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Fulltext Non-Mixture Cure Model Estimation in Bladder Cancer Patients: A Novel Approach with Exponentiated Weibull Exponential Distribution

Omer ME, Mustafa M, Ali N, Abd Rahman NH

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2023 Dec 01;24(12):4167-4177.
PMID: 38156852 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.12.4167

OBJECTIVE: Cure models are frequently used in survival analysis to account for a cured fraction in the data. When there is a cure rate present, researchers often prefer cure models over parametric models to analyse the survival data. These models enable the ability to define the probability distribution of survival durations for patients who are at risk. Various distributions can be considered for the survival times, such as Exponentiated Weibull Exponential (EWE), Exponential Exponential (EE), Weibull and lognormal distribution. The objective of this research is to choose the most appropriate distribution that accurately represents the survival times of patients who have not been cured. This will be accomplished by comparing various non-mixture cure models that are based on the EWE distribution with its sub-distributions, and distributions distinct from those belonging to the EWE distribution family.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 85 patients diagnosed with superficial bladder tumours was selected to be used in fitting the non-mixture cure model. In order to estimate the parameters of the suggested model, which takes into account the presence of a cure rate, censored data, and covariates, we utilized the maximum likelihood estimation technique using R software version 3.5.7.
RESULT: Upon conducting a comparison of various parametric models fitted to the data, both with and without considering the cure fraction and without incorporating any predictors, the EE distribution yields the lowest AIC, BIC, and HQIC values among all the distributions considered in this study, (1191.921/1198.502, 1201.692/1203.387, 1195.851/1200.467). Furthermore, when considering a non-mixture cure model utilizing the EE distribution along with covariates, an estimated ratio was obtained between the probabilities of being cured for placebo and thiotepa groups (and its 95% confidence intervals) were 0.76130 (0.13914, 6.81863).
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that EE distribution is the optimal selection for determining the duration of survival in individuals diagnosed with bladder cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Under threat: the International AIDS Society-Lancet Commission on Health and Human Rights

Beyrer C, Kamarulzaman A, Isbell M, Amon J, Baral S, Bassett MT, et al.

Lancet, 2024 Apr 06;403(10434):1374-1418.
PMID: 38522449 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00302-7
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Prediction of dengue cases using the attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM) approach

Majeed MA, Shafri HZM, Wayayok A, Zulkafli Z

Geospat Health, 2023 May 25;18(1).
PMID: 37246539 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2023.1176

This research proposes a 'temporal attention' addition for long-short term memory (LSTM) models for dengue prediction. The number of monthly dengue cases was collected for each of five Malaysian states i.e. Selangor, Kelantan, Johor, Pulau Pinang, and Melaka from 2011 to 2016. Climatic, demographic, geographic and temporal attributes were used as covariates. The proposed LSTM models with temporal attention was compared with several benchmark models including a linear support vector machine (LSVM), a radial basis function support vector machine (RBFSVM), a decision tree (DT), a shallow neural network (SANN) and a deep neural network (D-ANN). In addition, experiments were conducted to analyze the impact of look-back settings on each model performance. The results showed that the attention LSTM (A-LSTM) model performed best, with the stacked, attention LSTM (SA-LSTM) one in second place. The LSTM and stacked LSTM (S-LSTM) models performed almost identically but with the accuracy improved by the attention mechanism was added. Indeed, they were both found to be superior to the benchmark models mentioned above. The best results were obtained when all attributes were included in the model. The four models (LSTM, S-LSTM, A-LSTM and SA-LSTM) were able to accurately predict dengue presence 1-6 months ahead. Our findings provide a more accurate dengue prediction model than previously used, with the prospect of also applying this approach in other geographic areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Mental fatigue in golf: A systematic review

Pan X, Soh KG, Jaafar WMW, Soh KL, Deng N, Cao S, et al.

PLoS One, 2025;20(2):e0310403.
PMID: 39977446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310403

Mental fatigue, or cognitive fatigue, is a multi-aspect of exhaustion resulting from prolonged engagement in mentally demanding tasks, characterized by diminished energy, mental exhaustion, and distraction, which can adversely impact various aspects of golfers' performance. However, there are still limited systematic reviews on the interaction between mental fatigue and athletes' performance in golf. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between mental fatigue and golf and demonstrate the current state of research and characterization of research in the field. The systematic review was conducted using a PRISMA flow chart, with thorough literature searches across PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. The quality of the literature was assessed using Qualsyst. The study summarized findings from 10 articles on the interaction between mental fatigue and athletes' performance in golf. It indicates that mental fatigue is influenced by factors such as duration of play and walking distance, with prolonged golf tasks inducing mental fatigue. Mental fatigue directly affects golf performance, including the overall score for 18 holes, iron club accuracy, drive distance, and especially impacts putting performance. However, the results of these studies are limited and one-sided because studies conducted on driving ranges or in laboratories focus only on putting performance and ignore other golf skills. The study on the effects of mental fatigue on iron accuracy and driving distance was conducted under competitive conditions on an outdoor golf course, making it impossible to eliminate confounding factors. The lack of intervention studies on other specific golf skills may limit a comprehensive understanding of the impact of mental fatigue on golf performance. Trial registration Systematic Review Registration: [https://inplasy.com/][INPLASY202410111].

