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Fulltext Notes for primary care teachers: Assessments - the Conjoint MAFP/FRACGP Examination

Amin S

Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(2):84-5.
PMID: 25606088
Fulltext Social support as moderator to work-family conflict and work-family enrichment: a review

Hamid, R. A., Mohd Amin, S.

Journal of Advanced Review on Scientific Research, 2014;2(2):1-18.
MyJurnal

This study was performed to review the experience of work-family conflict and work-family
enrichment with social support as the moderator. Work-family conflict or enrichment occurs when
behaviours, moods, stresses, and emotions from work bring bad or good effects into family. Social
support has been seen as an important factor to assist employees with their role at work and at home.
This will reduce work-family conflict among the employees and achieve positive level of inter-role
between work and family, which is work-family enrichment. The review provides evidence that social
support may be helpful in improving the quality of work-family life of employees.
Conduct disorders seen in child psychiatric outpatient clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Loh, C.C., Mohd Amin, S., Kasmini, K.

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1994;6(1):12-17.
MyJurnal

This is a retrospective and descriptive study of 30 children and adolescents with conduct disorders diagnosed for the first time this year (1993) at the Child and Family Consultation Unit, UKM. Eleven of them were diagnosed to have a Socialized Conduct Disorder, 8 had symptoms of Unsocialized Conduct Disorder, whilst 4 had Conduct Disorder confined to the family context. Another 5 had Depressive Conduct Disorders while 2 had features of other mixed disorders of conduct and emotions. Most them were boys and were ten years old and above. The majority presented with at least one year history of illness and school authorities played an important role in being the main referral agency. Prominent abnormal psychosocial situations were inadequate or inconsistent parental control and discordant intro familial relationships. Socio-economic status and geographical differences were associated with the prevalence of the disorder. The main symptomatology found were disobedience and frequent lying, stealing, truancy and fighting or bullying.

Study site: outpatient clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur
Fulltext HIV/AIDS knowledge level among undergraduate health science students in a private university, Malaysia

Amin S, Awang Z

Malaysian Journal of Medical Research, 2017;1(1):1-7.
MyJurnal

Globally, the spread of HIV/AIDS is a major public health challenge because of its pandemic magnitudes. Despite the fact that people of any age are susceptible to HIV, the younger population is more susceptible to be infected because of their lifestyle choices. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of HIV/AIDS knowledge level among health science undergraduate university students as they play a primary role within the health care system of a country. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a semi structured, self-administered, especially design questionnaire. Out of total one hundred fifty undergraduate university students, there were 96 males (64%) and 54 females (36%) with the age ranging from 19-25 years. All the students were able to write the acronym of HIV (100%) and AIDS (100%). Common routes of transmission and prevention measure were known by majority of the students. Students stated correctly regarding HIV/AIDS transmission from mother to child through pregnancy (18.02%), delivery (15.31%) and breast feeding (11.30%) which was very low level of knowledge. Most of the medical, dental and physiotherapy students had correct knowledge on high risk populace for HIV/AIDS; like singles, intravenous drug user, multiple sex partners and commercial sexual partner. Regarding the preventive measure as hand washing, use of facial mask and sexual abstinent was correctly mentioned by only 31.34%, 34.02% and 28.01% total students respectively. However other safety measure like condom use, effectiveness of condom use, screening of blood was widely known by the students. However, regarding the knowledge on treatment issue of HIV/AIDS, majority of the students (85.30%) correctly knew that HIV/AIDS was not curable, whereas only 15.31% and 20.01% correctly knew that the treatment was very expensive and available respectively. So, this study focus the educational endeavors that could be broadened to emphasis on its general knowledge on HIV/AIDS.
Study site: Medical, Dental and Physiotherapy Faculties at a private university college in Malaysia.
The impact of workplace spirituality dimensions on organisational citizenship behaviour among nurses with the mediating effect of affective organisational commitment

Kazemipour F, Mohd Amin S

J Nurs Manag, 2012 Dec;20(8):1039-48.
PMID: 23151106 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12025

