Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 24 in total

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  1. Fulltext Latest development in microalgae-biofuel production with nano-additives
    Hossain N, Mahlia TMI, Saidur R
    Biotechnol Biofuels, 2019;12:125.
    PMID: 31139255 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1465-0
    Background: Microalgae have been experimented as a potential feedstock for biofuel generation in current era owing to its' rich energy content, inflated growth rate, inexpensive culture approaches, the notable capacity of CO2 fixation, and O2 addition to the environment. Currently, research is ongoing towards the advancement of microalgal-biofuel technologies. The nano-additive application has been appeared as a prominent innovation to meet this phenomenon.

    Main text: The main objective of this study was to delineate the synergistic impact of microalgal biofuel integrated with nano-additive applications. Numerous nano-additives such as nano-fibres, nano-particles, nano-tubes, nano-sheets, nano-droplets, and other nano-structures' applications have been reviewed in this study to facilitate microalgae growth to biofuel utilization. The present paper was intended to comprehensively review the nano-particles preparing techniques for microalgae cultivation and harvesting, biofuel extraction, and application of microalgae-biofuel nano-particles blends. Prospects of solid nano-additives and nano-fluid applications in the future on microalgae production, microalgae biomass conversion to biofuels as well as enhancement of biofuel combustion for revolutionary advancement in biofuel technology have been demonstrated elaborately by this review. This study also highlighted the potential biofuels from microalgae, numerous technologies, and conversion processes. Along with that, the study recounted suitability of potential microalgae candidates with an integrated design generating value-added co-products besides biofuel production.

    Conclusions: Nano-additive applications at different stages from microalgae culture to end-product utilization presented strong possibility in mercantile approach as well as positive impact on the environment along with valuable co-products generation into the near future.

  2. Effective ultrasonication process for better colloidal dispersion of nanofluid
    Mahbubul IM, Saidur R, Amalina MA, Elcioglu EB, Okutucu-Ozyurt T
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2015 Sep;26:361-9.
    PMID: 25616639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.01.005
    Improving dispersion stability of nanofluids through ultrasonication has been shown to be effective. Determining specific conditions of ultrasonication for a certain nanofluid is necessary. For this purpose, nanofluids of varying nanoparticle concentrations were prepared and studied to find out a suitable and rather mono-dispersed concentration (i.e., 0.5 vol.%, determined through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses). This study aims to report applicable ultrasonication conditions for the dispersion of Al2O3 nanoparticles within H2O through the two-step production method. The prepared samples were ultrasonicated via an ultrasonic horn for 1-5h at two different amplitudes (25% and 50%). The microstructure, particle size distribution (PSD), and zeta potentials were analyzed to investigate the dispersion characteristics. Better particle dispersion, smaller aggregate sizes, and higher zeta potentials were observed at 3 and 5h of ultrasonication duration for the 50% and 25% of sonicator power amplitudes, respectively.
  3. Optimization of ultrasonication period for better dispersion and stability of TiO2-water nanofluid
    Mahbubul IM, Elcioglu EB, Saidur R, Amalina MA
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2017 Jul;37:360-367.
    PMID: 28427644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.01.024
    Nanofluids are promising in many fields, including engineering and medicine. Stability deterioration may be a critical constraint for potential applications of nanofluids. Proper ultrasonication can improve the stability, and possibility of the safe use of nanofluids in different applications. In this study, stability properties of TiO2-H2O nanofluid for varying ultrasonication durations were tested. The nanofluids were prepared through two-step method; and electron microscopies, with particle size distribution and zeta potential analyses were conducted for the evaluation of their stability. Results showed the positive impact of ultrasonication on nanofluid dispersion properties up to some extent. Ultrasonication longer than 150min resulted in re-agglomeration of nanoparticles. Therefore, ultrasonication for 150min was the optimum period yielding highest stability. A regression analysis was also done in order to relate the average cluster size and ultrasonication time to zeta potential. It can be concluded that performing analytical imaging and colloidal property evaluation during and after the sample preparation leads to reliable insights.