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Female urethral diverticulum complicated with urethral calculi

Noor Affendi NF, Mohd Yusoff F, Ghazali H, Abd Kadir NJ

BMJ Case Rep, 2025 Feb 11;18(2).
PMID: 39933841 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-264043

Female urethral diverticulum is a rare phenomenon, which is often discovered due to its associated complications. Delayed diagnosis is not uncommon due to the varied non-specific symptoms and clinical features. We are highlighting a case of female urethral diverticulum complicated with urethral calculi. She had recurrent lower urinary tract symptoms for the past 3 years and presented with recent dyspareunia. Transvaginal diverticulectomy and local extraction of the calculi successfully treated the condition. A high index of suspicion is required to successfully diagnose this condition early, not only for symptom relief but also to prevent complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Cognitive criteria in HIV: greater consensus is needed

Cysique LA, Brew BJ, Bruning J, Byrd D, Costello J, Daken K, et al.

Nat Rev Neurol, 2024 Feb;20(2):127-128.
PMID: 38228906 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00927-1
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext DNA encoding schemes herald a new age in cybersecurity for safeguarding digital assets

Aqeel S, Khan SU, Khan AS, Alharbi M, Shah S, Affendi ME, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Jun 15;14(1):13839.
PMID: 38879689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64419-4

With the urge to secure and protect digital assets, there is a need to emphasize the immediacy of taking measures to ensure robust security due to the enhancement of cyber security. Different advanced methods, like encryption schemes, are vulnerable to putting constraints on attacks. To encode the digital data and utilize the unique properties of DNA, like stability and durability, synthetic DNA sequences are offered as a promising alternative by DNA encoding schemes. This study enlightens the exploration of DNA's potential for encoding in evolving cyber security. Based on the systematic literature review, this paper provides a discussion on the challenges, pros, and directions for future work. We analyzed the current trends and new innovations in methodology, security attacks, the implementation of tools, and different metrics to measure. Various tools, such as Mathematica, MATLAB, NIST test suite, and Coludsim, were employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and obtain results. By identifying the strengths and limitations of proposed methods, the study highlights research challenges and offers future scope for investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalisation of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): report from a tertiary hospital during the peak of the pandemic

Chuah SL, Teh CL, Wan Mohd Akbar SA, Cheong YK, Sachdev Manjit Singh B

Ann Rheum Dis, 2022 Aug;81(8):e144.
PMID: 32788397 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218475
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Response to: 'Clinical features of patients with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19 infection in Sarawak, Malaysia' by Wan et al

Zhong J, Dong L

Ann Rheum Dis, 2022 Aug;81(8):e149.
PMID: 32709678 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218441
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of adverse reactions after TACE for primary hepatic carcinoma: Effect, mechanism, and potential advantages

Li HB, Huang L, Ni JY, Lin RY, Xi SY

Phytomedicine, 2024 Dec;135:156244.
PMID: 39556987 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156244

Primary hepatic carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors. China is a major country for liver cancer, accounting for about 50 % of the patients worldwide. Although there are a variety of treatments for primary hepatic carcinoma, chemotherapy remains an important method, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a commonly used local chemotherapy. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic measures to target adverse reactions generated after chemoembolization. A new approach is needed to alleviate post-TACE syndrome. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can reduce adverse reactions and improve clinical efficacy when combined with primary hepatic carcinoma treatment. This suggests that traditional Chinese medicine plays an important and irreplaceable role in alleviating adverse reactions after TACE. However, there is still a need for high-quality experimental and clinical studies to obtain evidence of effective treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Drug modifications: graphene oxide-chitosan loading enhanced anti-amoebic effects of pentamidine and doxycycline

Jabri T, Daalah M, Alawfi BS, Gul J, Ahmed U, Shah MR, et al.

