Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 83 in total

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  1. Intra-epithelially entrapped blood vessels in ameloblastoma
    Siar CH, Ishak I, Ng KH
    J Oral Pathol Med, 2015 May;44(5):378-85.
    PMID: 25155411 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12247
    The ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive odontogenic neoplasm with a high recurrence rate. While significant progress has been made in our understanding regarding the role of tumoral vasculature relative to the diverse behavioral characteristics of this tumor, no attention has been paid to a distinct subset of blood vessels entrapped within its epithelial compartment. As vascular niches are known to influence tumoral growth, clarification of these vessels is important. The objectives of this study were to investigate the morphologic characteristics of intra-epithelially entrapped blood vessels (IEBVs) in ameloblastoma and to speculate on their relevance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression
  2. Fulltext The Psychology of Murder Concealment Acts
    Kamaluddin MR, Mahat NA, Mat Saat GA, Othman A, Anthony IL, Kumar S, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 03 18;18(6).
    PMID: 33803514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063113
    The escalating trend of murder victim concealment worldwide appears worrying, and literature does not reveal any specific study focusing on victim concealment amongst convicted male Malaysian murderers. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the psychological traits that may underlie the act of murder concealment in Malaysia via mixed method approaches. Male murderers (n = 71) from 11 prisons were selected via purposive sampling technique. In the quantitative analysis, a cross-sectional study design using the validated questionnaire was used. The questionnaire contained murder concealment variables and four Malay validated psychometric instruments measuring: personality traits, self-control, aggression, and cognitive distortion. The independent sample t-tests revealed the significantly higher level of anger in murderers who did not commit concealment acts (8.55 ± 2.85, p < 0.05) when compared with those who did so (6.40 ± 2.64). Meanwhile, the Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed that anger and the personality trait of aggressiveness-hostility significantly varied across the different groups of murder concealment acts (p < 0.05). The qualitative data obtained via the in-depth interviews revealed two important themes for the murderers to commit murder concealment acts: (1) fear of discovery and punishment and (2) blaming others. These findings discussed from the perspectives of the murderers within the context of criminology and psychology may provide the first ever insight into the murder concealment acts in Malaysia that can benefit the relevant authorities for crime prevention and investigation efforts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression*
  3. Some expressions of passive-aggression
    Sarbadhikary D
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Dec;23(2):106-9.
    PMID: 4240819
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression*
  4. Self-Esteem, Narcissism, and Aggression: Different Types of Self-Esteem Predict Different Types of Aggression
    Amad S, Gray NS, Snowden RJ
    J Interpers Violence, 2021 12;36(23-24):NP13296-NP13313.
    PMID: 32065011 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520905540
    The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem, narcissism, and measures of proactive and reactive aggression in two large community samples of young adults from two countries (the United Kingdom and Malaysia). Self-esteem and narcissism were measured through the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, whereas aggression was measured by the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire in 501 young adults with approximately equal numbers of men and women. In both countries, low levels of self-esteem were associated with reactive aggression while high levels of narcissism were associated with proactive aggression. Although this pattern was similar for both genders, the associations between both types of self-evaluation and proactive aggression were greater for men. The results suggest that people with low self-esteem are prone to greater reactive aggression due to anger and hostility, whereas those with high levels of narcissism can act with deliberate, planned aggression to achieve a goal. These effects appear stable across gender and culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression*
  5. An obscured obstacle-Prevalence and nature of micro aggressions amongst healthcare professionals
    Elfaham RH, Allihaydan FS, Baragaa LAA, Elfaham SH, Allihaydan NS, Maqbul MS, et al.
    Semergen, 2024 Mar;50(2):102124.
    PMID: 38043388 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102124
    INTRODUCTION: Microaggressions create negative consequences on the mental health of individuals who experience them, such as feelings of alienation, frustration and low self-esteem. Physicians worldwide are negatively impacted by the detrimental effects of microaggressions and implicit bias. It is imperative to establish the prevalence specificity of the problem hence the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, nature and determinants of microaggressions amongst healthcare professionals.

    METHOD: The study used an online anonymous survey to collect data including demographics, awareness of the term, experience of microaggression, acts and response. The research findings were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses using Chi-square test and binary logistic regression respectively.

    RESULT: A total of 443 participants (40.9% males, 59.1% females) included 403 physicians (91%), 21 dentists (4.7%), 15 nurses (3.4%) and 4 pharmacists (0.9%). More than half of the participants (59.8%) were aware of the term micro-aggression. The percentage was significantly higher among respondents from the western region of Saudi Arabia than the Gulf/Middle Eastern countries. Approximately 38.1% of the participants experienced microaggression and more than half (55.62%) did not report experiencing microaggression. The most common form of microaggression was passive-aggressive behavior (80.5%) followed by invalidation of an opinion (73.4%). Among those who experienced microaggression, (12.9%) reported anger as the most predominant emotional response.

    CONCLUSION: Microaggression is a universal phenomenon. Further research is necessary to determine its prevalence in other countries to establish a comprehensive understanding of its cultural context.