  4. Influence of solvents on the enhancement of thermophysical properties and stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanofluid
    Bakthavatchalam B, Habib K, Saidur R, Shahabuddin S, Saha BB
    Nanotechnology, 2020 Mar 20;31(23):235402.
    PMID: 32097901 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab79ab
    Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a contemporary class of nanoparticles that have a prominent thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. There have been numerous studies on the enhancement of thermophysical properties of nanofluids. However, there is only limited research on thermal and stability analysis of MWCNT nanofluids with various kinds of solvents or base fluids, namely propylene glycol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, methanol and water. This paper reports the enhancement of thermophysical properties and stability of MWCNTs with six different base fluids in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate surfactant with a mass concentration of 0.5 wt%. Thermal and dispersion stabilities were determined using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and Zeta potential, along with a visual inspection method to evaluate the agglomeration or sedimentation of MWCNT nanoparticles over a period of one month. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to identify the molecular components and light absorption of the formulated nanofluids at their maximum wavenumber (4500 cm-1) and wavelength (800 nm). In addition, thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, viscosity and density with a peak temperature of 200 °C were also experimentally evaluated. The TGA results illustrated that MWCNT/ethylene glycol nanofluid achieved maximum thermal stability at 140 °C and it revealed a maximum zeta potential value of -61.8 mV. Thus, ethylene glycol solution was found to be the best base liquid to homogenize with MWCNTs for acquiring an enhanced thermophysical property and a long-term stability.
  5. Economic assessment and ranking of wind power potential using fuzzy-TOPSIS approach
    Mohsin M, Zhang J, Saidur R, Sun H, Sait SM
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019 Aug;26(22):22494-22511.
    PMID: 31161545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05564-6
    In this study, we proposed integrated tools to evaluate the wind power potential, economic viability, and prioritize 15 proposed sites for the installation of wind farms. Initially, we used modified Weibull distribution model coupled with power law to assess the wind power potential. Secondly, we employed value cost method to estimate per unit cost ($/kWh) of proposed sites. Lastly, we used Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (F-TOPSIS) to rank the best alternatives. The results indicate that Pakistan has enormous wind power potential that cost varies from 0.06 $/kWh to 0.58 $/kWh; thus, sites S12, S13, S14, and S15 are considered as the most economic viable locations for the installation of wind power project, while remaining sites are considered to be less important, due to other complexities. The further analysis using Fuzzy-TOPSIS method reveals that site S13 is the most optimal location followed by S12, S14, and S14 for the development of wind power project. We proposed that government should formulate wind power policy for the implementation of wind power projects in order to meet energy demand of the country.
  6. Fulltext Thermohydraulic performance investigation of a heat exchanger with combined effect of ribbed insert and Therminol55/MXene+ Al2O3 nanofluid: A numerical two-phase approach
    Das L, Aslfattahi N, Habib K, Saidur R, Das A, Kadirgama K
    Heliyon, 2023 Mar;9(3):e14283.
    PMID: 36942246 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14283
    MXene-based nanofluids are novel trends with improved dispersion stability and thermophysical characteristics over previously established nanofluids. In the present work, the thermohydraulic characteristics of a double pipe heat exchanger (DPHEX) with a Therminol55(TH55)/MXene + Al2O3 nanofluid and various geometrically shaped (triangular, rectangular) ribbed twisted tape (TT) inserts are numerically investigated using the ANSYS Fluent interface. A counter flow arrangement with three different types of inserts (RRTT, TRTT, TT) and TH55/MXene + Al2O3 nanofluid at 0.20 wt% are studied inside the heat exchanger. Adding ribbed inserts to the conventional TT insert enhances the turbulence intensity by creating extra vortices. The thermal boundary layer grows thinner due to increased axial and radial velocity. Due to the substantial flow obstruction, adding ribs increases the overall pressure drop between the inlet and outlet. The maximum increase in Nu is 11.04 % using nanofluid instead of water, whereas the combination of insert and nanofluid exhibited up to 105 % enhancement for rectangular-ribbed TT compared to the plain tube. Nevertheless, the pressure decrease is found to be maximum in rectangular-ribbed TT because of significant flow disruption. This was likewise true with triangular-ribbed TT and TT insert. According to the PEC assessment, the RRTT insert had a maximum PEC value of 1.67 greater than TRTT and traditional TT for both TH55 and nanofluid flowing inside the tube. To summarize, the combination of TH55/MXene + Al2O3 RRTT insert may be a promising choice for improving heat exchanger performance in a new generation efficient thermal system.
