Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 2094 in total

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  1. Improvement of early cell adhesion on Thai silk fibroin surface by low energy plasma
    Amornsudthiwat P, Mongkolnavin R, Kanokpanont S, Panpranot J, Wong CS, Damrongsakkul S
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2013 Nov 1;111:579-86.
    PMID: 23893032 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.07.009
    Low energy plasma has been introduced to treat the surface of Thai silk fibroin which should be enhanced for cell adhesion due to its native hydrophobic surface. Plasma surface treatment could introduce desirable hydrophilic functionalities on the surface without using any chemicals. In this work, nitrogen glow discharge plasma was generated by a low energy AC50Hz power supply system. The plasma operating conditions were optimized to reach the highest nitrogen active species by using optical emission spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that amine, hydroxyl, ether, and carboxyl groups were induced on Thai silk fibroin surface after plasma treatment. The results on Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy confirmed that the plasma treated effects were only on the outermost layer since there was no change in the bulk chemistry. The surface topography was insignificantly changed from the detection with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The plasma-treated effects were the improved surface wettability and cell adhesion. After a 90-s treatment, the water contact angle was at 20°, while the untreated surface was at 70°. The early cell adhesion of L929 mouse fibroblast was accelerated. L929 cells only took 3h to reach 100% cell adhesion on 90 s N2 plasma-treated surface, while there was less than 50% cell adhesion on the untreated Thai silk fibroin surface after 6h of culture. The cell adhesion results were in agreement with the cytoskeleton development. L929 F-actin was more evident on 90 s N2 plasma-treated surface than others. It could be concluded that a lower energy AC50Hz plasma system enhanced early L929 mouse fibroblast adhesion on Thai silk fibroin surface without any significant change in surface topography and bulk chemistry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  2. Potential colorimetric detection of cancer cells using Phenol Red
    Amran EN, Sudik S, Omar AF, Mail MH, Seeni A
    Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2019 Sep;27:380-384.
    PMID: 31301437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.07.006
    The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between the color changes of phenol red and the growth of cancer cells, i.e., HeLa and DU145 cells, over a specific period of time. Normal mouse skin fibroblasts (L929 cells) were used as a reference. In this research, the color changes of phenol red due to the acidification of the cell culture medium from the growth of the cells over a period of nine hours showed potential colorimetric characteristics of cancer cells. The color changes of phenol red were observed using visible absorbance spectroscopy. The transformation of the absorbance spectra into coefficients of determination against the examined range of wavelengths created a distinctive spectral signature that signifies phenol red discoloration in cancer and normal cell culture lines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  3. Purification and comparison of intracellular proteinase A in Candida spp. isolates from Malaysian and Iranian patients and infected mice
    Amri Saroukolaei S, Pei Pei C, Shokri H, Asadi F
    J Mycol Med, 2012 Jun;22(2):149-59.
    PMID: 23518017 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.01.002
    To compare the specific intracellular proteinase A activity in clinical isolates of Candida species isolated from Iranian and Malaysian patients, the blood and kidneys of mice infected by Candida cells isolated from these human patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice
  4. Fulltext Vernonia cinerea regenerates tubular epithelial cells in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in cancer bearing mice without affecting antitumor activity
    Amuthan A, Devi V, Shreedhara CS, Rao V, Jasphin S, Kumar N
    J Tradit Complement Med, 2021 May;11(3):279-286.
    PMID: 34012874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.08.004
    Background: Traditional Siddha Medicine advises using metal-based formulations to treat cancers. In the case of any toxicities during the therapy, Siddha physicians use Vernonia cinerea (VC) whole plant kashayam (crude aqueous extract-CAE) to reverse the toxic effects.

    Aim: To evaluate the nephroprotective activity of CAE and its fractions in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and to assess whether they compromise the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin.

    Materials and methods: Cisplatin-induced renal damage was induced in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice during mild phase of tumor growth. CAE and its butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions were administered orally from the 5th day for five days. Nephroprotective potential (serum urea, creatinine, renal histology) and effect of VC on cisplatin anticancer efficacy (tumor volume, viable tumor cells, percentage increase in life span (% ILS)) were calculated.

    Result: CAE and its fractions significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced renal damage. CAE and BF treated animals showed regeneration of 50%-75% of proximal tubular cells. Compared to EAC control mice, the % ILS of the cisplatin-treated group was 244% and it was further extended to 379% after CAE administration. The % ILS in the CAE treated group was 1.6 times higher than the cisplatin alone treated group. GC-MS study showed the presence of astaxanthin and betulin.