Parasitol Res, 2024 Nov 20;123(11):387.
PMID: 39565414 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08389-6

Acanthamoeba castellanii is the causative pathogen of a severe eye infection, known as Acanthamoeba keratitis and a life-threatening brain infection, named granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Current treatments are problematic and costly and exhibit limited efficacy against Acanthamoeba parasite, especially the cyst stage. In parallel to drug discovery and drug repurposing efforts, drug modification is also an important approach to tackle infections, especially against neglected parasites such as free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba. In this study, we determined whether modifying pentamidine and doxycycline through chitosan-functionalized graphene oxide loading enhances their anti-amoebic effects. Various concentrations of doxycycline, pentamidine, graphene oxide, chitosan-functionalized graphene oxide, and chitosan-functionalized graphene oxide loaded with doxycycline and pentamidine were investigated for amoebicidal effects against pathogenic A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. Lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to determine toxic effects of these various drugs and nanoconjugates against human cells. The findings revealed that chitosan-functionalized graphene oxide loaded with doxycycline demonstrated potent amoebicidal effects. Nanomaterials significantly (p

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Out-of-Pocket Cost for Transfusion-Dependent Thalassaemia in Sabah

Liew AC, Shafie AA, Tan BY

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2023 Sep;35(6-7):453-455.
PMID: 37649258 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231197909
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Alcohol: K-Dramas, COVID-19, and Long-Term Effects

Binns C, Low WY

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2023 May;35(4):241-243.
PMID: 37202919 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231174135
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Coronavirus Vaccination for Rohingya Refugees: A Call to Action

Rabby MII, Hossain F, Akhi IJ, Huda SN

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2022 01;34(1):148.
PMID: 34550014 DOI: 10.1177/10105395211048327
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Dengue Trend During COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

Ahmad Zaki R, Xin NZ

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2023 Jan;35(1):62-64.
PMID: 36341513 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221134655
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Controversial terminology in root and canal anatomy: A comprehensive review

Ahmed HMA, Keleş A, Wolf TG, Nagendrababu V, Duncan HF, Peters OA, et al.

Eur Endod J, 2024 Dec 20;9(4):308-334.
PMID: 39501764 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2024.20981

Discipline-specific terminology is a central element of the vocabulary used by dentists and scientists in the context of their professional activities and plays a critical role in the understanding of dentistry. A number of controversial terms and non-standardized definitions exist in the field of endodontology. For example, in root and canal anatomy, variations exist in the definitions of root morphology (including apical bifurcation, fusion and dilaceration), pulp chamber anatomy (including the outline of the floor, pulp horns and location of the root canal orifice), apical root canal bifurcations, canal isthmuses, accessory canals and apical foramen. This narrative review provides a critical analysis of a range of controversial terms currently used to describe root and canal anatomy. It also addresses the consequences of using such controversial terms on the accuracy and reliability of research findings and clinical practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Current strategies to address data scarcity in artificial intelligence-based drug discovery: A comprehensive review

Gangwal A, Ansari A, Ahmad I, Azad AK, Wan Sulaiman WMA

Comput Biol Med, 2024 Sep;179:108734.
PMID: 38964243 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108734

Artificial intelligence (AI) has played a vital role in computer-aided drug design (CADD). This development has been further accelerated with the increasing use of machine learning (ML), mainly deep learning (DL), and computing hardware and software advancements. As a result, initial doubts about the application of AI in drug discovery have been dispelled, leading to significant benefits in medicinal chemistry. At the same time, it is crucial to recognize that AI is still in its infancy and faces a few limitations that need to be addressed to harness its full potential in drug discovery. Some notable limitations are insufficient, unlabeled, and non-uniform data, the resemblance of some AI-generated molecules with existing molecules, unavailability of inadequate benchmarks, intellectual property rights (IPRs) related hurdles in data sharing, poor understanding of biology, focus on proxy data and ligands, lack of holistic methods to represent input (molecular structures) to prevent pre-processing of input molecules (feature engineering), etc. The major component in AI infrastructure is input data, as most of the successes of AI-driven efforts to improve drug discovery depend on the quality and quantity of data, used to train and test AI algorithms, besides a few other factors. Additionally, data-gulping DL approaches, without sufficient data, may collapse to live up to their promise. Current literature suggests a few methods, to certain extent, effectively handle low data for better output from the AI models in the context of drug discovery. These are transferring learning (TL), active learning (AL), single or one-shot learning (OSL), multi-task learning (MTL), data augmentation (DA), data synthesis (DS), etc. One different method, which enables sharing of proprietary data on a common platform (without compromising data privacy) to train ML model, is federated learning (FL). In this review, we compare and discuss these methods, their recent applications, and limitations while modeling small molecule data to get the improved output of AI methods in drug discovery. Article also sums up some other novel methods to handle inadequate data.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Does music counteract mental fatigue? A systematic review

Ding C, Kim Geok S, Sun H, Roslan S, Cao S, Zhao Y

PLoS One, 2025;20(1):e0316252.
PMID: 39752412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316252

