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Fulltext Retraction: Sasidharan et al. Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effects of lantadene A, a pentacyclic triterpenoid of Lantana plants against acetaminophen-induced liver damage. Molecules 2012, 17, 13937-13947

Sasidharan S

Molecules, 2013 Mar 27;18(4):3839-40.

PMID: 23535517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18043839

A recent Comment by M. Sharma published in the journal Molecules [1] raises issues with our previously published paper [2]. After reviewing its content, and although we respectfully stand by our experimental description whereby we were able to prepare stock and working solutions of the substance being tested, the arguments presented do raise concerns about the true identity of the compound actually used and hence the results and conclusions of our paper.

Anti-Candida albicans biofilm activity by Cassia spectabilis standardized methanol extract: an ultrastructural study

Torey A, Sasidharan S

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2011 Aug;15(8):875-82.

PMID: 21845797

Candida (C.) albicans infection in its biofilm mode of growth has taken centre point with the increasing recognition of its role in human infections due to the development of resistance to the commonly used antibiotic or phenotypic adaptation within the biofilm. Hence, in this study the inhibitory effect of methanol extract of Cassia (C.) spectabilis leaves was evaluated against biofilm forming C. albicans.

Fulltext Antimicrobial activity of Emilia sonchifolia DC., Tridax procumbens L. and Vernonia cinerea L. of Asteracea family: potential as food preservatives

Yoga Latha, L., Darah, I., Sasidharan, S., Jain, K.

Malays J Nutr, 2009;15(2):223-231.

MyJurnal

Chemical preservatives have been used in the food industry for many years. However, with increased health concerns, consumers prefer additive-free products or food preservatives based on natural products. This study evaluated antimicrobial activities of extracts from Emilia sonchifolia L. (Common name: lilac tassel flower), Tridax procumbens L. (Common name: tridax daisy) and Vernonia cinerea L. (Common name: Sahadevi), belonging to the Asteracea family, to explore their potential for use against general food spoilage and human pathogens so that new food preservatives may be developed. Three methanol extracts of these plants were tested in vitro against 20 bacterial species, 3 yeast species, and 12 filamentous fungi by the agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. The V. cinerea extract was found to be most effective against all of the tested organisms and the methanol fraction showed the most significant (p < 0.05) antimicrobial
activity among all the soluble fractions tested. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of extracts determined by the broth dilution method ranged from 1.56 to 100.00mg/mL. The MIC of methanol fraction was the lowest in comparison to the other four extracts. The study findings indicate that bioactive natural products from these plants may be isolated for further testing as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals in food preservation as well as natural plant-based medicine.

Fulltext Toxicity evaluation of methanol extract of clitoria ternatea l. leaf

Kamilla, L., Ramanathan, S., Sasidharan, S., Mansor, S.M.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2012;8(2):33-39.

MyJurnal

The Clitoria ternatea (Fabaceae) root, seed, and leaf are commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine in Malaysia and Indonesia. The methanol leaf extracts of C. ternatea was tested for toxicity by means of brine shrimp lethality test and acute oral toxicity assay. In the brine shrimp lethality test, the leaf extract were non-toxic or showed weak lethality (LC50 > 1 mg/ml) at the 6 h, 12 h and 24 h incubation period. Nevertheless, at the 48 h incubation time, the leaf extract exhibited moderate toxicity activity with LC50 values of 0.49 mg/ml. In the acute toxicity study using mice, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was found greater than 2000 mg/kg, and we found no pathological changes by means of macroscopic examination of tissues of mice treated with the extract. We conclude that the C. ternatea leaf extract is not toxic in mice and brine shrimp.

Fulltext Functional analysis of down-regulated miRNA-221-5p in HeLa cell treated with polyphenol-rich Polyalthia longifolia as regulators of apoptotic HeLa cell death

Shanmugapriya, Sasidharan S

3 Biotech, 2020 May;10(5):206.

PMID: 32346497 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02193-6

MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding-RNAs that control gene expression and cancer development. Previous studies reported that Polyalthia longifolia treatment induced apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells by down-regulation of miR-221-5p. Hence, the current study was conducted to validate the down-regulated miR-221-5p in HeLa cells. Functional analysis of miR-221-5p was conducted through the gain-of-function, and loss-of-function approach and the miRNA expression was quantified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The P. longifolia treatment significantly (p

Coaxing cancer pro-apoptoticity: an approach blending therapeutic miRNAs and dietary phytochemicals

Vijayarathna S, Sasidharan S

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(13):5499-500.

PMID: 25041025

Fulltext Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Elaeis guineensis on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines

Vijayarathna S, Sasidharan S

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Oct;2(10):826-9.