AIM: To investigate the relationship between workplace spirituality dimensions and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) among nurses through the mediating effect of affective organisational commitment.
BACKGROUND: Nurses' OCB has been considered recently to improve the quality of services to patients and subsequently, their performance. As an influential attitude, affective organisational commitment has been recognized to influence OCB, and ultimately, organisational performance. Meanwhile, workplace spirituality is introduced as a new organisational behaviour concept to increase affective commitment influencing employees' OCB.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study and the respective data were collected with a questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaires were distributed to 305 nurses employed in four public and general Iranian hospitals. To analyse the data, descriptive statistics, Pearson coefficient, simple regression, multiple regression and path analyses were also conducted.
RESULTS: The results indicated that workplace spirituality dimensions including meaningful work, a sense of community and an alignment with organisational values have a significant positive relationship with OCB. Moreover, affective organisational commitment mediated the impact of workplace spirituality on OCB.
CONCLUSION: The concept of workplace spirituality through its dimensions predicts nurses' OCB, and affective organisational commitment partially mediated the relationship between workplace spirituality and OCB.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT:
Nurses' managers should consider the potentially positive influence of workplace spirituality on OCB and affective commitment among their nurses. With any plan to increase workplace spirituality, the respective managers can improve nurses' performance and would be of considerable importance in the healthcare system.
Relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses through mediation of affective organizational commitment

Kazemipour F, Mohamad Amin S, Pourseidi B

J Nurs Scholarsh, 2012 Sep;44(3):302-10.
PMID: 22804973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2012.01456.x

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the relationships between workplace spirituality, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and affective organizational commitment among nurses, and whether affective commitment mediates the relationship between workplace spirituality and OCB.
METHODS: In the present correlational study, a cross-sectional design was employed, and data were collected using a questionnaire-based survey. Based on the random sampling, 305 nurses were chosen and questionnaires were distributed among respondents in four public and general hospitals located in Kerman, Iran. To analyze the data descriptive statistics, Pearson coefficient, simple and multiple regression, and path analyses were also conducted.
FINDINGS: Workplace spirituality has a positive influence on nurses' OCB and affective commitment. Workplace spirituality explained 16% of the variation in OCB, while it explained 35% of the variation in affective commitment among nurses. Moreover, affective organizational commitment mediated the impact of workplace spirituality on OCB.
CONCLUSIONS: Workplace spirituality predicts nurses' OCB and affective organizational commitment. It emphasizes benefits from the new perspective of workplace spirituality, particularly among nurses who need to be motivated in their work.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study illustrates that there are potential benefits owing to the positive influence of workplace spirituality on OCB and affective commitment among nurses. Managers of nursing services should consider workplace spirituality and its positive influence on nurses' outcomes in order to improve their performance and, subsequently, the healthcare system.
Fulltext Benign teratoma of the liver: a rare cause of cholangitis

Rahmat K, Vijayananthan A, Abdullah B, Amin S

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Jul;2(3):e20.
PMID: 21614237 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.3.e20

Teratomas are neoplasms characterised by an abnormal growth of tissues derived from the three germinal layers. The term 'teratoma' is derived from the Greek root 'teratos', meaning monster. Germ cells develop in the embryo and subsequently become the cells that make up the reproductive system. During fetal development, these cells follow a midline path and descend into the pelvis as ovarian cells or the scrotal sac as testicular cells. The presence of germ cells in extragonadal sites is because of the failure of these cells to migrate along the urogenital ridge. Therefore, teratomas occur in order of decreasing frequency in the ovaries, testes, anterior mediastinum, retroperitoneum, sacrococcygeal region and cranium.Liver teratomas are very rare; of the 25 hepatic teratomas described in the literature, only five have occurred in adults. The majority of the cases were in female children below the age of three, mostly arising in the right lobe of liver.We report a case of an adult male with benign mature teratoma arising in the left lobe of liver, compressing the common bile duct and causing obstructive jaundice.
Fulltext Implementing standard setting into the Conjoint MAFP/FRACGP Part 1 examination - Process and issues

Chan SC, Mohd Amin S, Lee TW

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(2-3):2-8.
PMID: 28461851

BACKGROUND: The College of General Practitioners of Malaysia and the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners held the first Conjoint Member of the College of General Practitioners (MCGP)/Fellow of Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (FRACGP) examination in 1982, later renamed the Conjoint MAFP/FRACGP examinations. The examination assesses competency for safe independent general practice and as family medicine specialists in Malaysia. Therefore, a defensible standard set pass mark is imperative to separate the competent from the incompetent.

OBJECTIVE: This paper discusses the process and issues encountered in implementing standard setting to the Conjoint Part 1 examination.