  7. Fulltext Improved Thermophysical Properties and Energy Efficiency of Aqueous Ionic Liquid/MXene Nanofluid in a Hybrid PV/T Solar System
    Das L, Habib K, Saidur R, Aslfattahi N, Yahya SM, Rubbi F
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2020 Jul 14;10(7).
    PMID: 32674465 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071372
    In recent years, solar energy technologies have developed an emerging edge. The incessant research to develop a power source alternative to fossil fuel because of its scarcity and detrimental effects on the environment is the main driving force. In addition, nanofluids have gained immense interest as superior heat transfer fluid in solar technologies for the last decades. In this research, a binary solution of ionic liquid (IL) + water based ionanofluids is formulated successfully with two dimensional MXene (Ti3C2) nano additives at three distinct concentrations of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 wt % and the optimum concentration is used to check the performance of a hybrid solar PV/T system. The layered structure of MXene and high absorbance of prepared nanofluids have been perceived by SEM and UV-vis respectively. Rheometer and DSC are used to assess the viscosity and heat capacity respectively while transient hot wire technique is engaged for thermal conductivity measurement. A maximum improvement of 47% in thermal conductivity is observed for 0.20 wt % loading of MXene. Furthermore, the viscosity is found to rise insignificantly with addition of Ti3C2 by different concentrations. Conversely, viscosity decreases substantially as the temperature increases from 20 °C to 60 °C. However, based on their thermophysical properties, 0.20 wt % is found to be the optimum concentration. A comparative analysis in terms of heat transfer performance with three different nanofluids in PV/T system shows that, IL+ water/MXene ionanofluid exhibits highest thermal, electrical, and overall heat transfer efficiency compared to water/alumina, palm oil/MXene, and water alone. Maximum electrical efficiency and thermal efficiency are recorded as 13.95% and 81.15% respectively using IL + water/MXene, besides that, heat transfer coefficients are also noticed to increase by 12.6% and 2% when compared to water/alumina and palm oil/MXene respectively. In conclusion, it can be demonstrated that MXene dispersed ionanofluid might be great a prospect in the field of heat transfer applications since they can augment the heat transfer rate considerably which improves system efficiency.
  8. Fulltext Acacia Holosericea: An Invasive Species for Bio-char, Bio-oil, and Biogas Production
    Reza MS, Ahmed A, Caesarendra W, Abu Bakar MS, Shams S, Saidur R, et al.
    Bioengineering (Basel), 2019 Apr 16;6(2).
    PMID: 30995765 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6020033
    To evaluate the possibilities for biofuel and bioenergy production Acacia Holosericea, which is an invasive plant available in Brunei Darussalam, was investigated. Proximate analysis of Acacia Holosericea shows that the moisture content, volatile matters, fixed carbon, and ash contents were 9.56%, 65.12%, 21.21%, and 3.91%, respectively. Ultimate analysis shows carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen as 44.03%, 5.67%, and 0.25%, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results have shown that maximum weight loss occurred for this biomass at 357 °C for pyrolysis and 287 °C for combustion conditions. Low moisture content (<10%), high hydrogen content, and higher heating value (about 18.13 MJ/kg) makes this species a potential biomass. The production of bio-char, bio-oil, and biogas from Acacia Holosericea was found 34.45%, 32.56%, 33.09% for 500 °C with a heating rate 5 °C/min and 25.81%, 37.61%, 36.58% with a heating rate 10 °C/min, respectively, in this research. From Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy it was shown that a strong C-H, C-O, and C=C bond exists in the bio-char of the sample.
