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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Disadvantaged Adolescents: Results from a Population-Based Study in Bangladesh

Nasreen HE, Alam MA, Edhborg M

J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs, 2016 Aug 23.
PMID: 27553260 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12150

Few studies have examined the adolescents' depression in low-income countries and no research has yet been carried out in Bangladesh. This study estimated the prevalence of depressive symptoms and explored the associated factors and help seeking behavior among adolescents in Bangladesh.
Fulltext Effect of salinity on biomass yield and physiological and stem-root anatomical characteristics of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions

Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Abdul Hamid A

Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:105695.
PMID: 25802833 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105695

13 selected purslane accessions were subjected to five salinity levels 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 dS m(-1). Salinity effect was evaluated on the basis of biomass yield reduction, physiological attributes, and stem-root anatomical changes. Aggravated salinity stress caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in all measured parameters and the highest salinity showed more detrimental effect compared to control as well as lower salinity levels. The fresh and dry matter production was found to increase in Ac1, Ac9, and Ac13 from lower to higher salinity levels but others were badly affected. Considering salinity effect on purslane physiology, increase in chlorophyll content was seen in Ac2, Ac4, Ac6, and Ac8 at 16 dS m(-1) salinity, whereas Ac4, Ac9, and Ac12 showed increased photosynthesis at the same salinity levels compared to control. Anatomically, stem cortical tissues of Ac5, Ac9, and Ac12 were unaffected at control and 8 dS m(-1) salinity but root cortical tissues did not show any significant damage except a bit enlargement in Ac12 and Ac13. A dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA based on biomass yield and physiological traits where all 13 accessions were grouped into 5 clusters proving greater diversity among them. The 3-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) has also confirmed the output of grouping from cluster analysis. Overall, salinity stressed among all 13 purslane accessions considering biomass production, physiological growth, and anatomical development Ac9 was the best salt-tolerant purslane accession and Ac13 was the most affected accession.
Genetic diversity analysis among collected purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions using ISSR markers

Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Hamid AA, Arolu IW, Abdul Latif M

C. R. Biol., 2015 Jan;338(1):1-11.
PMID: 25468001 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.10.007

Genetic diversity and relationships among 45 collected purslane accessions were evaluated using ISSR markers. The 28 primers gave a total of 167 bands, among which 163 were polymorphic (97.6%). The genetic diversity as estimated by Shannon's information index was 0.513, revealing a quite high level of genetic diversity in the germplasm. The average number of observed allele, effective allele, expected heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (PIC) and Nei's index were 5.96, 1.59, 0.43, 0.35 and 0.35, respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distance grouped the whole germplasm into 7 distinct clusters. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 89% of total variation occurred within population, while 11% were found among populations. Based on the constructed dendrogram using ISSR markers those accessions that are far from each other by virtue of genetic origin and diversity index (like Ac1 and Ac42; Ac19 and Ac45; Ac9 and Ac23; Ac18 and A25; Ac24 and Ac18) are strongly recommended to select as parent for future breeding program to develop high yielding and stress tolerant purslane variety in contribution to global food security.
Fulltext Screening of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions for high salt tolerance

Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Hamid AA, Aslani F

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:627916.
PMID: 25003141 DOI: 10.1155/2014/627916

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an herbaceous leafy vegetable crop, comparatively more salt-tolerant than any other vegetables with high antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins. Salt-tolerant crop variety development is of importance due to inadequate cultivable land and escalating salinity together with population pressure. In this view a total of 25 purslane accessions were initially selected from 45 collected purslane accessions based on better growth performance and subjected to 5 different salinity levels, that is, 0.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, and 40.0 dS m(-1) NaCl. Plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, and dry matter contents in salt treated purslane accessions were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) and the enormity of reduction increased with increasing salinity stress. Based on dry matter yield reduction, among all 25 purslane accessions 2 accessions were graded as tolerant (Ac7 and Ac9), 6 accessions were moderately tolerant (Ac3, Ac5, Ac6, Ac10, Ac11, and Ac12), 5 accessions were moderately susceptible (Ac1, Ac2, Ac4, Ac8, and Ac13), and the remaining 12 accessions were susceptible to salinity stress and discarded from further study. The selected 13 purslane accessions could assist in the identification of superior genes for salt tolerance in purslane for improving its productivity and sustainable agricultural production.
Curve Fitting for Damage Evolution through Regression Analysis for the Kachanov-Rabotnov Model to the Norton-Bailey Creep Law of SS-316 Material