    Conclusion: CAE of VC reverses cisplatin-induced kidney damage as well as regenerates proximal tubular epithelial cells, without compromising the anticancer effect of cisplatin. When CAE was further fractionated, the nephroprotective activity was retained, but the beneficial anticancer effect of cisplatin was compromised.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  5. The Hepatoprotective Effect of Clidemia hirta against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Damage in Mice
    Amzar N, Iqbal M
    J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2017;36(4):293-307.
    PMID: 29431062 DOI: 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2017019824
    Liver diseases still represents a major health burden worldwide. Moreover, medicinal plants have gained popularity in the treatment of several diseases, including liver disease. Clidemia hirta possesses many medicinal properties for healing several diseases and for health maintenance. However, the hepatoprotective effects and antioxidative potential of C. hirta have not been fully investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidative potential of C. hirta against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injuries and oxidative damage in a murine model. Various biochemical changes associated with liver damage and oxidative stress were measured. The mice were pretreated for 14 consecutive days with aqueous extract of C. hirta at selected doses (150 mg/kg body weight [b.w.], 300 mg/kg b.w. and 600 mg/kg b.w.) followed by two doses of CCl4 (1.0 mL/kg b.w.) orally on days 14 and 15. All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose of CCl4 or saline. Blood and liver tissues were taken quickly for biochemical and histopathological studies to assess the derangement in the functioning of liver. The development of oxidative stress was observed through the escalation of hepatic lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione, and reduced antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase). Hepatic damage was evaluated by measuring serum transaminase (ALT and AST). In addition, CCl4-induced hepatic damage was further evaluated using histopathological assessments. However, most of these changes were dependently ameliorated by the pretreatment of mice with a C. hirta dose. These results indicate that the hepatoprotective effect of C. hirta might be due to its antioxidant and free-radical scavenging properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice
  6. Absence of beta-amyloid deposition in the central nervous system of a transgenic mouse model of distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles
    Anada RP, Wong KT, Malicdan MC, Goh KJ, Hayashi Y, Nishino I, et al.
    Amyloid, 2014 Jun;21(2):138-9.
    PMID: 24601867 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2014.889675
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice, Transgenic; Mice, Knockout; Mice
  7. In vivo antitumour properties of tribenzyltin carboxylates in a 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumour model: Enhanced efficacy by PLGA nanoparticles
    Anasamy T, Chee CF, Kiew LV, Chung LY
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2020 Jan 15;142:105140.
    PMID: 31704345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105140
    This study reports the in vivo performance of two tribenzyltin carboxylate complexes, tri(4-fluorobenzyl)tin[(N,N-diisopropylcarbamothioyl)sulfanyl]acetate (C1) and tribenzyltin isonicotinate (C9), in their native form as well as in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoformulation, to assess their potential to be translated into clinically useful agents. In a 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumour model, single intravenous administration of C1 (2.7 mg/kg) and C9 (2.1 mg/kg; 2.1 mg/kg C9 is equivalent to 2.7 mg/kg C1) induced greater tumour growth delay than cisplatin and doxorubicin at equivalent doses, while a double-dose regimen demonstrated a much greater tumour growth delay than the single-dose treated groups. To improve the efficacy of the complexes in vivo, C1 and C9 were further integrated into PLGA nanoparticles to yield nanosized PLGA-C1 (183.7 ± 0.8 nm) and PLGA-C9 (163.2 ± 1.2 nm), respectively. Single intravenous administration of PLGA-C1 (2.7 mg C1 equivalent/kg) and PLGA-C9 (2.1 mg C9 equivalent/kg) induced greater tumour growth delay (33% reduction in the area under curve compared to that of free C1 and C9). Multiple-dose administration of PLGA-C1 (5.4 mg C1 equivalent/kg) and PLGA-C9 (4.2 mg C9 equivalent/kg) induced tumour growth suppression at the end of the study (21.7 and 34.6% reduction relative to the size on day 1 for the double-dose regimen; 73.5 and 79.0% reduction relative to the size on day 1 for the triple-dose regimen, respectively). Such tumour growth suppression was not observed in mice receiving multiple-dose regimens of free C1 and C9. Histopathological analysis revealed that metastasis to the lung and liver was inhibited in mice receiving PLGA-C1 and PLGA-C9. The current study has demonstrated the improved in vivo antitumour efficacies of C1 and C9 compared with conventional chemotherapy drugs and the enhancement of the efficacies of these agents via a robust PLGA-based nanoformulation and multiple-drug administration approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice
  8. Fulltext Antivirals blocking entry of enteroviruses and therapeutic potential
    Anasir MI, Zarif F, Poh CL
    J Biomed Sci, 2021 Jan 15;28(1):10.
