MyMedR

Fulltext A boy with bluish neck swelling on screaming

Mohamad I, Abdul Karim AH, Mohamad H

Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(1):50-1.

Fulltext A thyroid mass that moves with tongue protrusion: An ectopic thyroid gland

Yaroko AA, Mohamad I, Abdul Karim AH, Wan Abdul Rahman WF

Malays Fam Physician, 2014;9(2):61-3.

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is a developmental anomaly that usually appears in early childhood. The common presentation is midline swelling of the neck, which moves with both tongue protrusion and deglutition. Diagnosis is usually clinical and radiological. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be used as a tool for the exclusion of malignancy in adult patients. In some cases thyroid scan is done to rule out the presence or absence of the normal thyroid gland. A complete work-up is mandatory before cyst removal given that it contains only thyroid tissue. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman with only thyroid tissue in thyroglossal duct cyst.

Decoding of visual information from human brain activity: A review of fMRI and EEG studies

Zafar R, Malik AS, Kamel N, Dass SC, Abdullah JM, Reza F, et al.

J Integr Neurosci, 2015 Jun;14(2):155-68.

PMID: 25939499 DOI: 10.1142/S0219635215500089

Brain is the command center for the body and contains a lot of information which can be extracted by using different non-invasive techniques. Electroencephalography (EEG), Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are the most common neuroimaging techniques to elicit brain behavior. By using these techniques different activity patterns can be measured within the brain to decode the content of mental processes especially the visual and auditory content. This paper discusses the models and imaging techniques used in visual decoding to investigate the different conditions of brain along with recent advancements in brain decoding. This paper concludes that it's not possible to extract all the information from the brain, however careful experimentation, interpretation and powerful statistical tools can be used with the neuroimaging techniques for better results.

Unifying the seeds auto-generation (SAGE) with knee cartilage segmentation framework: data from the osteoarthritis initiative

Gan HS, Sayuti KA, Ramlee MH, Lee YS, Wan Mahmud WMH, Abdul Karim AH

Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg, 2019 May;14(5):755-762.

PMID: 30859457 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-019-01936-y

PURPOSE: Manual segmentation is sensitive to operator bias, while semiautomatic random walks segmentation offers an intuitive approach to understand the user knowledge at the expense of large amount of user input. In this paper, we propose a novel random walks seed auto-generation (SAGE) hybrid model that is robust to interobserver error and intensive user intervention.

METHODS: Knee image is first oversegmented to produce homogeneous superpixels. Then, a ranking model is developed to rank the superpixels according to their affinities to standard priors, wherein background superpixels would have lower ranking values. Finally, seed labels are generated on the background superpixel using Fuzzy C-Means method.

RESULTS: SAGE has achieved better interobserver DSCs of 0.94 ± 0.029 and 0.93 ± 0.035 in healthy and OA knee segmentation, respectively. Good segmentation performance has been reported in femoral (Healthy: 0.94 ± 0.036 and OA: 0.93 ± 0.034), tibial (Healthy: 0.91 ± 0.079 and OA: 0.88 ± 0.095) and patellar (Healthy: 0.88 ± 0.10 and OA: 0.84 ± 0.094) cartilage segmentation. Besides, SAGE has demonstrated greater mean readers' time of 80 ± 19 s and 80 ± 27 s in healthy and OA knee segmentation, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: SAGE enhances the efficiency of segmentation process and attains satisfactory segmentation performance compared to manual and random walks segmentation. Future works should validate SAGE on progressive image data cohort using OA biomarkers.

Fulltext MR Volumetry of Hippocampus in Normal Adult Malay of Age 50 Years Old and Above

Embong MF, Yaacob R, Abdullah MS, Abdul Karim AH, Ghazali AK, Jalaluddin WM

Malays J Med Sci, 2013 Jul;20(4):25-31.

PMID: 24043993 MyJurnal

Hippocampal volume is affected by several psychiatric illnesses of old age, as well as by normal aging. It is important to have a normal data in a population to assist in diagnosis. The aim of this study is to determine hippocampal volume in normal Malay people aged 50 years old and older.

Fulltext Normalised MRI Volumetry of the Hippocampus among Normal Malay Children and Adolescents

Jalaluddin WM, Mat Jusoh N, Ali Basahai IA, Abdullah MS, Abdul Karim AH, Gazali AK

Malays J Med Sci, 2013 Jan;20(1):31-8.

PMID: 23785253 MyJurnal

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive method for determining brain morphology and volumetry. Hippocampal volume changes are observed in conjunction with several diseases. This study aimed to determine the normalised volume of the hippocampus in normal Malay children and adolescents.

Interactive knee cartilage extraction using efficient segmentation software: data from the osteoarthritis initiative

Gan HS, Tan TS, Wong LX, Tham WK, Sayuti KA, Abdul Karim AH, et al.

Biomed Mater Eng, 2014;24(6):3145-57.