Sattar M, Othman AR, Akhtar M, Kamaruddin S, Khan R, Masood F, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2021 Sep 23;14(19).
PMID: 34639910 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195518

In a number of circumstances, the Kachanov-Rabotnov isotropic creep damage constitutive model has been utilized to assess the creep deformation of high-temperature components. Secondary creep behavior is usually studied using analytical methods, whereas tertiary creep damage constants are determined by the combination of experiments and numerical optimization. To obtain the tertiary creep damage constants, these methods necessitate extensive computational effort and time to determine the tertiary creep damage constants. In this study, a curve-fitting technique was proposed for applying the Kachanov-Rabotnov model into the built-in Norton-Bailey model in Abaqus. It extrapolates the creep behaviour by fitting the Kachanov-Rabotnov model to the limited creep data obtained from the Omega-Norton-Bailey regression model and then simulates beyond the available data points. Through the Omega creep model, several creep strain rates for SS-316 were calculated using API-579/ASME FFS-1 standards. These are dependent on the type of the material, the flow stress, and the temperature. In the present work, FEA creep assessment was carried out on the SS-316 dog bone specimen, which was used as a material coupon to forecast time-dependent permanent plastic deformation as well as creep behavior at elevated temperatures and under uniform stress. The model was validated with the help of published experimental creep test data, and data optimization for sensitivity study was conducted by applying response surface methodology (RSM) and ANOVA techniques. The results showed that the specimen underwent secondary creep deformation for most of the analysis period. Hence, the method is useful in predicting the complete creep behavior of the material and in generating a creep curve.
Fulltext Increased yield performance of mutation induced Soybean genotypes at varied agro-ecological conditions

Bhuiyan MSH, Malek MA, Emon RM, Khatun MK, Khandaker MM, Alam MA

Braz J Biol, 2022;84:e255235.
PMID: 35019108 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255235

In soybean breeding program, continuous selection pressure on traits response to yield created a genetic bottleneck for improvements of soybean through hybridization breeding technique. Therefore an initiative was taken to developed high yielding soybean variety applying mutation breeding techniques at Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh. Locally available popular cultivar BARI Soybean-5 was used as a parent material and subjected to five different doses of Gamma ray using Co60. In respect to seed yield and yield attributing characters, twelve true breed mutants were selected from M4 generation. High values of heritability and genetic advance with high genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for plant height, branch number and pod number were considered as favorable attributes for soybean improvement that ensure expected yield. The mutant SBM-18 obtained from 250Gy provided stable yield performance at diversified environments. It provided maximum seed yield of 3056 kg ha-1 with highest number of pods plant-1 (56). The National Seed Board of Bangladesh (NSB) eventually approved SBM-18 and registered it as a new soybean variety named 'Binasoybean-5' for large-scale planting because of its superior stability in various agro-ecological zones and consistent yield performance.
Fulltext Salinity-induced changes in the morphology and major mineral nutrient composition of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions

Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Hamid AA, Aslani F, Hakim MA

Biol Res, 2016 Apr 18;49:24.
PMID: 27090643 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0084-5

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of varied salinity regimes on the morphological traits (plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, fresh and dry weight) and major mineral composition of 13 selected purslane accessions. Most of the morphological traits measured were reduced at varied salinity levels (0.0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 dS m(-1)), but plant height was found to increase in Ac1 at 16 dS m(-1) salinity, and Ac13 was the most affected accession. The highest reductions in the number of leaves and number of flowers were recorded in Ac13 at 32 dS m(-1) salinity compared to the control. The highest fresh and dry weight reductions were noted in Ac8 and Ac6, respectively, at 32 dS m(-1) salinity, whereas the highest increase in both fresh and dry weight was recorded in Ac9 at 24 dS m(-1) salinity compared to the control. In contrast, at lower salinity levels, all of the measured mineral levels were found to increase and later decrease with increasing salinity, but the performance of different accessions was different depending on the salinity level. A dendrogram was also constructed by UPGMA based on the morphological traits and mineral compositions, in which the 13 accessions were grouped into 5 clusters, indicating greater diversity among them. A three-dimensional principal component analysis also confirmed the output of grouping from cluster analysis.
Retraction Note: Salinity-induced changes in the morphology and major mineral nutrient composition of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions

Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Hamid AA, Aslani F, Hakim MA

Biol Res, 2023 Mar 20;56(1):13.
PMID: 36935506 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00425-6
Marker-assisted backcrossing: a useful method for rice improvement

Hasan MM, Rafii MY, Ismail MR, Mahmood M, Rahim HA, Alam MA, et al.

Biotechnology, biotechnological equipment, 2015 Mar 04;29(2):237-254.
PMID: 26019637

The world's population is increasing very rapidly, reducing the cultivable land of rice, decreasing table water, emerging new diseases and pests, and the climate changes are major issues that must be addressed to researchers to develop sustainable crop varieties with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, recent scientific discoveries and advances particularly in genetics, genomics and crop physiology have opened up new opportunities to reduce the impact of these stresses which would have been difficult if not impossible as recently as the turn of the century. Marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors. Regarding this, MABC can contribute to develop resistant or high-yielding or quality rice varieties by incorporating a gene of interest into an elite variety which is already well adapted by the farmers. MABC is newly developed efficient tool by which using large population sizes (400 or more plants) for the backcross F1 generations, it is possible to recover the recurrent parent genotype using only two or three backcrosses. So far, many high yielding, biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance, quality and fragrance rice varieties have been developed in rice growing countries through MABC within the shortest timeframe. Nowadays, MABC is being used widely in plant breeding programmes to develop new variety/lines especially in rice. This paper reviews recent literature on some examples of variety/ line development using MABC strategy.
Introgression of blast resistance genes into the elite rice variety MR263 through marker-assisted backcrossing

Hasan MM, Rafii MY, Ismail MR, Mahmood M, Alam MA, Abdul Rahim H, et al.

J Sci Food Agric, 2016 Mar 15;96(4):1297-305.
PMID: 25892666 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7222

Blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a significant disease threat to rice across the world and is especially prevalent in Malaysia. An elite, early-maturing, high-yielding Malaysian rice variety, MR263, is susceptible to blast and was used as the recurrent parent in this study. To improve MR263 disease resistance, the Pongsu Seribu 1 rice variety was used as donor of the blast resistance Pi-7(t), Pi-d(t)1 and Pir2-3(t) genes and qLN2 quantitative trait locus (QTL). The objective was to introgress these blast resistance genes into the background of MR263 using marker-assisted backcrossing with both foreground and background selection.
Fulltext Effect of Sand Fines Concentration on the Erosion-Corrosion Mechanism of Carbon Steel 90° Elbow Pipe in Slug Flow

Khan R, H Ya H, Pao W, Majid MAA, Ahmed T, Ahmad A, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2020 Oct 16;13(20).
PMID: 33081078 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204601

Erosion-corrosion of elbow configurations has recently been a momentous concern in hydrocarbon processing and transportation industries. The carbon steel 90° elbows are susceptible to the erosion-corrosion during the multiphase flow, peculiarly for erosive slug flows. This paper studies the erosion-corrosion performance of 90° elbows at slug flow conditions for impact with 2, 5, and 10 wt.% sand fines concentrations on AISI 1018 carbon steel exploiting quantitative and qualitative analyses. The worn surface analyses were effectuated by using laser confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The experiment was conducted under air and water slug flow containing sand fines of 50 µm average size circulated in the closed flow loop. The results manifest that with the increase of concentration level, the erosion-corrosion magnitude increases remarkably. Sand fines instigate the development of perforation sites in the form of circular, elongated, and coalescence pits at the elbow downstream and the corrosion attack is much more obvious with the increase of sand fines concentration. Another congruent finding is that cutting and pitting corrosion as the primitive causes of material degradation, the 10 wt.% sand fines concentration in carrier phase increases the erosion-corrosion rate of carbon steel up to 93% relative to the 2 wt.% sand fines concentration in slug flow.
Daunorubicin oral bioavailability enhancement by surface coated natural biodegradable macromolecule chitosan based polymeric nanoparticles

Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Alam MA, Ahmad FJ, Amir M, Pottoo FH, et al.