    PMID: 33451326 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00708-8
    Viruses from the genus Enterovirus (EV) of the Picornaviridae family are known to cause diseases such as hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD), respiratory diseases, encephalitis and myocarditis. The capsid of EV is an attractive target for the development of direct-acting small molecules that can interfere with viral entry. Some of the capsid binders have been evaluated in clinical trials but the majority have failed due to insufficient efficacy or unacceptable off-target effects. Furthermore, most of the capsid binders exhibited a low barrier to resistance. Alternatively, host-targeting inhibitors such as peptides derived from the capsid of EV that can recognize cellular receptors have been identified. However, the majority of these peptides displayed low anti-EV potency (µM range) as compared to the potency of small molecule compounds (nM range). Nonetheless, the development of anti-EV peptides is warranted as they may complement the small-molecules in a drug combination strategy to treat EVs. Lastly, structure-based approach to design antiviral peptides should be utilized to unearth potent anti-EV peptides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  9. Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Sansevieria trifasciata leaves
    Anbu JS, Jayaraj P, Varatharajan R, Thomas J, Jisha J, Muthappan M
    Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2009 Jul 03;6(4):529-33.
    PMID: 20606773
    The ethanol and water extracts of Sansevieria trifasciata leaves showed dose-dependent and significant (P < 0.05) increase in pain threshold in tail-immersion test. Moreover, both the extracts (100 - 200 mg/kg) exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of writhing and also showed a significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of both phases of the formalin pain test. The ethanol extract (200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.01) reversed yeast-induced fever. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, proteins and carbohydrates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  10. Fulltext Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Improve Oral Delivery of Antitubercular Bicyclic Nitroimidazoles
    Ang CW, Tan L, Qu Z, West NP, Cooper MA, Popat A, et al.
    ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2022 Oct 10;8(10):4196-4206.
    PMID: 34464089 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00807
    Pretomanid and MCC7433, a novel nitroimidazopyrazinone analog, are promising antitubercular agents that belong to the bicyclic nitroimidazole family. Despite possessing high cell permeability, they suffer from poor aqueous solubility and require specialized formulations in order to be orally bioavailable. To address this limitation, we investigated the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) as drug carriers. MCM-41 nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel method, and their surface was further modified with amine and phosphonate groups. A simple rotary evaporation method was used to incorporate the compounds of interest into the nanoparticles, leading to a high encapsulation efficiency of ≥86% with ∼10% loading (w/w). An overall significant improvement of solubility was also observed, and the pharmacological activity of pretomanid and MCC7433 was fully retained when tested in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using these nanocarriers. Amino-functionalized MCM-41 nanoparticles were found to enhance the systemic exposure of MCC7433 in mice (1.3-fold higher Cmax) compared to MCC7433 alone. The current work highlights the potential of using nanoparticles such as mesoporous silica as a carrier for oral delivery of poorly soluble antibacterial agents against tuberculosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  11. Eurycoma longifolia Jack enhances sexual motivation in middle-aged male mice
    Ang HH, Lee KL, Kiyoshi M
    J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 2003;14(3):301-8.
    PMID: 14964739 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2003.14.3.301
    Eurycoma longifolia Jack was investigated for sexual motivation activity in adult, middle-aged male mice and in retired breeders, using the modified open field and the modified runway choice methods. Each mouse received 500 mg/kg of one of 4 fractions of E. longifolia Jack, viz. chloroform, methanol, butanol, and water, whereas the mice in the control and yohimbine groups received 3 ml/kg of normal saline and 30 mg/kg of yohimbine daily respectively for 10 d. The results show a transient increase in the percentage of male mice responding to the right choice after chronic consumption of the fractions with 50 percent of the adult middle-aged male mice treated with E. longifolia Jack and yohimbine scoring the right choice after 8 and 5 days post-treatment respectively. In conclusion, this study has shown that E. longifolia Jack continues to enhance sexual motivation in adult, middle-aged male mice and in retired breeders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  12. Fulltext Studies on the anxiolytic activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots in mice
    Ang HH, Cheang HS
    Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 1999 Apr;79(4):497-500.
