MyMedR

Fulltext Subcritical Water Technology for Enhanced Extraction of Biochemical Compounds from Chlorella vulgaris

Awaluddin SA, Thiruvenkadam S, Izhar S, Hiroyuki Y, Danquah MK, Harun R

Biomed Res Int, 2016;2016:5816974.

PMID: 27366748 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5816974

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) technology has been used for the extraction of active compounds from different biomass materials with low process cost, mild operating conditions, short process times, and environmental sustainability. With the limited application of the technology to microalgal biomass, this work investigates parametrically the potential of subcritical water for high-yield extraction of biochemicals such as carbohydrates and proteins from microalgal biomass. The SWE process was optimized using central composite design (CCD) under varying process conditions of temperature (180-374°C), extraction time (1-20 min), biomass particulate size (38-250 μm), and microalgal biomass loading (5-40 wt.%). Chlorella vulgaris used in this study shows high volatile matter (83.5 wt.%) and carbon content (47.11 wt.%), giving advantage as a feedstock for biofuel production. The results showed maximum total carbohydrate content and protein yields of 14.2 g/100 g and 31.2 g/100 g, respectively, achieved under the process conditions of 277°C, 5% of microalgal biomass loading, and 5 min extraction time. Statistical analysis revealed that, of all the parameters investigated, temperature is the most critical during SWE of microalgal biomass for protein and carbohydrate production.

Matched MeSH terms: Carbohydrates/isolation & purification*; Proteins/isolation & purification*

An ionic liquid treatment and fractionation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch

Mohtar SS, Tengku Malim Busu TN, Md Noor AM, Shaari N, Mat H

Carbohydr Polym, 2017 Jun 15;166:291-299.

PMID: 28385235 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.102

This work reports on a complete isolation and characterization of lignocellulosic compounds from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by ionic liquid (IL) treatment and alkaline treatment processes. The fractionated lignocellulosic compounds were confirmed by FTIR and CP/MAS 13CNMR analyses. The yield of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions was 52.72±1.50% wt., 27.17±1.68% wt. and 16.82±1.15% wt. with molecular weight of 1869g/mol, 1736g/mol and 2695g/mol, and degradation temperature of 325.65°C, 236.25°C, and 201.40°C, respectively. The SEM image illustrates the bundle-like fiber of cellulose fraction and smaller particle size of hemicellulose and lignin fractions with inconsistent shape. The XRD patterns depict the crystalline cellulose, amorphous lignin and partially amorphous hemicellulose fractions property. The IL could be recovered and reused with an overall recovery of 48% wt. after the fourth cycle.

Matched MeSH terms: Lignin/isolation & purification*; Polysaccharides/isolation & purification*

Blood films from patients with benign tertian malaria in Eastern Sabah. Is this a zoonosis?

Peters W

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1973;67(1):2.

PMID: 4591218 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(73)90250-2

Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification; Plasmodium vivax/isolation & purification

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a primary hill forest in West Malaysia

Knudsen AB, Lewis DJ, Tesh RB, Rudnick A, Jeffery J, Singh I

J Med Entomol, 1979 Mar 23;15(3):286-91.

PMID: 220422

Matched MeSH terms: Arboviruses/isolation & purification*; Phlebovirus/isolation & purification

Moniliformis moniliformis Bremser (Moniliformis dubius, Mayer) and its prevalence in Rattus spp. in Penang, Malaysia

Khairul Anuar A

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Dec;32(2):111-3.

PMID: 614476

Matched MeSH terms: Acanthocephala/isolation & purification*; Moniliformis/isolation & purification*

Malaria parasites of domestic fowl in Sabah

Skippon J, Garnham PC

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1973;67(1):3.

PMID: 4204752 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(73)90254-x

Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*; Apicomplexa/isolation & purification

Limonoids and triterpenoid from fruit of Swietenia macrophylla

Sun YP, Zhu LL, Liu JS, Yu Y, Zhou ZY, Wang G, et al.

Fitoterapia, 2018 Mar;125:141-146.

PMID: 29325928 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.01.004

Five new limonoids, swieteliacates A-E (1-5) and a tirucallane-type triterpenoid, swietesenin (6), together with four known compounds (7-10) were isolated from fruit of Swietenia macrophylla. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The new compounds were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic effects against five human cancer cell lines. Compound 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against SW480 and HL-60 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 30.6 and 32.9μM, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Triterpenes/isolation & purification; Limonins/isolation & purification

A review on geopolymers as emerging materials for the adsorption of heavy metals and dyes

Siyal AA, Shamsuddin MR, Khan MI, Rabat NE, Zulfiqar M, Man Z, et al.