DISCUSSION: Critical to success in standard setting were judges' understanding of the process of the modified Angoff method, defining the borderline candidate's characteristics and the composition of judges. These were overcome by repeated hands-on training, provision of detailed guidelines and careful selection of judges. In December 2013, 16 judges successfully standard set the Part 1 Conjoint examinations, with high inter-rater reliability: Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.926 (Applied Knowledge Test), 0.921 (Key Feature Problems).
Fulltext Phylogenetics and population genetics of Plotosus canius (Siluriformes: Plotosidae) from Malaysian coastal waters

Khalili Samani N, Esa Y, Amin SM, Fatin Mohd Ikhsan N

PeerJ, 2016;4:e1930.
PMID: 27231645 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1930

Plotosus canius (Hamilton, 1822) is a significant marine species in Malaysia from nutritional and commercial perspectives. Despite numerous fundamental research on biological characteristics of P. canius, there are various concerns on the level of population differentiation, genomic structure, and the level of genetic variability among their populations due to deficiency of genetic-based studies. Deficiency on basic contexts such as stock identification, phylogenetic relationship and population genetic structure would negatively impact their sustainable conservation. Hence, this study was conducted to characterize the genetic structure of P. canius for the first time through the application of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene, cross amplification of Tandanus tandanus microsatellites, and a total of 117 collected specimens across five selected populations of Malaysia. The experimental results of the mitochondrial analysis revealed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity varied from 0.395-0.771 and 0.033-0.65 respectively. Moreover, the statistical analysis of microsatellites addressed a considerable heterozygote insufficiency in all populations, with average observed heterozygosity (Ho ) value of 0.2168, which was lower than the standard heterozygosity in marine populations (Ho = 0.79). This alongside the high Fis values estimation, high pairwise differentiation among populations and low within population variations are supposed to be associated with small sample size, and inbreeding system. Besides, the significant finding of this study was the sharing of common haplotype KR086940, which reflects a historical genetic connectivity between Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo populations due to the geological history of Southeast Asia during Pleistocene era. Demographic analyses showed that all populations were in an equilibrium state with no significant evidence of population expansion. To put it briefly, the current study has managed to provide an initial genomic database toward understanding of the genetic characterization, phylogenetic, molecular diversification and population structure in P. canius, and should be necessary highlighted for appropriate management and conservation of species. Further studies must be carried out involving more geographical and sampling sites, larger population size per site, and utilization of species specific microsatellites loci.
Morphometric relations in the grey eel catfish Plotosus canius in the coastal waters of Port Dickson, Peninsular Malaysia

Usman BI, Amin SM, Arshad A, Kamarudin MS

J Environ Biol, 2016 Jul;37(4):573-8.
PMID: 27498503

Samples of grey eel catfish Plotosus canius were collected from the coastal waters of Port Dickson, Malaysia from January to December, 2012. A total of 341 specimens (172 males and 169 females) were used to estimate the length-weight relationship parameters. Mean population size of females were 0.72 cm taller than the males, however difference was not significant (t-test, P > 0.05). The overall relationship equations between total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were established for males as Log TW = 2.71 Log TL - 1.85 (R2 = 0.95) and for females as Log TW = 2.88 Log TL-2.10 (R2 = 0.95). The estimated relative growth co-efficient (b) values were 2.71 for males and 2.88 for females. It is revealed that growth pattern of the species showed negative allometry. In both males and females, relationship between TL and SL gave highest regression coefficient (0.99). While relationship between TL and EL gave lowest regression coefficient in both males and females (0.87 and 0.81 respectively). The findings from this study contributed first information on morphometric relations of the fish from Malaysian coastal waters and could be useful for sustainable management options of P. canius in Malaysia.
Fulltext The Malaysian health reform in primary health care services