  9. Fulltext A Comparative Study of Cytotoxicity of PPG and PEG Surface-Modified 2-D Ti3C2 MXene Flakes on Human Cancer Cells and Their Photothermal Response
    Rashid B, Anwar A, Shahabuddin S, Mohan G, Saidur R, Aslfattahi N, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2021 Aug 04;14(16).
    PMID: 34442891 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164370
    The MXenes are a novel family of 2-D materials with promising biomedical activity, however, their anticancer potential is still largely unexplored. In this study, a comparative cytotoxicity investigation of Ti3C2 MXenes with polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface-modified 2-D Ti3C2 MXene flakes has been conducted towards normal and cancerous human cell lines. The wet chemical etching method was used to synthesize MXene followed by a simple chemical mixing method for surface modification of Ti3C2 MXene with PPG and PEG molecules. SEM and XRD analyses were performed to examine surface morphology and elemental composition, respectively. FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to confirm surface modification and light absorption, respectively. The cell lines used to study the cytotoxicity of MXene and surface-modified MXenes in this study were normal (HaCaT and MCF-10A) and cancerous (MCF-7 and A375) cells. These cell lines were also used as controls (without exposure to study material and irradiation) to measure their baseline cell viability under the same lab environment. The surface-modified MXenes exhibited a sharp reduction in cell viability towards both normal (HaCaT and MCF-10A) and cancerous (MCF-7 and A375) cells but cytotoxicity was more pronounced towards cancerous cell lines. This may be due to the difference in cell metabolism and the occurrence of high pre-existing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cancerous cells. The highest toxicity towards both normal and cancerous cell lines was observed with PEGylated MXenes followed by PPGylated and bare MXenes. The normal cell's viability was barely above 70% threshold with 250 mg/L PEGylated MXene concentration whereas PPGylated and bare MXene were less toxic towards normal cells, even at 500 mg/L concentration. Moreover, the toxicity was found to be directly related to the type of cell lines. In general, the HaCaT cell line exhibited the lowest toxicity while toxicity was highest in the case of the A375 cell line. The photothermal studies revealed high photo response for PEGylated MXene followed by PPGylated and bare MXenes. However, the PPGylated MXene's lower cytotoxicity towards normal cells while comparable toxicity towards malignant cells as compared to PEGylated MXenes makes the former a relatively safe and effective anticancer agent.
  10. Fulltext Fabrication and Characterization of an Electrospun PHA/Graphene Silver Nanocomposite Scaffold for Antibacterial Applications
    Mukheem A, Muthoosamy K, Manickam S, Sudesh K, Shahabuddin S, Saidur R, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2018 Sep 10;11(9).
    PMID: 30201852 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091673
    Many wounds are unresponsive to currently available treatment techniques and therefore there is an immense need to explore suitable materials, including biomaterials, which could be considered as the crucial factor to accelerate the healing cascade. In this study, we fabricated polyhydroxyalkanoate-based antibacterial mats via an electrospinning technique. One-pot green synthesized graphene-decorated silver nanoparticles (GAg) were incorporated into the fibres of poly-3 hydroxybutarate-co-12 mol.% hydroxyhexanoate (P3HB-co-12 mol.% HHx), a co-polymer of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family which is highly biocompatible, biodegradable, and flexible in nature. The synthesized PHA/GAg biomaterial has been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An in vitro antibacterial analysis was performed to investigate the efficacy of PHA/GAg against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain 12,600 ATCC and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain 8739 ATCC. The results indicated that the PHA/GAg demonstrated significant reduction of S. aureus and E. coli as compared to bare PHA or PHA- reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in 2 h of time. The p value (p < 0.05) was obtained by using a two-sample t-test distribution.