J Environ Manage, 2018 Oct 15;224:327-339.

PMID: 30056352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.046

The world water resources are contaminated due to discharge of a large number of pollutants from industrial and domestic sources. A variety of a single and multiple units of physical, chemical, and biological processes are employed for pollutants removal from wastewater. Adsorption is the most widely utilized process due to high efficiency, simple procedure and cost effectiveness. This paper reviews the research work carried out on the use of geopolymer materials for the adsorption of heavy metals and dyes. Geopolymers possess good surface properties, heterogeneous microstructure and amorphous structure. The performance of geopolymers in the removal of heavy metals and dyes is reported comparable to other materials. The pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models mostly fit to the adsorption data suggesting homogeneous distribution of adsorption sites with the formation of monolayer adsorbate on the surface of geopolymers. Adsorption of heavy metals and dyes onto geopolymers is spontaneous, endothermic and entropy driven process. Future research should focus on the enhancement of geopolymer performance, testing on pollutants other than heavy metals and dyes, and verification on real wastewater in continuous operation.

Matched MeSH terms: Coloring Agents/isolation & purification*; Metals, Heavy/isolation & purification*

13C-NMR dereplication of Garcinia extracts: Predicted chemical shifts as reliable databases

Bruguière A, Derbré S, Coste C, Le Bot M, Siegler B, Leong ST, et al.

Fitoterapia, 2018 Nov;131:59-64.

PMID: 30321650 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.10.003

Usually isolated from Garcinia (Clusiaceae) or Hypericum (Hypericaceae) species, some Polycyclic Polyprenylated AcylPhloroglucinols (PPAPs) have been recently reported as potential research tools for immunotherapy. Aiming at exploring the chemodiversity of PPAPs amongst Garcinia genus, a dereplication process suitable for such natural compounds has been developed. Although less sensitive than mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy is perfectly reproducible and allows stereoisomers distinction, justifying the development of 13C-NMR strategies. Dereplication requires the use of databases (DBs). To define if predicted DBs were accurate enough as dereplication tools, experimental and predicted δC of natural products usually isolated from Clusiaceae were compared. The ACD/Labs commercial software allowed to predict 73% of δC in a 1.25 ppm range around the experimental values. Consequently, with these parameters, the major PPAPs from a Garcinia bancana extract were successfully identified using a predicted DB.

Matched MeSH terms: Phloroglucinol/isolation & purification*; Phytochemicals/isolation & purification

Morphological characteristics of microfilariae in blood smears of the common treeshrew Tupaia glis (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Gemas, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Mat Udin AS, Uni S, Zainuri NA, Abdullah Halim MR, Belabut DA

Trop Biomed, 2020 Dec 01;37(4):1152-1157.

PMID: 33612768 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.1152

Some filarial nematodes, such as Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, cause lymphatic diseases in humans in the tropics, whereas other filarial parasites from wild animals cause zoonotic diseases in humans worldwide. To elucidate the prevalence and diversity of filarial parasites in Malaysia, we investigated the filarial parasites from wild animals in Gemas, Negeri Sembilan. To find adult filarial parasites, we dissected 26 animals, which included five frogs, one skink, one snake, two birds, six common treeshrews, and 11 rats. Then, we examined microfilariae in the blood smears and skin snips obtained from each animal. We found two types of microfilariae in the blood smears of common treeshrews: one was very similar to Malayfilaria sofiani and the other closely resembled Brugia tupaiae. These findings indicate an additional distribution of these filarial parasites in Gemas.

Matched MeSH terms: Brugia/isolation & purification; Rhabditida/isolation & purification

Unusual phenethylamine-containing alkaloids from Elaeocarpus tectorius

Ezeoke MC, Krishnan P, Sim DS, Lim SH, Low YY, Chong KW, et al.

Phytochemistry, 2018 Feb;146:75-81.

PMID: 29247894 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.003

From the leaves of Elaeocarpus tectorius (Lour.) Poir. four previously undescribed phenethylamine-containing alkaloids were isolated, namely, tectoricine, possessing an unprecedented isoquinuclidinone ring system incorporating a phenethylamine moiety, tectoraline, representing a rare alkamide incorporating two phenethylamine moieties, and tectoramidines A and B, representing the first naturally occurring trimeric and dimeric phenethylamine alkaloids incorporating an amidine function. The structures of these alkaloids were established by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of tectoricine was determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Plausible biosynthetic pathways to the four alkaloids are proposed.