Aniza I, Jamsiah M, Amin SA, Ali M, Munizam AM

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2008;14(2):1-10.
MyJurnal

Introduction : Family Health Development Division is one of the earliest divisions in Public Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia. The division has progressed each year with the extension and expansion of the scopes of services since the establishment of Maternal and Child Health Unit in 1956. The services currently include school children, adolescent, adult and elderly health and also known as life-course perspective: from womb to tomb.
Objectives : The objective is to elaborate and explain the reformation of primary health care services implemented in the past and present.
Methods : The methodology applied is compilation, data review and comparison from annual report, action plan report, articles, speeches, specialists and stake holder view.
Results : The focus of Primary Health Care Service is covering health promotion, disease prevention, early detection and treatment, acute disease care, disease limitation and rehabilitation, clinical support services and teleprimary care. The reformation is caused by factors such as globalization, modernization, growth of health market, emergence and re-emergence of diseases, and development of medical technology. Three health fields that have underwent and under going reformation are concept and wellness practise in primary healthcare, primary healthcare clinical support services development and primary healthcare informatics development. The outcome of these reformations is the increment of service quality and outstanding services for patients and health staffs.
Conclusion : Health reformation in primary healthcare is greatly needed to give excellent services for primary health care for today and future.
Sex ratio, spawning season and the size at maturity of Parapenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller 1862) in the coastal waters of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia

Arshad A, Amani AA, Amin SMN, Yusoff FM

J Environ Biol, 2016 07;37(4 Spec No):709-13.
PMID: 28779730

Parapenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller, 1862) locally referred to as ?udang kulit keras? in Malaysia has profound biological, ecological, aquacultural and conservational significance. The reproductive biology of this important penaeid from the coastal waters of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia, was studied during the period between February 2012 to January 2013. Females outnumbered males with a sex ratio of M: F= 1:3 (P < 0.05). Four maturity stages of female gonads viz., immature, maturing, mature and spent stages were distinguished. The first stage of sexual maturity was attained at a length of 9.3 cm, and female P. sculptilis showed a peak gonadosomatic index during the month of April, August and October, indicating that P. sculptilis potentially breeds throughout the year. The findings of this study would greatly contribute towards the understanding of gonadal maturation, spawning season and breeding biology, which could be important for the effective population management of this prawn species.
Comparison of condition index in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis between Sebatu and Pasir Panjang, Peninsular Malaysia

Al-Barwani SM, Arshad A, Amin SMN, Rahman A

J Environ Biol, 2016 07;37(4 Spec No):705-8.
PMID: 28779729

The condition index (which relates to the tissue dry weight to shell volume) of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis was investigated at Sebatu in Melaka and Pasir Panjang in Negri Sembilan from September 2003 to February 2004. Monthly samples of P. viridis were collected from culturing rafts at both sites. Variations in the average monthly condition index (CI) of P. viridis ranged from 21.06 to 26.72 g cm(-3) and 15.18 to 19.41 g cm(-3) in Sebatu and Pasir Panjang, respectively. Salinity values were lowest in November between 27.93 to 28.10 ppt in Sebatu and Pasir Panjang, respectively. Salinity then started increasing gradually until it reached 33.26 ppt in Sebatu and 31.23 ppt in Pasir Panjang in the month of February. Chlorophylla in Pasir Panjang showed higher fluctuation, ranging from 2.93 to 14.39 mg/L, while in Sebatu the fluctuations were lower and ranged between 7.70 and 9.37 mg l(-1). Rapid decline in CI values were recorded during January in Sebatu and February in Pasir Panjang. However, this rapid declining state of CI in P. viridis was an indication of its spawning period, when their gametes were released in the water column. These findings would help in the development of captive breeding techniques and mass seed production in aquaculture.
Composition and diversity of larval fish in the mangrove estuarine area of Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia

Rezagholinejad S, Arshad A, Amin SMN, Ara R

J Environ Biol, 2016 07;37(4 Spec No):697-703.
PMID: 28779728

The composition of fish larvae and their diversity in different habitats are very important for fisheries management. Larval fishes were investigated in a mangrove estuary of Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia from October 2012 to September 2013 at five different sites. Monthly samples of fish larvae were collected at five sampling sites by a plankton net with a mouth opening of 40.5 cm in diameter. In total, 3879 larval fish were caught in the investigated area. The mean density of ichthyoplankton at this area was 118 larvae/100 m(3). The fish larval assemblage comprised of 20 families whereas 13 families occurred at St1, 16 at St2, 16 at St3, 12 at St4 and 16 at St5. The top major families were Sillaginidae, Engraulidae, Mugilidae and Sparidae with Sillaginidae consisted 44% of total larval composition. St3 with 143 larvae/100 m(3) had the highest density amongst the stations which was due to higher abundance of Sillaginidae. Shannon-Wiener diversity index represented significant variation during monsoon and inter-monsoon seasons, peaking in the months December-January and May-June. However, Shannon-Wiener index, evenness and family richness showed significant differences among stations and months (p < 0.05).
Food and feeding habits of Omobranchus sp. (Blenniidae: Omobranchini) larvae in the Seagrass-Mangrove ecosystem of Johor Strait, Malaysia