  11. Novel magnetic graphene oxide functionalized cyanopropyl nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media: equilibrium and kinetic studies
    Gabris MA, Jume BH, Rezaali M, Shahabuddin S, Nodeh HR, Saidur R
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2018 Sep;25(27):27122-27132.
    PMID: 30022389 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2749-9
    This work presents the synthesis of the novel silica-cyanopropyl functionalized magnetic graphene oxide (MGO/SiO2-CN) hybrid nanomaterial derived by sol-gel method as a cheap efficient magnetic sorbent for the removal of extremely hazardous lead ions from aqueous media. The integration of the magnetic property, the carbon substrate, and the nitrile (-C ≡ N) containing organic grafted silica matrix promoted the adsorption capability against lead ions along with its simple synthesis recovery and low cost. The prepared nanocomposite was comprehensively characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Adsorption of lead was found to be pH dependent because of the charged nature of both analyte and adsorbent surface. Adsorption experiments were conducted under the optimum conditions, and the obtained experimental data from atomic absorption spectroscopy were analyzed using the popular isothermal models namely Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms as well as kinetically studied and evaluated for adsorption standard free energy (E). The experimental results have demonstrated the enhanced adsorption capability of the proposed sorbent nanocomposite for lead ion removal with the maximum adsorption capacity of 111.11 mg/g at pH 5.0. The proposed mechanism of lead adsorption was mainly attributed to the complexation of lead positive ions with the grafted -C ≡ N bond. The synergistic effect of the combination of three components (i.e., the magnetic graphene oxide matrix, the triple bond containing organic moiety, and the inorganic porous silica framework) excelled the adsorption capability and proved to be a good candidate as adsorbent for the removal of lead ions.
  12. Correction: Recent trends in carbon nanotube (CNT)-based biosensors for the fast and sensitive detection of human viruses: a critical review
    Meskher H, Mustansar HC, Thakur AK, Sathyamurthy R, Lynch I, Singh P, et al.
    Nanoscale Adv, 2023 Oct 24;5(21):5983.
    PMID: 37881720 DOI: 10.1039/d3na90097e
    [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2NA00236A.].
  13. Fulltext The influence of covalent and non-covalent functionalization of GNP based nanofluids on its thermophysical, rheological and suspension stability properties
    Hussein OA, Habib K, Saidur R, Muhsan AS, Shahabuddin S, Alawi OA
    RSC Adv, 2019 Nov 25;9(66):38576-38589.
    PMID: 35540235 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07811h
    Covalent functionalization (CF-GNPs) and non-covalent functionalization (NCF-GNPs) approaches were applied to prepare graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The impact of using four surfactants (SDS, CTAB, Tween-80, and Triton X-100) was studied with four test times (15, 30, 60, and 90 min) and four weight concentrations. The stable thermal conductivity and viscosity were measured as a function of temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy verified the fundamental efficient and stable CF. Several techniques, such as dispersion of particle size, FESEM, FETEM, EDX, zeta potential, and UV-vis spectrophotometry, were employed to characterize both the dispersion stability and morphology of functionalized materials. At ultrasonic test time, the highest stability of nanofluids was achieved at 60 min. As a result, the thermal conductivity displayed by CF-GNPs was higher than NCF-GNPs and distilled water. In conclusion, the improvement in thermal conductivity and stability displayed by CF-GNPs was higher than those of NCF-GNPs, while the lowest viscosity was 8% higher than distilled water, and the best thermal conductivity improvement was recorded at 29.2%.
  14. Fulltext MXene Based Nanocomposites for Recent Solar Energy Technologies
    Alhamada TF, Azmah Hanim MA, Jung DW, Saidur R, Nuraini A, Hasan WZW
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2022 Oct 18;12(20).