Matched MeSH terms: Alkaloids/isolation & purification; Phenethylamines/isolation & purification

Fulltext Nodosilinea signiensis sp. nov. (Leptolyngbyaceae, Synechococcales), a new terrestrial cyanobacterium isolated from mats collected on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica

Radzi R, Muangmai N, Broady P, Wan Omar WM, Lavoue S, Convey P, et al.

PLoS One, 2019;14(11):e0224395.

PMID: 31682631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224395

Terrestrial cyanobacteria are very diverse and widely distributed in Antarctica, where they can form macroscopically visible biofilms on the surfaces of soils and rocks, and on benthic surfaces in fresh waters. We recently isolated several terrestrial cyanobacteria from soils collected on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. Among them, we found a novel species of Nodosilinea, named here as Nodosilinea signiensis sp. nov. This new species is morphologically and genetically distinct from other described species. Morphological examination indicated that the new species is differentiated from others in the genus by cell size, cell shape, filament attenuation, sheath morphology and granulation. 16S rDNA phylogenetic analyses clearly confirmed that N. signiensis belongs to the genus Nodosilinea, but that it is genetically distinct from other known species of Nodosilinea. The D1-D1´ helix of the 16S-23S ITS region of the new species was also different from previously described Nodosilinea species. This is the first detailed characterization of a member of the genus Nodosilinea from Antarctica as well as being a newly described species.

Matched MeSH terms: Cyanobacteria/isolation & purification; DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification

Fulltext Molecular identification and pathogenicity of endophytic fungi from corn ears

Terna PT, Mohamed Nor NMI, Azuddin NF, Zakaria L

Sci Rep, 2024 Jul 26;14(1):17146.

PMID: 39060380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68428-1

Endophytic fungi are widely known as fungi that infect internal tissues of host plants for all or part of their life cycles, without causing visible symptoms of disease. The present study was carried out to identify and investigate the pathogenicity of endophytic fungi residing in husks, silks, and kernels of corn. Endophytic fungi were isolated from surface-sterilised silks, kernels, and husks of healthy corn plants and identified using sequencing of multiple markers comprising TEF-1α, β-tubulin, calmodulin, ITS, LSU, and ACT. A total of 56 isolates of endophytic fungi belonging to 17 species, namely Fusarium pseudocircinatum (n = 8), F. verticillioides (n = 2), F. andiyazi (n = 4), F. sacchari (n = 1), F. mangiferae (n = 1), F. fujikuroi (n = 1), F. proliferatum (n = 3), F. incarnatum (n = 2), Penicillium oxalicum (n = 2), P. polonicum (n = 2), P. citrinum (n = 11), Aspergillus flavus (n = 10), A. tubingensis (n = 1), Cladosporium tenuissimum (n = 3), Aureobasidium pullulans (n = 3), Curvularia lunata (n = 1), and Epicoccum sorghinum (n = 1) were identified. Pathogenicity test showed that all endophytic fungi induced varying severities of disease symptoms on corn plants such as leaf chlorosis and necrosis, stem malformation, wilt, and stunted growth with F. verticillioides being the most virulent. The study revealed that corn tissues harbour diverse genera of endophytic fungi that can infect corn plants and may cause harmful effects to the host plants.

Matched MeSH terms: Fungi/isolation & purification; Fusarium/isolation & purification

Hemoglobin Tak in a newborn Malay

Lie-Injo LE, Randhawa ZI, Ganesan J, Kane J, Peterson D

Hemoglobin, 1977;1(8):747-57.

PMID: 604313

The trait condition for hemoglobin Tak, was found in a 4-day old newborn Malay who suffered from severe neonatal jaundice. The beta chain of the abnormal hemoglobin was elongated by 11 residues at the C-terminus and had the same structure as reported for Hb Tak. The mother was heterozygous for this abnormal hemoglobin, the father was normal. The mother and child, 4 years later, did not show clinical or hematological symptoms except definitely increased resistance of their erythrocytes to hypotonic saline solutions and slight anisopoikilocytosis. The abnormal gene in the two reported Thai families and in our Malay family may have the same origin.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/isolation & purification*; Peptides/isolation & purification

Fulltext Viral persistence in colorectal cancer cells infected by Newcastle disease virus

Chia SL, Yusoff K, Shafee N

Virol J, 2014 May 16;11:91.