PMID: 23569855 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60237-8

To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Elaeis guineensis methanol extract on MCF-7 and Vero cell.

In vitro and in situ antiyeast activity of Gracilaria changii methanol extract against Candida albicans

Sasidharan S, Darah I, Jain K

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2011 Sep;15(9):1020-6.

PMID: 22013724

The Gracilaria (G.) sp are widely used in the traditional medicine in Malaysia. The methanol extract of Gracilaria changii B.M. Xia & I.A. Abbott (Gracilariaciae) was evaluated for antiyeast activity against Candida albicans (Berkhout).

Fulltext In vivo toxicity study of Lantana camara

Pour BM, Sasidharan S

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2011 Jun;1(3):230-2.

PMID: 23569765 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60033-6

To investigate the toxicity of methanol extract of various parts (Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower and Fruit) of Lantana camara (L. Camara) in Artemia salina.

Fulltext Development and evaluation of a new growth medium for Helicobacter pylori

Sasidharan S, Uyub AM

FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 2009 Jun;56(1):94-7.

PMID: 19309485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00554.x

The present study was aimed at modifying the original formulation of Commercial Eugon agar (CEA) to develop a new H. pylori growth medium. Initial studies were carried out to determine the number of H. pylori colonies recovered on in-house H. pylori agar (IHPA), IHPA without L-cysteine and sodium sulfite (IHPA-NC), IHPA without L-cysteine (IHPA-C), IHPA without sodium sulfite (IHPA-N) and CEA as the control. Significant differences (P < 0.001) in the number of colonies recovered were observed between IHPA-N, IHPA-NC and IHPA-C. Incorporation of sodium sulfite decreased the number of colonies recovered, indicating that sodium sulfite was inhibitory to H. pylori growth. Removal of L-cysteine reduced the number of colonies recovered, suggesting that L-cysteine is necessary for the growth of H. pylori. In the subsequent study, incorporation of K(2)HPO(4) further increased the number of colonies recovered compared with IHPA-N (P < 0.001), and 0.25% (w/v) of K(2)HPO(4) yielded the highest numbers of colonies (P < or = 0.04). Finally, thirty other H. pylori clinical isolates were evaluated for their growth in the IHPAP-N, a new medium consisting of 1.5% (w/v) pepticase, 0.5% (w/v) peptone, 0.4% (w/v) sodium chloride, 0.03% (w/v) L-cysteine, 0.55% (w/v) dextrose, 0.25% (w/v) K(2)HPO(4) and 1.5% (w/v) agar. The number of colonies recovered in IHPAP-N was significantly (P < 0.005) higher than that of CEA. IHPAP-N with 0.25% K(2)HPO(4) and without sodium sulfite were adequate solid media for the growth of H. pylori.

In situ TEM and SEM studies on the antimicrobial activity and prevention of Candida albicans biofilm by Cassia spectabilis extract

Sangetha S, Zuraini Z, Suryani S, Sasidharan S

Micron, 2009 Jun;40(4):439-43.

PMID: 19261482 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.01.003

The inhibitory effect of Cassia spectabilis methanol leaf extract was evaluated against biofilm forming Candida albicans, which was sensitive to 6.25 mg/ml concentration of the extract. Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations were used to study the anticandidal activity and prevention of biofilm formation by the C. spectabilis extract. SEM analysis further revealed reduction in C. albicans biofilm in response to the extract. The main abnormalities noted via TEM study was the alterations in morphology and complete collapse of the yeast cells after 36 h of exposure to the extract. The significant antifungal activity shown by this methanol extract of C. spectabilis suggests its potential against infections caused by C. albicans.

Antibody response to Helicobacter pylori excretory antigen and the cross reaction study

Sasidharan S, Uyub AM

J Immunoassay Immunochem, 2009;30(1):70-81.

PMID: 19117203 DOI: 10.1080/15321810802569477

Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a major case of gastritis and peptic ulcer and a key factor in the development of gastric cancer, gastric lymphoma, and non-ulcerative dyspepsia in man. The detection of antibodies specific for strains of H. pylori has demonstrated the value of serology for providing evidence of infection. The present study was conducted to detect the antigenic proteins of excretory antigen of H. pylori with Western blotting and examine whether anti-H. pylori IgG and IgA antibodies from H. pylori positive patients cross-react with antigens from other common bacterial pathogens. By using SDS-PAGE, 20 different proteins were found in the excretory antigen. By Western blotting and absorption studies, there were indications that anti-H. pylori IgA antibodies directed against 54 kDa, 50 kDa and 27 kDa cross-reacted with antigens from other bacteria, and that H. pylori proteins of 99 kDa, 88 kDa and 81 kDa possibly shared similar epitope with antigens of other pathogens not tested in the absorption studies. The cross-reactivity occurred in this study was not significantly affect the performance of the in-house ELISA.