Ara R, Arshad A, Amin SMN, Ghaffar MA

J Environ Biol, 2016 07;37(4 Spec No):735-43.
PMID: 28779733

The stomach contents of Omobranchus sp. (family Blenniidae) larvae were investigated in a seagrass-mangrove based ecosystem in Johor Strait, Malaysia from October 2007 to September 2008. Specimens of larval fish were collected through subsurface towing of a Bongo net from five different stations. The stomach sacs of 267 Omobranchus sp. larvae were separated and observed, which comprised of 24 significant food stuffs belonging to 6 main groups viz. phytoplankton (62.45%), zooplankton (18.24%), algae (5.56%), plant-like particles (5.75%), debris (4.22%) and unidentified particles (2.03%). In situ water parameters were also measured throughout the sampling cruises. There was a strong and significant positive correlation between stomach phytoplankton and salinity (r = 0.658, p < 0.05).? Canonical correlation analysis indicated a weak relationship (29.8%) between stomach contents and physico-chemical parameters. Only salinity appeared to be the controlling factor for the stomach contents of Omobranchus sp. larvae in the investigated area. Based on the stomach content analysis, it could be concluded that Omobranchus sp. were mainly herbivorous during the larval stages. ?
Sex ratio, gonad development and fecundity of Miyakella nepa (Crustacea, Stomatopoda) of Pantai Remis coastal waters of Malaysia

Zamri Z, Arshad A, Amin SMN, Rahman MA, Al Khayat JA

J Environ Biol, 2016 07;37(4 Spec No):677-83.
PMID: 28779726

The sex ratio, gonad development and fecundity of Miyakella nepa (Latreille, 1828), in the coastal waters of Pantai Remis, Perak, were investigated from February 2012 to January 2013. Sex identification was done by identifying stomatopod's genitalia organs, and the ovaries were dissected out and preserved for further analysis. Female stomatopods with mature or near spawning stages were used for fecundity estimation. A total of 951 specimens of M. nepa, with 565 females and 386 males were examined. Results showed a sex ratio of 1:1.46 (male:females). Maximum GSI was estimated to be 5.80, while lowest was 2.95. Sexual maturity for female M. nepa was observed at 100 mm total length. The mean fecundity of M. nepa was 425,657 (? 1,8701) eggs which was observed to increase with increased body length.
Fulltext Trypsin-modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) decreased the survival, growth and digestion enzymes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Dauda AB, Teh JC, Amin SMN, Kamarudin MS, Romano N

J Pestic Sci, 2016 Aug 20;41(3):83-86.
PMID: 30363129 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D16-055

Trypsin-modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) is an effective mosquito larvicide, but information on its potential toxicity to non-target organisms is limited. To investigate this, triplicate groups of 10 Macrobrachium rosenbergii were exposed to 0, 10, 50 or 100 mg/L nominal TMOF concentrations for 12 days. Tail moisture, crude protein, and hepatopancreatic glycogen/histopathology were unaffected, but increasing TMOF linearly decreased survival and growth. TMOF at the lowest concentration employed significantly decreased trypsin and chymotrypsin activities.
Evaluation of Tween 80 incorporated media to increase pathogen isolation from peritoneal fluid of CAPD patients at Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Ganapathy Pillay S, Mohd Amin SDW, Masri SN, Joseph NM, Amran F, Van Belkum A, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2021 Aug;43(2):261-268.
PMID: 34448790