INTRODUCTION: Mental fatigue, a psychobiological state induced by prolonged and sustained cognitive tasks, impairs both cognitive and physical performance. Several studies have investigated strategies to counteract mental fatigue. However, potential health risks and contextual restrictions often limit these strategies, which hinder their practical application. Due to its noninvasive and portable nature, music has been proposed as a promising strategy to counteract mental fatigue. However, the effects of music on performance decrements vary with different music styles. Synthesizing studies that systematically report music style and its impact on counteracting performance decrements is crucial for theoretical and practical applications.
OBJECTIVES: This review aims to provide a comprehensive systematic analysis of different music styles in counteracting mental fatigue and their effects on performance decrements induced by mental fatigue. Additionally, the mechanisms by which music counteracts mental fatigue will be discussed.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases-Web of Science, PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus via EBSCOhost, and the Psychological and Behavioral Sciences Collection via EBSCOhost-up to November 18, 2023. The selected studies focused solely on music interventions, with outcomes including subjective feelings of mental fatigue, physiological markers, and both cognitive and behavioral performance.
RESULTS: Nine studies met the predetermined criteria for inclusion in this review. The types of music interventions that counteract mental fatigue include relaxing, exciting, and personal preference music, all of which were associated with decreased subjective feelings of mental fatigue and changes in objective physiological markers. Cognitive performance, particularly in inhibition and working memory tasks impaired by mental fatigue, was countered by both relaxing and exciting music. Exciting music was found to decrease reaction time more effectively than relaxing music in working memory tasks. The physiological marker of steady-state visually evoked potential-based brain-computer interface (SSVEP-BCI) amplitude increased, confirming that exciting music counteracts mental fatigue more effectively than relaxing music. Behavioral performance in tasks such as arm-pointing, the Yo-Yo intermittent test, and the 5 km time-trial, which were impaired by mental fatigue, were counteracted by personal preference music.
CONCLUSION: Relaxing music, exciting music, and personal preference music effectively counteract mental fatigue by reducing feelings of fatigue and mitigating performance decrements. Individuals engaged in mentally demanding tasks can effectively counteract concurrent or subsequent cognitive performance decrements by simultaneously listening to relaxing or exciting music without lyrics or by using music during recovery from mental fatigue. Exciting music is more effective than relaxing music in counteracting mental fatigue. Personal preference music is effective in counteracting behavioral performance decrements in motor control and endurance tasks. Mentally fatigued individuals could apply personal preference music to counteract subsequent motor control performance decrements or simultaneously listen to it to counteract endurance performance decrements. Future studies should specify and examine the effects of different music genres, tempos, and intensities in counteracting mental fatigue. Additionally, the role of music in counteracting mental fatigue in contexts such as work productivity, traffic accident risk, and sports requires further investigation, along with the underlying mechanisms.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Global prevalence of urinary tract infection in pregnant mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Salari N, Khoshbakht Y, Hemmati M, Khodayari Y, Khaleghi AA, Jafari F, et al.

Public Health, 2023 Nov;224:58-65.
PMID: 37734277 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.016

OBJECTIVE: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a prevalent infection during pregnancy that can lead to complications for both the mother and the foetus. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the global prevalence of UTIs (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) during pregnancy, based on previous studies in this area. Furthermore, this study aims to identify any factors that contribute to heterogeneity in the prevalence of UTIs during pregnancy.
STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines on August 8, 2022. To conduct the systematic review and meta-analysis, a search was performed using the keywords "urinary tract system", "UTI", "pregnancy", and "gestation" was performed in several databases, including Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Google Scholar, without a time limit until September 18, 2022. The analysis was performed using a random-effects model, and the heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I2 index. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2) was used for data analysis.
RESULTS: The systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 studies, which included a total of 30,641 pregnant women, showed an overall prevalence of UTI (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) to be 23.9% (95% confidence interval: 16.2-33.8). Meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the impact of two factors, namely study sample size and study year, on the heterogeneity of the meta-analysis. The results revealed that an increase in sample size, and the study year was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of UTI in pregnant women (P

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Response to the letter regarding "Differences in progressive supranuclear palsy in patients of Asian ancestry?"

Lim SY, Pajo AT, Dy Closas AMF, Hor JW, Toh TS, Ngim SJ, et al.

Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2025 Jan;130:107162.
PMID: 39406616 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107162

Recent studies highlight an over-representation of progressive supranuclear palsy, with atypical features, in South Asians. We offer additional insights, including an over-representation of PSP among Malaysian patients of Indian compared to other Asian ancestries. However, RBD symptoms, hallucinations, and early onset were not more frequent in Indians vs. Chinese.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

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