Fungicidal effect and oral acute toxicity of Cassia spectabilis leaf extract

Sangetha S, Zuraini Z, Sasidharan S, Suryani S

Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, 2008;49(4):299-304.

PMID: 19001757

The fungicidal activity of Cassia spectabilis leaf extracts was investigated using the disk diffusion technique and the broth dilution method. The extract showed a favorable antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans with a minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) value of 6.25 mg / ml. Apart from the fungicidal effects, imaging using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to determine the major alterations in the microstructure of the C. albicans. The main abnormalities noted in the SEM studies were the alterations in morphology and complete collapse of the yeast cells after 36 h of exposure to the extract. The in vitro time-kill study performed using the leaf extract at 1/2, 1 or 2 times of the MIC significantly inhibited the yeast growth with a noticeable drop in optical density (OD) of yeast culture, thus confirming the fungicidal effect of the extract on C. albicans. In addition, in vivo antifungal activity studies on candidiasis in mice showed a 5-fold decrease in Candida in kidneys and blood samples in the groups of animals treated with the extract (2.5 g / kg body weight). In an acute toxicity study using mice, the acute minimum fatal dose of the extract was greater than 2000 mg / kg, and we found no histopathological changes in macroscopic examination by necropsy of mice treated with extract. We conclude that the extract may be safely used as an anticandidal agent.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among asymptomatic healthy blood donors in Northern Peninsular Malaysia

Sasidharan S, Uyub AM

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2009 Apr;103(4):395-8.

PMID: 19211121 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.11.021

Helicobacter pylori infection is recognized as being strongly associated with chronic gastritis, duodenal ulceration and, probably, gastric carcinoma. Seroepidemiological studies have shown that a large proportion of healthy people have antibodies against H. pylori. A serological study was conducted in asymptomatic healthy blood donors in Northern Peninsular Malaysia to assess the seropositivity for H. pylori and to investigate the relationship with ethnic group, gender, ABO blood group and age. A total of 5370 serum samples collected from 3677 male and 1693 female donors in different age groups, and who had no gastrointestinal complaints, were studied with an in-house ELISA for the presence of H. pylori IgG and IgA antibodies. Seven hundred and sixty subjects (14.2%) were seropositive. The overall seropositivity did not differ with ethnicity, gender, ABO blood group and age among asymptomatic healthy blood donors in Northern Peninsular Malaysia.

Fulltext Validation of target proteins of down-regulated miR-221-5p in HeLa cells treated with Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract using label-free quantitative proteomics approaches

Shanmugapriya, Othman N, Sasidharan S

3 Biotech, 2020 Sep;10(9):399.

PMID: 32850286 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02396-x

The current study was conducted to validate the target proteins of down-regulated miR-221-5p in HeLa cells treated with P. longifolia leaf extract. The validation was done by label-free quantitative proteomics approaches, Gene Ontology (GO) and protein-protein interaction analyses after the cells transfected with miRNA mimics or miRNA inhibitor. The LC-ESI-MS/MS identified a total of 1061, 668, 564 and 940 proteins from untransfected and untreated HeLa cells, untransfected P. longifolia leaf extract-treated HeLa cells, miR-221-5p mimic-transfected P. longifolia leaf extract-treated HeLa cells and anti-miR-221-5p-transfected P. longifolia leaf extract-treated HeLa cells, respectively. The proteomic, GO and protein-protein interaction analyses showed that P. longifolia treatment regulated various protein expressions in HeLa cells, namely tropomyosin, PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator protein (PAWR), alpha-enolase and beta-enolase, which induced apoptotic cell death after the down-regulation of miR-221-5p. Conclusively, this study showed P. longifolia leaf extract's vital contribution in regulating various protein expressions in HeLa cervical cancer cells to induce apoptotic cell death after downregulation miR-221-5p.

In vitro antiaging activity of polyphenol rich Polyalthia longifolia (Annonaceae) leaf extract in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast cells

Hemagirri M, Sasidharan S

J Ethnopharmacol, 2022 Feb 15;290:115110.

PMID: 35181488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115110

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Polyalthia longifolia var. angustifolia Thw. (Annonaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine as a tonic for rejuvenation and exhibiting good antioxidant activities.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate P. longifolia methanolic leaf extract (PLME) antiaging activity at 1 mg/mL in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antiaging effect of PLME was studied via replicative lifespan assay, antioxidative stress assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination, reduced glutathione (GSH) determination, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) genes regulation studies and SOD and SIRT1 proteins activities.