    PMID: 10361892 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.79.497
    The anxiolytic effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack in mice was examined. Fractions of E. longifolia Jack extract produced a significant increase in the number of squares crossed (controls= 118.2 +/- 10.2 squares), but significantly decreased both the immobility (controls = 39.4+/- 4.0 sec) and fecal pellets (controls= 12.3 +/-2.1 fecal pellets) when compared with control mice in the open-field test; they significantly increased the number of entries (controls=6.7+/-0.5 entries) and time spent (controls=42.9+/-0.1 sec) in the open arms, but decreased both the number of entries (controls= 13.2+/-0.7 entries) and time spent (controls= 193.4+/-0.7 sec) when compared with the control mice in the closed arms of the elevated plus-maze test. Furthermore, fractions of E. longifolia Jack extract decreased the fighting episodes significantly (controls= 18.0+/-0.4 fighting episodes) when compared with control mice. In addition, these results were found to be consistent with anxiolytic effect produced by diazepam. Hence, this study supports the medicinal use of this plant for anxiety therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  13. Immunomodulatory effects of Potentilla indica and Dendrophthoe pentandra on mice splenocytes and thymocytes
    Ang HY, Subramani T, Yeap SK, Omar AR, Ho WY, Abdullah MP, et al.
    Exp Ther Med, 2014 Jun;7(6):1733-1737.
    PMID: 24926376
    Immunomodulators are agents that are able to stimulate or inhibit the immune response. The leaf extracts from Potentilla indica and Dendrophthoe pentandra were analyzed in vitro for immunomodulatory activity and an MTT colorimetric assay was conducted to determine the proliferation of mice splenocytes and thymocytes. A bromodeoxyuridine assay was performed to analyze DNA synthesis and the Trypan blue exclusion method was conducted to evaluate the changes in total cell population. The results indicated that treatment with P. indica and D. pentandra produced a time- and dose-dependent increase in cell viability and proliferation. Following 72 h of treatment with P. indica and D. pentandra, thymocyte proliferation was augmented by 18 and 41%, respectively and splenocyte proliferation increased by 35 and 42%, respectively, when compared with untreated cells. The present study demonstrated that these extracts may act as potential immunostimulants and, thus, represent an alternative source of immunomodulatory compounds for the treatment of human immune-mediated diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  14. Neuroprotective potential of cinnamon and its metabolites in Parkinson's disease: Mechanistic insights, limitations, and novel therapeutic opportunities
    Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C, Mishra A
    J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2021 Jan 24.
    PMID: 33491302 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22720
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder with obscure etiology and no disease-modifying therapy to date. Hence, novel, safe, and low cost-effective approaches employing medicinal plants are currently receiving increased attention. A growing body of evidence has revealed that cinnamon, being widely used as a spice of unique flavor and aroma, may exert neuroprotective effects in several neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. In vitro evidence has indicated that the essential oils of Cinnamomum species, mainly cinnamaldehyde and sodium benzoate may protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, and autophagy dysregulation, thus acting in a potentially neuroprotective manner. In vivo evidence has demonstrated that oral administration of cinnamon powder and sodium benzoate may protect against dopaminergic cell death, striatal neurotransmitter dysregulation, and motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse models of PD. The underlying mechanisms of its action include autophagy regulation, antioxidant effects, upregulation of Parkin, DJ-1, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as modulation of the TLR/NF-κB pathway and inhibition of the excessive proinflammatory responses. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cinnamon extracts may affect the oligomerization process and aggregation of α-synuclein. Herein, we discuss recent evidence on the novel therapeutic opportunities of this phytochemical against PD, indicating additional mechanistic aspects that should be explored, and potential obstacles/limitations that need to be overcome, for its inclusion in experimental PD therapeutics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  15. Fulltext Primaquine and chloroquine nano-sized solid dispersion-loaded dissolving microarray patches for the improved treatment of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax
    Anjani QK, Volpe-Zanutto F, Hamid KA, Sabri AHB, Moreno-Castellano N, Gaitán XA, et al.
    J Control Release, 2023 Sep;361:385-401.