    PMID: 36296856 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203666
    This article discusses the design and preparation of a modified MXene-based nanocomposite for increasing the power conversion efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. The MXene family of materials among 2D nanomaterials has shown considerable promise in enhancing solar cell performance because of their remarkable surface-enhanced characteristics. Firstly, there are a variety of approaches to making MXene-reinforced composites, from solution mixing to powder metallurgy. In addition, their outstanding features, including high electrical conductivity, Young's modulus, and distinctive shape, make them very advantageous for composite synthesis. In contrast, its excellent chemical stability, electronic conductivity, tunable band gaps, and ion intercalation make it a promising contender for various applications. Photovoltaic devices, which turn sunlight into electricity, are an exciting new area of research for sustainable power. Based on an analysis of recent articles, the hydro-thermal method has been widely used for synthesizing MXene-based nano-composites because of the easiness of fabrication and low cost. Finally, we identify new perspectives for adjusting the performance of MXene for various nanocomposites by controlling the composition of the two-dimensional transition metal MXene phase.
  15. Evolution of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery in Electrode
    Hossain MH, Abdullah N, Tan KH, Saidur R, Mohd Radzi MA, Shafie S
    Chem Rec, 2024 Jan;24(1):e202300092.
    PMID: 37144668 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300092
    The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a highly regarded technology for large-scale energy storage due to its outstanding features, such as scalability, efficiency, long lifespan, and site independence. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of its performance in carbon-based electrodes, along with a comprehensive review of the system's principles and mechanisms. It discusses potential applications, recent industrial involvement, and economic factors associated with VRFB technology. The study also covers the latest advancements in VRFB electrodes, including electrode surface modification and electrocatalyst materials, and highlights their effects on the VRFB system's performance. Additionally, the potential of two-dimensional material MXene to enhance electrode performance is evaluated, and the author concludes that MXenes offer significant advantages for use in high-power VRFB at a low cost. Finally, the paper reviews the challenges and future development of VRFB technology.
  16. Fulltext Optimization of Thermophysical and Rheological Properties of Mxene Ionanofluids for Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Systems
    Bakthavatchalam B, Habib K, Saidur R, Aslfattahi N, Yahya SM, Rashedi A, et al.
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2021 Jan 27;11(2).
    PMID: 33513770 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020320
    Since technology progresses, the need to optimize the thermal system's heat transfer efficiency is continuously confronted by researchers. A primary constraint in the production of heat transfer fluids needed for ultra-high performance was its intrinsic poor heat transfer properties. MXene, a novel 2D nanoparticle possessing fascinating properties has emerged recently as a potential heat dissipative solute in nanofluids. In this research, 2D MXenes (Ti3C2) are synthesized via chemical etching and blended with a binary solution containing Diethylene Glycol (DEG) and ionic liquid (IL) to formulate stable nanofluids at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 wt%. Furthermore, the effect of different temperatures on the studied liquid's thermophysical characteristics such as thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, specific heat capacity, thermal stability and the rheological property was experimentally conducted. A computational analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of ionic liquid-based 2D MXene nanofluid (Ti3C2/DEG+IL) in hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems. A 3D numerical model is developed to evaluate the thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, heat transfer coefficient, pumping power and temperature distribution. The simulations proved that the studied working fluid in the PV/T system results in an enhancement of thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency and heat transfer coefficient by 78.5%, 18.7% and 6%, respectively.
  17. Fulltext Recent trends in carbon nanotube (CNT)-based biosensors for the fast and sensitive detection of human viruses: a critical review
    Meskher H, Mustansar HC, Thakur AK, Sathyamurthy R, Lynch I, Singh P, et al.
    Nanoscale Adv, 2023 Feb 14;5(4):992-1010.
