus. Then we employ the result to extend the local binary patterns (LBP) to get the quantum entropy LBP (QELBP). The proposed study consists of two approaches of features extractions of MRI brain scans, namely, the QELBP and the deep learning DL features. The classification of MRI brain scan is improved by exploiting the excellent performance of the QELBP-DL feature extraction of the brain in MRI brain scans. The combining all of the extracted features increase the classification accuracy of long short-term memory network when using it as the brain tumor classifier. The maximum accuracy achieved for classifying a dataset comprising 154 MRI brain scan is 98.80%. The experimental results demonstrate that combining the extracted features improves the performance of MRI brain tumor classification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain; Brain Neoplasms
  12. Das, Priscilla, Naing, Nyi Nyi, Nadiah Wan-Arfah, Noorjan, KON, Yee, Cheng Kueh, Rasalingam, Kantha
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Astrocytic gliomas are the most common and lethal intracranial brain tumours and rely on angiogenesis for the tumour development. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to the angiogenesis of glioma tumour. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the matured circulating endothelial cells population in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its associations with tissue resident angiogenic cells in astrocytic glioma patients. Methods: A total of 22 astrocytic glioma patients were recruited from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Tumour were sliced and stained with CD133+ and VEGFA+ for angiogenic cells (n=22). The circulating (CD133-/VEGFR2+) matured endothelial cells in PBMCs (n=22) were quantified using FACS. The paired t-test and Pearson correlation test were used for the data analysis. Results: The angiogenic cells in brain tumour tissue were significantly higher compared to adjacent normal brain tissue (median 1.07±0.96% vs. median 0.69±0.68%; Wilcoxon signed rank test Z=-3.100; p=0.002). Positive correlation was found between the angiogenic cells of brain tumour tissue and adjacent normal brain tissue (Spearman’s rho correlation test, r=0.56; p=0.007). Significant positive correlation was found between matured endothelial cells in peripheral circulating systems and angiogenic cells in tumour of astrocytic glioma patients (Pearson correlation test, r=0.60, p=0.003).Conclusion:The findings of the study give support to the possible roles of EPCs in astrocytic glioma patients. Thus targeting tissue resident angiogenic cells and matured circulating endothelial cells by antiangiogenic treatment might be useful to prevent the tumour growth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain; Brain Neoplasms
  13. Lindgren AG, Braun RG, Juhl Majersik J, Clatworthy P, Mainali S, Derdeyn CP, et al.
    Int J Stroke, 2021 Apr 26.
    PMID: 33739214 DOI: 10.1177/17474930211007288
    Numerous biological mechanisms contribute to outcome after stroke, including brain injury, inflammation, and repair mechanisms. Clinical genetic studies have the potential to discover biological mechanisms affecting stroke recovery in humans and identify intervention targets. Large sample sizes are needed to detect commonly occurring genetic variations related to stroke brain injury and recovery. However, this usually requires combining data from multiple studies where consistent terminology, methodology, and data collection timelines are essential. Our group of expert stroke and rehabilitation clinicians and researchers with knowledge in genetics of stroke recovery here present recommendations for harmonizing phenotype data with focus on measures suitable for multicenter genetic studies of ischemic stroke brain injury and recovery. Our recommendations have been endorsed by the International Stroke Genetics Consortium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia
  14. Ameerah Jaafar, Feizel Alsiddiq, Ling, King-Hwa
    MyJurnal
    Gene mutation is one of the etiologies of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE), an age-dependent seizure in infants, which leads to brain defects. Previous studies have shown that several genes namely, aristalessrelated homeobox (ARX), cyclindependent kinaselike 5 (CDKL5) and syntaxinbinding protein 1 (STXBP1) are responsible for the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Thestudy involved 20 EOEE patients and 60 control subjects, which aimed toinvestigatethe clinical association of Malaysian EOEE subjects with 13 known pathogenic mutations in the genes of interest. In addition, the entire ARX exonic region was also sequenced for known and novel mutations. PCR specificity and efficiency were optimized using conventional PCR and High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA). All cases and approximately 10% of control amplicon samples were purified and subjected to DNA sequencing. All known mutations reported previously were not found in control subjects and Malaysian EOEE patients with 100% confirmation by sequencing results. Sequencing of ARX exonic regionsof patient samplesdid not find any mutation in all exons. The preliminary study indicates that selected known pathogenic mutations of ARX, CDKL5and STXBP1are not associated with EOEE in Malaysian paediatric patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain; Brain Diseases
  15. Nataraj SK, Paulraj MP, Yaacob SB, Adom AHB
    J Med Signals Sens, 2020 11 11;10(4):228-238.
    PMID: 33575195 DOI: 10.4103/jmss.JMSS_52_19
    Background: A simple data collection approach based on electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements has been proposed in this study to implement a brain-computer interface, i.e., thought-controlled wheelchair navigation system with communication assistance.