PMID: 25227024 DOI: 10.3233/BME-141137

In medical image segmentation, manual segmentation is considered both labor- and time-intensive while automated segmentation often fails to segment anatomically intricate structure accordingly. Interactive segmentation can tackle shortcomings reported by previous segmentation approaches through user intervention. To better reflect user intention, development of suitable editing functions is critical. In this paper, we propose an interactive knee cartilage extraction software that covers three important features: intuitiveness, speed, and convenience. The segmentation is performed using multi-label random walks algorithm. Our segmentation software is simple to use, intuitive to normal and osteoarthritic image segmentation and efficient using only two third of manual segmentation's time. Future works will extend this software to three dimensional segmentation and quantitative analysis.

Fulltext Medical image visual appearance improvement using bihistogram Bezier curve contrast enhancement: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

Gan HS, Swee TT, Abdul Karim AH, Sayuti KA, Abdul Kadir MR, Tham WK, et al.

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:294104.

PMID: 24977191 DOI: 10.1155/2014/294104

Well-defined image can assist user to identify region of interest during segmentation. However, complex medical image is usually characterized by poor tissue contrast and low background luminance. The contrast improvement can lift image visual quality, but the fundamental contrast enhancement methods often overlook the sudden jump problem. In this work, the proposed bihistogram Bezier curve contrast enhancement introduces the concept of "adequate contrast enhancement" to overcome sudden jump problem in knee magnetic resonance image. Since every image produces its own intensity distribution, the adequate contrast enhancement checks on the image's maximum intensity distortion and uses intensity discrepancy reduction to generate Bezier transform curve. The proposed method improves tissue contrast and preserves pertinent knee features without compromising natural image appearance. Besides, statistical results from Fisher's Least Significant Difference test and the Duncan test have consistently indicated that the proposed method outperforms fundamental contrast enhancement methods to exalt image visual quality. As the study is limited to relatively small image database, future works will include a larger dataset with osteoarthritic images to assess the clinical effectiveness of the proposed method to facilitate the image inspection.

Fulltext Data on LC-MS profile of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. and the NMR data of its major indole alkaloids

Mohd Yousof NSA, Mohmad Misnan N, Abdul Karim AH, Zainol M, Mohd Abd Razak MR, Md Jelas NH, et al.

Data Brief, 2024 Feb;52:109895.

PMID: 38161655 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109895

This article presents two types of phytochemical data obtained from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. roots, a medicinal plant belonging to the Simaroubaceae family. The high-resolution LC-MS dataset comprised the chemical profile of dichloromethane extract, which was utilised to annotate 35 chemical constituents. For annotations, the measured spectral data were compared with the in-silico spectral data generated from 920 molecular structures previously reported in Simaroubaceae. Indole alkaloids, quassinoids, aliphatics and lignan were the chemical groups identified in the root extract. The second dataset provides NMR spectra (1H, 13C, COSY, HMQC and HMBC) for the six indole alkaloids previously detected in LC-MS analysis and isolated through centrifugal partition chromatography. The chemical structures of all compounds were confirmed based on NMR data as bruceolline J (compound 7), canthin-6-one-N-oxide (compound 10), bruceolline E (compound 15), 5-methoxycanthin-6-one (compound 16), canthin-6-one (compound 20), and 1‑hydroxy-11-methoxycanthin-6-one (compound 22). This phytochemical data was generated to support an ongoing anti-cancer and anti-dengue study.

Fulltext Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Channa striatus Extract on Measurement of the Uterus, Pulsatility Index, Resistive Index of Uterine Artery and Superficial Skin Wound Artery in Post Lower Segment Caesarean Section Women

Abu Bakar MR, Abdul Kadir A, Abdul Wahab SZ, Abdul Karim AH, Nik Hussain NH, Mohd Noor N, et al.

PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0133514.

PMID: 26222158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133514

AIM: To compare the mean of anteroposterior (AP) measurements of the uterus in longitudinal and oblique transverse planes, and the pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) of the uterine artery and superficial skin wound artery between patients taking Channa striatus and placebo.

BACKGROUND: Channa striatus, also known as haruan, is a fresh water snakehead fish consumed in many parts of Southeast Asia. Channa striatus is also normally consumed by women postpartum to promote wound healing as well as to reduce post-operative pain.

METHODOLOGY: This study is a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in women after Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS). Subjects were randomised to either a Channa striatus or a placebo group and were given a daily dosage of 500 mg of Channa striatus extract or 500 mg maltodextrin, respectively, for six weeks post LSCS. The anteroposterior measurements of the uterus in the longitudinal and oblique transverse planes, and the pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) of the uterine and superficial skin wound arteries were assessed using pelvic Gray-scale ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound at baseline (Day 3) and at two weeks, four weeks and six weeks post-operatively.

RESULTS: Sixty-six subjects were randomised into the study with 33 in the Channa striatus group and 33 in the placebo group. No significant differences were detected in terms of the pulsatility index (PI) and the resistive index (RI) of the uterine and superficial skin wound arteries between the Channa striatus and placebo groups. However, in the Channa striatus group, the AP measurements of the uterus on the longitudinal and oblique transverse planes were significantly lower compared to the placebo group (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Daily intake of Channa striatus extract results in marked differences compared to placebo in terms of uterine involution and recovery in women post LSCS.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.isrctn.com 11960786.

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