INTRODUCTION: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-associated peritonitis remains a major complication in patients on CAPD leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Successful therapy of peritonitis is highly dependent on a positive microbiological culture because narrow spectrum antibiotics are essential to efficiently combat infection. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of Tween 80 containing media at three different concentrations (0.1%, 1.0% and 2.0%) to increase the pathogen yield from peritoneal fluid in comparison with the standard culture media.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peritoneal fluid samples (n=121) obtained from CAPD patients suspected of peritonitis at Hospital Kuala Lumpur were analysed macroscopically and microscopically prior to culture. All samples were cultured on seven different culture media, including sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar, brain heart infusion agar and Tween 80 incorporated blood agar. All plates were incubated at an optimum temperature up to 48 hours.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among all the culture media investigated, 0.1% to 2.0% Tween 80 incorporated blood agar yielded the highest positive culture (23/121) in comparison with all other standard media, thus lowering the negative culture rate among CAPD patients. Statistical analysis by Chi Square revealed significant differences (p <0.001) between the three concentrations of Tween 80 tested in this study. Among the three different concentrations of Tween 80 optimised in this study, blood agar containing 0.1% Tween 80 generated the best results, achieved by optimum growth of all Gram-positive organisms, Gram-negative organisms and yeast cells simultaneously. Using a small amount of detergent at low cost significantly increased the pathogen yield during CAPD-associated peritonitis.
Reproductive biology of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) from the coastal waters of Bintulu (South China Sea), Sarawak, Malaysia

Nettely T, Rajaee AH, Denil NA, Idris MH, Nesarul MH, Amin SMN, et al.

J Environ Biol, 2016 07;37(4 Spec No):715-24.
PMID: 28779731

Samples of threadfin breams Nemipterus japonicus were collected from a village in Kuala Nyalau and a fish landing centre at Bintulu from April 2013 to March 2014. A total of 360 individuals of N. japonicus (214 male and 146 female) were used in this reproductive study.? The total length (TL) of individuals were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and body weight (BW) was recorded to the nearest 0.1 g. Month-wise distribution of the sexes was significantly higher for males in September and March, while in the month of May the number of females was significantly higher (X(2) = 6.53; P < 0.05). Males showed a preponderance in the size-class of 19.0-20.9 cm (X(2) = 80.24; P < 0.001), 21.0 -22.9 cm (X(2) = 56.39; P < 0.001) and 23.0 -24.9 cm (X(2) = 17; P < 0.001). The gonadosomatic index (GSI) values of N. japonicus ranged from 0.07 to 0.19 for males and 0.34 to 4.99 for females. Females had higher GSI than males throughout the study period. For males, a higher GSI (0.11-0.19) was observed during January to February, while it was found to be higher (2.73-4.99) for females during January to March, indicating the spawning season. The present study revealed that ovarian maturity based on histological analysis of N. japonicus was classified into seven stages namely, immature (I), immature (II), maturing (III), mature (IV), ripe (V), spawning (VI) and spent (VII). The fecundity of N. japonicus was estimated to be within a range of 19221 to 85923 with higher GSI (3.08-6.78) from the coastal waters of Bintulu, Sarawak.
Influence of habitat structure and environmental variables on larval fish assemblage in the Johor Strait, Malaysia

Ara R, Arshad A, Amin SMN, Idris MH, Gaffar MA, Romano N

J Environ Biol, 2016 07;37(4 Spec No):745-54.
PMID: 28779734

Our previous study demonstrated that among different habitat sites (mangrove, estuary, river, seagrass and Open Sea) in Johor Strait, Malaysia, seagrass showed highest family diversity and abundance of larval fish. However, it is unclear whether this was due to difference in habitat complexity or water quality parameters.? To test this, larval fish were collected by using a bongo net equipped with a flow meter by subsurface horizontal towing from different habitats in Johor Strait between October 2007 and September 2008.? Various physico-chemical parameters were measured and then examined for any relationship to fish larvae diversity and abundance. Among the 24 families identified from the sites, seven families (Blenniidae, Clupeidae, Mullidae, Nemipteridae, Syngnathidae, Terapontidae and Uranoscopeidae) were significantly correlated with the tested waters quality parameters.? Salinity showed a positive and negative significant correlation with Clupeidae (p < 0.01) and Uranoscopeidae (p < 0.05), respectively. Terapontidae was significantly correlated with dissolved oxygen (p < 0.01), while both Mullidae and Syngnathidae were significantly correlated with pH (p < 0.05). However, a canonical correspondence analysis test indicated weak overall correlation (36.4%) between larval assemblage and in the seagrass-mangrove ecosystem of Johor Strait, Malaysia. This likely indicates that habitat structure was more important in determining larval abundance (highest in the seagrass habitat) as compared to water quality at the tested sites. This study emphasizes the need to conserve seagrass beds as important nursery grounds for various fish larvae to ensure adequate recruitment and ultimately sustainable fisheries management. ?

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