    Method: The EEG signals are recorded for seven simple tasks using the designed data acquisition procedure. These seven tasks are conceivably used to control wheelchair movement and interact with others using any odd-ball paradigm. The proposed system records EEG signals from 10 individuals at eight-channel locations, during which the individual executes seven different mental tasks. The acquired brainwave patterns have been processed to eliminate noise, including artifacts and powerline noise, and are then partitioned into six different frequency bands. The proposed cross-correlation procedure then employs the segmented frequency bands from each channel to extract features. The cross-correlation procedure was used to obtain the coefficients in the frequency domain from consecutive frame samples. Then, the statistical measures ("minimum," "mean," "maximum," and "standard deviation") were derived from the cross-correlated signals. Finally, the extracted feature sets were validated through online sequential-extreme learning machine algorithm.

    Results and Conclusion: The results of the classification networks were compared with each set of features, and the results indicated that μ (r) feature set based on cross-correlation signals had the best performance with a recognition rate of 91.93%.

    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Waves; Brain-Computer Interfaces
  16. Kamariah Ibrahim, Abubakar Danjuma Abdullahi, Nor Azian Abdul Murad, Roslan Harun, Rahman Jamal
    MyJurnal
    Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high-grade brain tumor of which the survival patients remain poor.
    Tousled-like kinase 1 (TLK1), a serine-threonine kinase, was identified to be overexpressed in cancers such
    as GBM. TLK1 plays an important role in controlling survival pathways. To date, there is no structure
    available for TLK1 as well as its inhibitors. We aimed to create a homology model of TLK1 and to identify
    suitable molecular inhibitors that are likely to bind and inhibit TLK1 activity via in silico high-throughput
    virtual screening (HTVS) protein-ligand docking. The 3D homology models of TLK1 were derived from
    various servers. All models were evaluated using Swiss Model QMEAN server. Validation was performed
    using multiple tools. Energy minimization was performed using YASARA. Subsequently, HTVS was
    performed using Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 and ligands derived from ligand.info database. Drug-like
    molecules were filtered using ADME-Tox filtering program. Best homology model was obtained from the
    Aurora B kinase (PDB ID:4B8M) derived from Xenopus levias structure that share sequence similarity with
    human TLK1. Two compounds were identified from HTVS to be the potential inhibitors as it did not violate
    the Lipinski rule of five and the CNS-based filter as a potential drug-like molecule for GBM
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain; Brain Neoplasms
  17. Reza, F., Begum, T., Ahmed, A.L., Omar, H., Muzaimi, M., Abdullah, J.M.
    ASM Science Journal, 2012;6(1):39-45.
    MyJurnal
    The human brain generates different oscillations at different frequencies during various consciousness levels. When these brain waves synchronize with exogenous rhythmic stimulation, the brain experiences strong, yet relaxing emotion that could be involved in the formation of memory. We investigated the character of rhythmic oscillatory dynamics by electroencephalography (EEG) of subjects listening to a short verse of the Holy Quran compared to resting and Arabic news listening. The mean power amplitudes of each frequency band for wavelet-based time-frequency analysis were obtained from 5000 ms of segmented EEG recordings during rest, news and Quran listening conditions. The time series analysis of power from each of three conditions in each frequency band from the grand averaged data was then subjected to autocorrelation study. The results showed significant cyclic overall trends of increasing and decreasing patterns of power in the low frequency brain wave oscillation of different head regions especially global, frontal and temporal sites. These results provided a basis for prediction of the periodicity of the power of the oscillatory brain dynamics of delta and robustly in theta regions which occurred during Quran listening. Despite several limitations, our data offered a plausible scientific basis to the emotional induction during Quran listening that mimics recognized as data from music listening studies. This offered a promising perspective for future studies in translational neurophysiological, cognitive and biofeedback on Quran listening to modify brain behaviour in health and disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain; Brain Waves
  18. Siddiqui R, Ali IK, Cope JR, Khan NA
    Acta Trop, 2016 Dec;164:375-394.
    PMID: 27616699 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.009
    Naegleria fowleri is a protist pathogen that can cause lethal brain infection. Despite decades of research, the mortality rate related with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis owing to N. fowleri remains more than 90%. The amoebae pass through the nose to enter the central nervous system killing the host within days, making it one of the deadliest opportunistic parasites. Accordingly, we present an up to date review of the biology and pathogenesis of N. fowleri and discuss needs for future research against this fatal infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain/pathology
  19. Norhafizan Ahmad, Raja Ariffin Raja Ghazilla, Muhammad Zikril Hakim Md Azizi
    MyJurnal
    Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) provide a vast possibility in enabling the brain to communicate directly with the computer, hence providing an alternative in controlling the machines without much effort. In fields of rehabilitations robotics, the applications of an exoskeletons in assisting a spinal cord injured (SCI) patients were growing. Steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) based BCIs that utilizes the human visual reactions to the constant flickered stimulus quickly showed its potentials among the BCIs used in rehabilitations devices because of its advantages such as a higher immunity to noises and artefacts and also its robustness compared to other BCIs. Rehabilitation exoskeletons demands an approach that are more user friendly and the aspects of control scheme and mechanical parts that are more focused on assisting the patients in rehabilitations and providing a SCI patients an alternatives to explore their surroundings in a more intuitive ways. This paper highlights the current development trends in SSVEP based BCIs for rehabilitation exoskeletons and proposed the potential research scopes in the future that can improve the effectiveness, and its potential applications in rehabilitations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain; Brain-Computer Interfaces
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