    PMID: 37562555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.009
    Malaria is a global parasitic infection that leads to substantial illness and death. The most commonly-used drugs for treatment of malaria vivax are primaquine and chloroquine, but they have limitations, such as poor adherence due to frequent oral administration and gastrointestinal side effects. To overcome these limitations, we have developed nano-sized solid dispersion-based dissolving microarray patches (MAPs) for the intradermal delivery of these drugs. In vitro testing showed that these systems can deliver to skin and receiver compartment up to ≈60% of the payload for CQ-based dissolving MAPs and a total of ≈42% of drug loading for PQ-based dissolving MAPs. MAPs also displayed acceptable biocompatibility in cell tests. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that dissolving MAPs could deliver sustained plasma levels of both PQ and CQ for over 7 days. Efficacy studies in a murine model for malaria showed that mice treated with PQ-MAPs and CQ-MAPs had reduced parasitaemia by up to 99.2%. This pharmaceutical approach may revolutionise malaria vivax treatment, especially in developing countries where the disease is endemic. The development of these dissolving MAPs may overcome issues associated with current pharmacotherapy and improve patient outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  16. Helicobacter pylori protein HP0986 (TieA) interacts with mouse TNFR1 and triggers proinflammatory and proapoptotic signaling pathways in cultured macrophage cells (RAW 264.7)
    Ansari SA, Devi S, Tenguria S, Kumar A, Ahmed N
    Cytokine, 2014 Aug;68(2):110-7.
    PMID: 24767863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.03.006
    HP0986 protein of Helicobacter pylori has been shown to trigger induction of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-α) through the activation of NF-κB and also to induce Fas mediated apoptosis of human macrophage cells (THP-1). In this study, we unravel mechanistic details of the biological effects of this protein in a murine macrophage environment. Up regulation of MCP-1 and TNF-α in HP0986-induced RAW 264.7 cells occurred subsequent to the activation and translocation of NF-κB to the cell nucleus. Further, HP0986 induced apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells through Fas activation and this was in agreement with previous observations made with THP-1 cells. Our studies indicated activation of TNFR1 through interaction with HP0986 and this elicited the aforementioned responses independent of TLR2, TLR4 or TNFR2. We found that mouse TNFR1 activation by HP0986 facilitates formation of a complex comprising of TNFR1, TRADD and TRAF2, and this occurs upstream of NF-κB activation. Furthermore, FADD also forms a second complex, at a later stage, together with TNFR1 and TRADD, resulting in caspase-8 activation and thereby the apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells. In summary, our observations reveal finer details of the functional activity of HP0986 protein in relation to its behavior in a murine macrophage cell environment. These findings reconfirm the proinflammatory and apoptotic role of HP0986 signifying it to be an important trigger of innate responses. These observations form much needed baseline data entailing future in vivo studies of the functions of HP0986 in a murine model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  17. Effect of green and ripe Carica papaya epicarp extracts on wound healing and during pregnancy
    Anuar NS, Zahari SS, Taib IA, Rahman MT
    Food Chem Toxicol, 2008 Jul;46(7):2384-9.
    PMID: 18468758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.03.025
    The traditional use of papaya to treat many diseases, especially skin conditions and its prohibition for consumption during pregnancy has prompted us to determine whether papaya extracts both from green and ripe fruits improve wound healing and also produce foetal toxicity. Aqueous extracts of green papaya epicarp (GPE) and ripe papaya epicarp (RPE) were applied on induced wounds on mice. GPE treatment induced complete healing in shorter periods (13 days) than that required while using RPE (17 days), sterile water (18 days) and Solcoseryl ointment (21 days). Extracts were administered orally (1 mg/g body weight/day) to pregnant mice from day 10 and onwards after conception. 3 (n=7) mice and 1 (n=6) mice given RPE and misoprostol, an abortive drug, respectively experienced embryonic resorption while this effect was observed in none of the mice given GPE (n=5) and water (n=5). The average body weight of live pups delivered by mice given GPE (1.12+/-0.04 g) was significantly lower than those delivered by mice given water (1.38+/-0.02 g). In SDS-PAGE, proteins were distributed in three bands (Mr range approximately 8-29 kDa). Band intensity at Mr approximately 28-29 kDa was higher in GPE than in RPE. In contrast, band intensity at low Mr (approximately 8 kDa) was found to be higher in RPE than in GPE. Notably, the band corresponding to Mr approximately 23-25 kDa was absent in RPE. These differences in composition may have contributed to the different wound healing and abortive effects of green and ripe papaya.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice
  18. New naphthalene derivative for cost-effective AChE inhibitors for Alzheimer's treatment: In silico identification, in vitro and in vivo validation
    Anwar F, Saleem U, Ahmad B, Ashraf M, Rehman AU, Froeyen M, et al.