PMID: 24886301 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-11-91

BACKGROUND: Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, is a candidate virotherapy agent in cancer treatment. Promising responses were observed in clinical studies. Despite its high potential, the possibility of the virus to develop a persistent form of infection in cancer cells has not been investigated. Occurrence of persistent infection by NDV in cancer cells may cause the cells to be less susceptible to the virus killing. This would give rise to a population of cancer cells that remains viable and resistant to treatment.

RESULTS: During infection experiment in a series of colorectal cancer cell lines, we adventitiously observed a development of persistent infection by NDV in SW480 cells, but not in other cell lines tested. This cell population, designated as SW480P, showed resistancy towards NDV killing in a re-infection experiment. The SW480P cells retained NDV genome and produced virus progeny with reduced plaque forming ability.

CONCLUSION: These observations showed that NDV could develop persistent infection in cancer cells and this factor needs to be taken into consideration when using NDV in clinical settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification; Oncolytic Viruses/isolation & purification

A microfilaria from a domestic fowl in Rantau Panjang, Selangor State, West Malaysia

Dissanaike AS, Fernando MA, Poopalachelvam M

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1974 Sep;5(3):457.

PMID: 4432108

Matched MeSH terms: Microfilaria/isolation & purification; Plasmodium/isolation & purification*

Further stages of the "sporozoan" from the moon rat Echinosorex gymnurus, and its possible connection with Sarcocystis

Dissanaike AS, Lim BL, Poopalachelvam M

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1974 Sep;5(3):456-7.

PMID: 4215149

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcocystis/isolation & purification; Apicomplexa/isolation & purification*

Liver flukes in dogs

Retnasabapathy A, Baskaran G

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1974 Sep;5(3):459.

PMID: 4432112

Matched MeSH terms: Opisthorchis/isolation & purification; Trematoda/isolation & purification*

Leaching of bisphenol A from new and old babies' bottles, and new babies' feeding teats

Tan BL, Mustafa AM

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2003;15(2):118-23.

PMID: 15038686

Bisphenol A is the monomer used in the manufacture of polycarbonate. Bisphenol A is also known to mimic the female hormone estrogen. In this study, the possibility of the leaching of bisphenol A from polycarbonate babies' bottles and feeding teats was investigated. Bisphenol A was extracted from water samples exposed to the bottles and teats using liquid-liquid extraction. Bisphenol A was analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer with quadrapole detector in selected ion monitoring mode. Mean leaching of bisphenol A from 100 used babies' bottles when filled with water at 25 degrees C and 80 degrees C were 0.71 +/- 1.65 ng/cm2 (mean +/- standard deviation) and 3.37 +/- 5.68 ng/cm2 respectively. Mean leaching of bisphenol A from 30 new babies' bottles when filled with water at 25 degrees C and 80 degrees C were 0.03 +/- 0.02 ng/cm2 and 0.18 degrees 0.30 ng/cm2 respectively. Bisphenol A was observed to have leached from babies' feeding teats into 37 degrees C water ranged from non-detectable to 22.86 ng/g. The technique employed in this study is fast, reliable and economical.

Matched MeSH terms: Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification*; Phenols/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Detection of Wolbachia in Aedes albopictus and Their Effects on Chikungunya Virus

Ahmad NA, Vythilingam I, Lim YAL, Zabari NZAM, Lee HL

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2017 Jan 11;96(1):148-156.

PMID: 27920393 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0516

Wolbachia-based vector control strategies have been proposed as a means to augment the currently existing measures for controlling dengue and chikungunya vectors. Prior to utilizing Wolbachia as a novel vector control strategy, it is crucial to understand the Wolbachia-mosquito interactions. In this study, field surveys were conducted to screen for the infection status of Wolbachia in field-collected Aedes albopictus The effects of Wolbachia in its native host toward the replication and dissemination of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was also studied. The prevalence of Wolbachia-infected field-collected Ae. albopictus was estimated to be 98.6% (N = 142) for females and 95.1% (N = 102) for males in the population studied. The Ae. albopictus were naturally infected with both wAlbA and wAlbB strains. We also found that the native Wolbachia has no impact on CHIKV infection and minimal effect on CHIKV dissemination to secondary organs.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*; Wolbachia/isolation & purification*

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