Int J Biol Macromol, 2019 May 01;128:825-838.
PMID: 30690115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.142

BACKGROUND: Daunorubicin hydrochloride (DAUN·HCl), due to low oral bioavailability poses the hindrance to be marketed as an oral formulation.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To develop a natural biodegradable macromolecule i.e. Chitosan (CS)-coated-DAUN-PLGA-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-Nanoparticles (NPs) with an aim to improve oral-DAUN bioavailability and to develop as well as validate UHPLC-MS/MS (ESI/Q-TOF) method for plasma quantification and pharmacokinetic analysis (PK) of DAUN.
RESULTS: A particle size (198.3 ± 9.21 nm), drug content (47.06 ± 1.16 mg/mg) and zeta potential (11.3 ± 0.98 mV), consisting of smooth and spherical shape was observed for developed formulation. Cytotoxicity studies for CS-DAUN-PLGA-NPs revealed; a comparative superiority over free DAUN-S (i.v.) in human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7) and a higher permeability i.e. 3.89 folds across rat ileum, as compared to DAUN-PLGA-NPs (p 
Fulltext Modeling, Optimization and Performance Evaluation of TiC/Graphite Reinforced Al 7075 Hybrid Composites Using Response Surface Methodology

Alam MA, Ya HH, Yusuf M, Sivraj R, Mamat OB, Sapuan SM, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2021 Aug 20;14(16).
PMID: 34443232 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164703

The tenacious thirst for fuel-saving and desirable physical and mechanical properties of the materials have compelled researchers to focus on a new generation of aluminum hybrid composites for automotive and aircraft applications. This work investigates the microhardness behavior and microstructural characterization of aluminum alloy (Al 7075)-titanium carbide (TiC)-graphite (Gr) hybrid composites. The hybrid composites were prepared via the powder metallurgy technique with the amounts of TiC (0, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%), reinforced to Al 7075 + 1 wt.% Gr. The microstructural characteristics were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping. A Box Behnken design (BBD) response surface methodology (RSM) approach was utilized for modeling and optimization of density and microhardness independent parameters and to develop an empirical model of density and microhardness in terms of process variables. Effects of independent parameters on the responses have been evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The density and microhardness of the Al 7075-TiC-Gr hybrid composites are found to be increased by increasing the weight percentage of TiC particles. The optimal conditions for obtaining the highest density and microhardness are estimated to be 6.79 wt.% TiC at temperature 626.13 °C and compaction pressure of 300 Mpa.
Fulltext Dataset on the effect of receiver size and acceptance half-angle on the aperture width and height of compound parabolic concentrator for low-concentrating photovoltaic applications using RSM

Masood F, Nor NBM, Nallagownden P, Elamvazuthi I, Alam MA, Yusuf M, et al.

Data Brief, 2021 Dec;39:107630.
PMID: 34988268 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107630

The combined effect of design control factors on the response variables gives valuable information for geometric design optimization of the compound parabolic concentrator. This study presents the data related to the statistical modeling and analysis of variance for aperture width and height of a low concentration symmetric compound parabolic concentrator designed for photovoltaic applications. The design matrix was generated using the response surface modeling approach. The geometric design equations of the proposed concentrator were developed and solved analytically using MATLAB. The empirical models were developed to establish relationships between the control factors and response variables of the proposed system. The analysis of variance was conducted for two significant response variables. The developed statistical models can be used to predict the selected response variables within the permissible range. The presented data can be used for statistical modeling and design optimization of the two-dimensional symmetric compound parabolic concentrator.
Fulltext Combining ability analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) for potential quality improvement

Kundu BC, Mohsin GM, Rahman MS, Ahamed F, Mahato AK, Hossain KMD, et al.