RESULTS: The PLME treatment increased the growth and prolonged the lifespan of the yeast significantly (p S. cerevisiae, by modulating oxidative stress, enhancing GSH content, and increasing SOD and SIRT1 genes expression.

Functional Validation of DownRegulated MicroRNAs in HeLa Cells Treated with Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Extract Using Different Microscopic Approaches: A Morphological Alteration-Based Validation

Shanmugapriya, Vijayarathna S, Sasidharan S

Microsc Microanal, 2019 10;25(5):1263-1272.

PMID: 31383043 DOI: 10.1017/S1431927619014776

Several microscopy methods have been developed to assess the morphological changes in cells in the investigations of the mode of cell death in response to a stimulus. Our recent finding on the treatment of the IC50 concentration (26.67 μg/mL) of Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract indicated the induction of apoptotic cell death via the regulation of miRNA in HeLa cells. Hence, the current study was conducted to validate the function of these downregulated microRNAs in P. longifolia-treated HeLa cells using microscopic approaches. These include scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI)-based fluorescent microscopy techniques by observing the morphological alterations to cells after transfection with mimic miRNA. Interestingly, the morphological changes observed in this study demonstrated the apoptotic hallmarks, for instance, cell blebbing, cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation, vacuolization, cytoplasmic extrusion, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, which proved the role of dysregulated miRNAs in apoptotic HeLa cell death after treatment with the P. longifolia leaf extract. Conclusively, the current study proved the crucial role of downregulated miR-484 and miR-221-5p in the induction of apoptotic cell death in P. longifolia-treated HeLa cells using three approaches-SEM, TEM, and AO/PI-based fluorescent microscope.

Evaluation of In Situ Antiaging Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 Yeast Cells Treated with Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Methanolic Extract (PLME) Using Different Microscopic Approaches: A Morphology-Based Evaluation

Hemagirri M, Sasidharan S

Microsc Microanal, 2022 Mar 09.

PMID: 35260222 DOI: 10.1017/S1431927622000393

Polyalthia longifolia is known for its anti-oxidative properties, which might contribute to the antiaging action. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate the antiaging activity of P. longifolia leaf methanolic extract (PLME) in a yeast model based on morphology using microscopic approaches. Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 strain yeast cells were treated with 1.00 mg/mL of PLME. The antiaging activity was assessed by determining the replicative lifespan, total lifespan, vacuole morphology by light microscopy, extra-morphology by scanning (SEM), and intra-morphology by transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The findings demonstrated that PLME treatment significantly accelerated the replicative and total lifespan of the yeast cells. PLME treatment also delays the formation of large apoptotic-like type 3 yeast cell vacuoles. The untreated yeast cells demonstrated aging morphology via SEM analysis, such as shrinking, regional invaginations, and wrinkled cell surface. The TEM analysis revealed the quintessential aging intracellular morphology such as swollen, wrinkled, or damaged vacuole formation of the circular endoplasmic reticulum, a rupture in the nuclear membrane, fragmentation of the nucleus, and complete damaged cytoplasm. Decisively, the present study revealed the vital role of PLME in the induction of antiaging activity in a yeast model using three microscopic approaches—SEM, TEM, and bright-field light microscope.

Fulltext Antimicrobial drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy products

Sasidharan S, Prema B, Yoga LL

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2011 Apr;1(2):130-2.

PMID: 23569742 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60010-5

To evaluate the prevalence of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in dairy products.

Antimicrobial activities of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC extracts

Sasidharan S, Zuraini Z, Yoga Latha L, Sangetha S, Suryani S

Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2008 Jun;5(3):303-9.

PMID: 18767977 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2007.0078

Consecutive chloroform, ethanol, and ethyl acetate partitions of extracts from winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC] root, stem, leaf, and pod extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against 19 microbial species, including 11 bacterial pathogens, four yeasts, and four molds using the disk diffusion assay technique. The pod extract was found to be most effective against all of the tested organisms, followed by the stem, root, and leaf extracts, and the ethanol fraction showed the most significant (p < 0.05) antimicrobial activity against all of the tests among three soluble fractions of extract, followed by the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of extracts determined by the broth dilution method ranged from 1.25 to 10.0 mg/mL. The MIC of ethanol fraction of pod extracts was the lowest by comparison with the other two extracts. The MIC for fungi was at or below 2.5 mg/mL and for bacteria was at or above 2.5 mg/mL.

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