    PMID: 36798507 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00236a
    The current COVID-19 pandemic, with its numerous variants including Omicron which is 50-70% more transmissible than the previously dominant Delta variant, demands a fast, robust, cheap, and easily deployed identification strategy to reduce the chain of transmission, for which biosensors have been shown as a feasible solution at the laboratory scale. The use of nanomaterials has significantly enhanced the performance of biosensors, and the addition of CNTs has increased detection capabilities to an unrivaled level. Among the various CNT-based detection systems, CNT-based field-effect transistors possess ultra-sensitivity and low-noise detection capacity, allowing for immediate analyte determination even in the presence of limited analyte concentrations, which would be typical of early infection stages. Recently, CNT field-effect transistor-type biosensors have been successfully used in the fast diagnosis of COVID-19, which has increased research and commercial interest in exploiting current developments of CNT field-effect transistors. Recent progress in the design and deployment of CNT-based biosensors for viral monitoring are covered in this paper, as are the remaining obstacles and prospects. This work also highlights the enormous potential for synergistic effects of CNTs used in combination with other nanomaterials for viral detection.
  18. Fulltext A review about COVID-19 in the MENA region: environmental concerns and machine learning applications
    Meskher H, Belhaouari SB, Thakur AK, Sathyamurthy R, Singh P, Khelfaoui I, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Nov;29(55):82709-82728.
    PMID: 36223015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23392-z
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has delayed global economic growth, which has affected the economic life globally. On the one hand, numerous elements in the environment impact the transmission of this new coronavirus. Every country in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) area has a different population density, air quality and contaminants, and water- and land-related conditions, all of which influence coronavirus transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) has advocated fast evaluations to guide policymakers with timely evidence to respond to the situation. This review makes four unique contributions. One, many data about the transmission of the new coronavirus in various sorts of settings to provide clear answers to the current dispute over the virus's transmission were reviewed. Two, highlight the most significant application of machine learning to forecast and diagnose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Three, our insights provide timely and accurate information along with compelling suggestions and methodical directions for investigators. Four, the present study provides decision-makers and community leaders with information on the effectiveness of environmental controls for COVID-19 dissemination.
  19. Fulltext Boron Nitride Doped Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Chitosan Nanocomposite for Antibacterial and Biological Applications
    Mukheem A, Shahabuddin S, Akbar N, Miskon A, Muhamad Sarih N, Sudesh K, et al.
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2019 Apr 21;9(4).
    PMID: 31010071 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040645
    The present research focused on the fabrication of biocompatible polyhydroxyalkanoate, chitosan, and hexagonal boron nitride incorporated (PHA/Ch-hBN) nanocomposites through a simple solvent casting technique. The fabricated nanocomposites were comprehensively characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR), field emission scanning electroscope (FESEM), and elemental mapping and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial activity of nanocomposites were investigated through time-kill method against multi drug resistant (MDR) microbes such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) K1 strains. In addition, nanocomposites have examined for their host cytotoxicity abilities using a Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cell lines. The results demonstrated highly significant antibacterial activity against MDR organisms and also significant cell viability as compared to the positive control. The fabricated PHA/Ch-hBN nanocomposite demonstrated effective antimicrobial and biocompatibility properties that would feasibly suit antibacterial and biomedical applications.
  20. Advanced functional materials based on nanocellulose/Mxene: A review
    Al-Fakih GOA, Ilyas RA, Atiqah A, Atikah MSN, Saidur R, Dufresne A, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Sep 03.
    PMID: 39256123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135207
    The escalating need for a sustainable future has driven the advancement of renewable functional materials. Nanocellulose, derived from the abundant natural biopolymer cellulose, demonstrates noteworthy characteristics, including high surface area, crystallinity, mechanical strength, and modifiable chemistry. When combined with two-dimensional (2D) graphitic materials, nanocellulose can generate sophisticated hybrid materials with diverse applications as building blocks, carriers, scaffolds, and reinforcing constituents. This review highlights the progress of research on advanced functional materials based on the integration of nanocellulose, a versatile biopolymer with tailorable properties, and MXenes, a new class of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides known for their excellent conductivity, mechanical strength, and large surface area. By addressing the challenges and envisioning future prospects, this review underscores the burgeoning opportunities inherent in MXene/nanocellulose composites, heralding a sustainable frontier in the field of materials science.
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