    Comput Biol Chem, 2020 Dec;89:107378.
    PMID: 33002716 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107378
    Neurodegenerative diseases have complex etiology and pose a challenge to scientists to develop simple and cost-effective synthetic compounds as potential drug candidates for such diseases. Here, we report an extension of our previously published in silico screening, where we selected four new compounds as AChE inhibitors. Further, based on favorable binding possess, MD simulation and MMGBSA, two most promising compounds (3a and 3b) were selected, keeping in view the ease of synthesis and cost-effectiveness. Due to the critical role of BChE, LOX and α-glucosidase in neurodegeneration, the selected compounds were also screened against these enzymes. The IC50 values of 3a against AChE and BChE found to be 12.53 and 352.42 μM, respectively. Moderate to slight inhibitions of 45.26 % and 28.68 % were presented by 3a against LOX and α-glucosidase, respectively, at 0.5 mM. Insignificant inhibitions were observed with 3b against the four selected enzymes. Further, in vivo trial demonstrated that 3a could significantly diminish AChE levels in the mice brain as compared to the control. These findings were in agreement with the histopathological analysis of the brain tissues. The results corroborate that selected compounds could serve as a potential lead for further development and optimization as AChE inhibitors to achieve cost-effective anti-Alzheimer's drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  19. Fulltext In vivo anticlastogenic effect of silymarin from milk thistle Silybum marianum L
    Anwar S, Madkor HR, Ahmed N, Wagih ME
    Indian J Pharmacol, 2018 9 1;50(3):108-115.
    PMID: 30166747 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_660_16
    OBJECTIVE: Silymarin, extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum L. (Milk thistle), is traditionally used for treating various illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and renal problems. Acute cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies have been reported with ambiguous outcomes; however, its relevant anticlastogenic potential is not yet evaluated. This study was aimed to evaluate in vivo subacute anticlastogenic properties of silymarin to validate its use as a medicinal agent.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Silymarin was isolated from seeds of milk thistle. Various genotoxicity bioassays of silymarin were performed using mice. First, the bone marrow cell proliferation was estimated by calculating mitotic index. Second, the chromosomal abnormalities in mice bone marrow cells were studied. Third, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPE) test and in vivo activation of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were carried out in mice bone marrow cells. Finally, primary spermatocytes were analyzed to estimate genotoxic effect of silymarin on germ cells.

    RESULTS: We found that silymarin is capable of inducing a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in cell proliferation of bone marrow cells. There is no increase in chromosomal aberrations following silymarin treatments. Results clearly showed that it significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased the MPE. Likewise, it was found to be a negative inducer of SCEs. It decreased in total abnormal metaphase, SCEs, MPE, and aberrant diakinesis.

    CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that silymarin has a strong anticlastogenic activity upon mice genome in somatic and germ cells, indicating its safe use as a medicinal substance. Furthermore, it is not only safe but also has protective effect from clastogens.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  20. Effect of orally administered soy milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 and physical exercise on murine immune responses
    Appukutty M, Ramasamy K, Rajan S, Vellasamy S, Ramasamy R, Radhakrishnan AK
    Benef Microbes, 2015;6(4):491-6.
    PMID: 25691103 DOI: 10.3920/BM2014.0129
    Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits through the gastrointestinal microbiota. This nutritional supplement may benefit athletes who undergo rigorous training by maintaining their gastrointestinal functions and overall health. In this study the influence of moderate physical exercise using a graded treadmill exercise, alone or in combination with the consumption of a soy product fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 (LAB12), on tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) responses was investigated in a murine model. Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups of six mice each (control, exercise alone, LAB12 and LAB12 + exercise). Mice treated with the potential probiotic LAB12 were orally gavaged for 42 days. At autopsy, blood and spleen from the animals were collected. The splenocytes were cultured in the presence of a mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A). The amount of TNF-α produced by the Con A-stimulated splenocytes was quantified using ELISA, while their proliferation was determined using the [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation method. This study shows that LAB12-supplemented and exercise-induced mice showed marked increase (P<0.05) in cell proliferation compared to the control animals. TNF-α production was suppressed (P<0.05) in the LAB12 group compared to the untreated mice. These results demonstrate that supplementation with LAB12 has immunomodulatory effects, under conditions of moderate physical exercise, which may have implications for human athletes. Further investigation in human trials is warranted to confirm and extrapolate these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice, Inbred BALB C
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