Braz J Biol, 2022;84:e255605.
PMID: 35019109 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255605

Combining ability analysis provides useful information for the selection of parents, also information regarding the nature and magnitude of involved gene actions. Crops improvement involves strategies for enhancing yield potentiality and quality components. Targeting the improvement of respective characters in bitter gourd, combining ability and genetic parameters for 19 characters were estimated from a 6×6 full diallel analysis technique. The results revealed that the variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for most of the important characters. It indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA variances were higher in magnitude than SCA variances for all the characters studied indicating the predominance of the additive gene effects in their inheritance. The parent P2 (BG 009) appeared as the best general combiner for earliness; P1 (BG 006) for number of fruits, average single fruit weight and fruit yield; P4 (BG 027) for node number of first female flower and days to seed fruit maturity; P3 (BG 011) for fruit length and thickness of the fruit flesh; P5 (BG 033) for 100-seed weight; and P6 for number of nodes per main vine. The SCA effect as well as reciprocal effect was also significant for most of the important characters in different crosses.
Fulltext Relationship between High Temperature and Formation of Chalkiness and Their Effects on Quality of Rice

Nevame AYM, Emon RM, Malek MA, Hasan MM, Alam MA, Muharam FM, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:1653721.
PMID: 30065932 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1653721

Occurrence of chalkiness in rice is attributed to genetic and environmental factors, especially high temperature (HT). The HT induces heat stress, which in turn compromises many grain qualities, especially transparency. Chalkiness in rice is commonly studied together with other quality traits such as amylose content, gel consistency, and protein storage. In addition to the fundamental QTLs, some other QTLs have been identified which accelerate chalkiness occurrence under HT condition. In this review, some of the relatively stable chalkiness, amylose content, and gel consistency related QTLs have been presented well. Genetically, HT effect on chalkiness is explained by the location of certain chalkiness gene in the vicinity of high-temperature-responsive genes. With regard to stable QTL distribution and availability of potential material resources, there is still feasibility to find out novel stable QTLs related to chalkiness under HT condition. A better understanding of those achievements is essential to develop new rice varieties with a reduced chalky grain percentage. Therefore, we propose the pyramiding of relatively stable and nonallelic QTLs controlling low chalkiness endosperm into adaptable rice varieties as pragmatic approach to mitigate HT effect.
Fulltext Evaluation of antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activities, and mineral composition of 13 collected purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions

Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Abdul Hamid A, Aslani F, Hasan MM, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:296063.
PMID: 24579078 DOI: 10.1155/2014/296063

The methanolic extracts of 13 accessions of purslane were analyzed for their total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total carotenoid contents (TCC) and antioxidant activity of extracts was screened using FRAP assay and DPPH radical scavenging methods. The TPC, TFC, and TCC ranged from 0.96 ± 0.04 to 9.12 ± 0.29 mg GAE/g DW, 0.13 ± 0.04 to 1.44 ± 0.08 mg RE/g DW, and 0.52 ± 0.06 to 5.64 ± 0.09 mg (β-carotene equivalent) BCE/g DW, respectively. The DPPH scavenging (IC50) activity varied between 2.52 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 3.29 ± 0.01 mg/mL and FRAP ranged from 7.39 ± 0.08 to 104.2 ± 6.34 μmol TE/g DW. Among all the measured micro- and macrominerals K content was the highest followed by N, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, and Mn. The overall findings proved that ornamental purslane was richer in antioxidant properties, whereas common purslane possesses more mineral contents than ornamental ones.
Fulltext Polyphenolic compounds of amla prevent oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidney and heart of 2K1C rats

Rahman MM, Ferdous KU, Roy S, Nitul IA, Mamun F, Hossain MH, et al.

