Methods: All patients with isolated caudate lobe abscess were selected retrospectively and diagnosis was confirmed by imaging. Patient in this case series underwent either percutaneous or endoscopic drainage and empirical antibiotic therapy alone.
Results: There are 5 patients in this case series, 3 of them underwent percutaneous drainage, 1 of them treated with antibiotic alone and another underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage. All patients showed complete resolution of caudate lobe abscess without procedural complications.
Conclusions: The caudate lobe, which lies posterior to the hepatoduodenal ligament and anterior to the inferior vena cava exposes the patient to possible life-threatening complications when subjected to drainage via a percutaneous approach. EUS allows not only identification of intervening vessels which is the major reason for technical difficulty in percutaneous drainage, but excellent visualization of abscess cavities and the surrounding landmarks. In conclusion, non-surgical approach is our treatment of choice in management of caudate lobe liver abscess.
RESULTS: Using three simple heuristics, we designed RNA sensors that can mimic the function of a seven-segment display (SSD). Ten independent and orthogonal sensors representing the numerals 0 to 9 are designed and constructed. Each sensor has its own unique oligonucleotide binding site region that is activated uniquely by a specific input. Each operator was subjected to a stringent in silico filtering. Random sensors were selected and functionally validated via ribozyme self cleavage assays that were visualized via electrophoresis.
CONCLUSIONS: By utilising simple permutation and randomisation in the sequence design phase, we have developed functional RNA sensors thus demonstrating that even the simplest of computational methods can greatly aid the design phase for constructing functional molecular devices.
METHODS: The Casson fluid was used to model the blood that flows under the influences of uniformly distributed magnetic field and oscillating pressure gradient. The governing fractional differential equations were expressed using the Caputo Fabrizio fractional derivative without singular kernel.
RESULTS: The analytical solutions of velocities for non-Newtonian model were then calculated by means of Laplace and finite Hankel transforms. These velocities were then presented graphically. The result shows that the velocity increases with respect to Reynolds number and Casson parameter, while decreases when Hartmann number increases.
CONCLUSIONS: Casson blood was treated as the non-Newtonian fluid. The MHD blood flow was accelerated by pressure gradient. These findings are beneficial for studying atherosclerosis therapy, the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of some medical problems.