Food Sci Nutr, 2020 Jul;8(7):3578-3589.
PMID: 32724620 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1640

Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) is a natural source of antioxidants and possesses valuable medicinal properties. However, the protective effect of amla in the kidney of two-kidneys-one-clip (2K1C) rats has not been explained sufficiently. This study was performed to evaluate the renoprotective effect of amla fruit powder (2.5% W/W) supplementation in kidneys of 2K1C rats. 2K1C rats increased the remnant kidney wet weight and also increased plasma creatinine and uric acid concentration compared to the control. Amla supplementation ameliorates elevated creatinine and uric acid concentration in plasma of 2K1C rats. Various oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (NO), and advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) were also increased in plasma, heart, and kidney tissues in 2K1C rats that were also significantly brought down to normal level by amla supplementation. Moreover, the inflammatory cells entry and fibrosis in the 2K1C rat's tissues were prevented by amla supplementation. These research results suggest that amla may restore plasma antioxidant capacities and prevents oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in 2K1C rats. Taken these results as a base, clinical supplementation of dried amla powder in diet or juice to the CKD patients would be beneficial.
Fulltext In vitro antioxidant and, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and comprehensive metabolite profiling of methanol extract and its fractions from Clinacanthus nutans

Alam MA, Zaidul IS, Ghafoor K, Sahena F, Hakim MA, Rafii MY, et al.

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017 Mar 31;17(1):181.
PMID: 28359331 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1684-5

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with a subsequent analysis of total phenolic and total flavonoid content of methanol extract and its derived fractions from Clinacanthus nutans accompanied by comprehensive phytochemical profiling.
METHODS: Liquid-liquid partition chromatography was used to separate methanolic extract to get hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and residual aqueous fractions. The total antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). The antidiabetic activity of methanol extract and its consequent fractions were examined by α-glucosidase inhibitory bioassay. The chemical profiling was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC Q-TOF MS).
RESULTS: The total yield for methanol extraction was (12.63 ± 0.98) % (w/w) and highest fractionated value found for residual aqueous (52.25 ± 1.01) % (w/w) as compared to the other fractions. Significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity was found for methanolic extract (63.07 ± 0.11) % and (79.98 ± 0.31) % for ethyl acetate fraction among all the fractions evaluated. Methanol extract was the most prominent in case of FRAP (141.89 ± 0.87 μg AAE/g) whereas most effective reducing power observed in ethyl acetate fraction (133.6 ± 0.2987 μg AAE/g). The results also indicated a substantial α-glucosidase inhibitory activity for butanol fraction (72.16 ± 1.0) % and ethyl acetate fraction (70.76 ± 0.49) %. The statistical analysis revealed that total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the samples had the significant (p
Fulltext Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing of the Performance of Copper Slag Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Chakrawarthi V, Dharmar B, Avudaiappan S, Amran M, Flores ES, Alam MA, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2022 Jun 28;15(13).
PMID: 35806661 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134536

Concrete technology is adopted worldwide in construction due to its effectiveness, performance, and price benefits. Subsequently, it needs to be an eco-friendly, sustainable, and energy-efficient material. This is achieved by replacing or adding energy-efficient concrete materials from industries, such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, fly ash, bottom ash, rice husk ash, etc. Likewise, copper slag is a waste material produced as molten slag from the copper industry, which can be used in concrete production. Copper slag can perform roles similar to pozzolans in the hydration process. This paper extends the comparative study of copper slag concrete with polypropylene fiber (PPF) subjected to destructive and non-destructive testing. Under destructive testing, compressive strength of concrete cubes, compressive strength of mortar cubes, splitting tensile tests on cylindrical specimens, and flexural tests on plain cement concrete were conducted and analysed. Ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer tests were performed on the samples as per IS13311-Part 1-1992 for non-destructive testing. The 100% replacement of copper slag exhibited a very high workability of 105 mm, while the addition of 0.8% PPF decreased the flowability of the concrete. Hence, the workability of concrete decreases as the fiber content increases. The density of the concrete was found to be increased in the range of 5% to 10%. Furthermore, it was found that, for all volume fractions of fiber, there was no reduction in compressive strength of up to 80% of copper slag concrete compared to control concrete. The 40% copper slag concrete was the best mix proportion for increasing compressive strength. However, for cement mortar applications, 80% copper slag is recommended. The findings of non-destructive testing show that, except for 100% copper slag, all mixes were of good quality compared to other mixes. Linear relationships were developed to predict compressive strength from UPV and rebound hammer test values. This relationship shows better prediction among dependent and independent values. It is concluded that copper slag has a pozzolanic composition, and is compatible with PPF, resulting in good mechanical characteristics.

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