    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression*
  6. Use of ultrasonic velocity travel time to estimate uniaxial compressive strength of granite and schist in Malaysia
    Abdul Ghani Rafek, Azimah Hussin, Lee KE, Ailie Sofyiana Serasa, Goh TL
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:185-193.
    The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is one of the most common mechanical parameters required in geotechnical engineering to characterize the compressive strength of rock material. Measurements of UCS are expensive, time consuming, destructive and thus, not favorable in the presence of limited samples. Therefore, a simple yet practical application is needed for the estimation of UCS. This research presents two correlations to predict UCS values for granite and schist by using ultrasonic velocity travel time (tp) from ultrasonic tests. The validity of the practical approach presented in this research is confirmed based on the strong correlations developed from the experimental tests conducted. For the entire data set, the correlation between UCS and ultrasonic velocity travel time was expressed as UCS = 217.2 e-0.016(tp) for granite and UCS = 1110.6 e-0.037(tp) for schist and the coefficient of determination (R2) value for both granite and schist is 0.93. These correlations may be useful for applications related to geotechnical engineering designs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression
  7. Fulltext Predator personality and prey behavioural predictability jointly determine foraging performance
    Chang CC, Teo HY, Norma-Rashid Y, Li D
    Sci Rep, 2017 01 17;7:40734.
    PMID: 28094288 DOI: 10.1038/srep40734
    Predator-prey interactions play important roles in ecological communities. Personality, consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour, of predators, prey or both are known to influence inter-specific interactions. An individual may also behave differently under the same situation and the level of such variability may differ between individuals. Such intra-individual variability (IIV) or predictability may be a trait on which selection can also act. A few studies have revealed the joint effect of personality types of both predators and prey on predator foraging performance. However, how personality type and IIV of both predators and prey jointly influence predator foraging performance remains untested empirically. Here, we addressed this using a specialized spider-eating jumping spider, Portia labiata (Salticidae), as the predator, and a jumping spider, Cosmophasis umbratica, as the prey. We examined personality types and IIVs of both P. labiata and C. umbratica and used their inter- and intra-individual behavioural variation as predictors of foraging performance (i.e., number of attempts to capture prey). Personality type and predictability had a joint effect on predator foraging performance. Aggressive predators performed better in capturing unpredictable (high IIV) prey than predictable (low IIV) prey, while docile predators demonstrated better performance when encountering predictable prey. This study highlights the importance of the joint effect of both predator and prey personality types and IIVs on predator-prey interactions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression
  8. Fulltext Introduction to sample size calculation
    Wan Nor Arifin
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2013;5(2):89-96.
    MyJurnal
    One of the most common reasons why researchers seek help from statistician is sample size calculation. However despite the common believe that it only involves formula and calculation, researchers often ignore other aspects of research design that leads to proper sample size calculation. In this article, the author outlines basic steps toward sample size calculation. The author also introduces the logic behind sample size calculation for single mean and single proportion in simplified and less intimidating forms to those not statistically inclined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression
  9. Fulltext Case report: massive ruptured malignant phyllodes tumour
    Ong, E.C.W., Kong, C.K.
    JUMMEC, 2017;20(1):8-10.
    MyJurnal
    Phyllodes tumour is a rare entity, affecting mainly middle aged women. It consists of a spectrum of disease
    from benign tumour to highly aggressive malignant form. We present a case of massive ruptured malignant
    Phyllodes tumour, and its subsequent management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression
  10. Fulltext Employment of patients with multiple sclerosis: the influence of psychosocial-structural coping and context
    Vijayasingham L, Mairami FF
    Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis, 2018;8:15-24.
    PMID: 30050385 DOI: 10.2147/DNND.S131729
    Patients with multiple sclerosis tend to report higher levels of work difficulties and negative outcomes, such as voluntary and involuntary work termination and reduced work participation. In this article, we discuss the complex interactions of disease, personal coping strategies, and social and structural factors that contribute to their work experiences and outcomes. An overview of the coping strategies and actions that leverage personal and context-level factors and dynamics is also provided to support the overall goal of continued work in patients with MS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression
  11. Fulltext Workplace deviant behavior: terminology, factors, typologies and effects
    Mohamed Shahrizan Abu Bakar, Khairuddin Idris, Zoharah Omar, Siti Normaliz Othman
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(4):18-26.
    MyJurnal
    Workplace deviant behavior is an action performed voluntarily by an individual and harms the
    organizational norms and affects individual, organization or both. Therefore, it is a priority to the
    organization to understand and look at the workplace deviant behavior issue because different
    individual and environment will cause differences in how an individual behaves. Understanding the
    terms, factors, typologies and effects of deviant behavior will enable organization to draw the
    rehabilitation plan so deviant behavior will be curbed from the beginning. Overcoming workplace
    deviant behavior will result in positive impact to the organization management and financial and will
    lead to positive and conducive environment at the workplace.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression
  12. Fulltext Relational aggression in sibling context: scale revision and factor analysis in a taiwanese sample
    Anna Ong WH, Sanggari K, Wirawahida Kamarul Z
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2017;31:67-78.
    The Forms and Functions of Aggression Questionnaire is widely used to measure the aggressive behavior in the peer context by many researchers. This scale was developed by Little, Jones, Henrich, and Hawley in 2003. It consists of four principle dimensions of aggressive behavior: overt and relational aggression, instrumental and reactive aggression. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the revised and translated version of this scale by CFA, (ii) to know the reliability of the model, and (iii) to prove the validity of the model. The Chinese version appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of relational aggression against sibling. The resulting model will help future researchers, especially related to aggression in the sibling context.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression
  13. Fish as a model in social neuroscience: conservation and diversity in the social brain network
    Ogawa S, Pfaff DW, Parhar IS
    Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc, 2021 06;96(3):999-1020.
    PMID: 33559323 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12689
    Mechanisms for fish social behaviours involve a social brain network (SBN) which is evolutionarily conserved among vertebrates. However, considerable diversity is observed in the actual behaviour patterns amongst nearly 30000 fish species. The huge variation found in socio-sexual behaviours and strategies is likely generated by a morphologically and genetically well-conserved small forebrain system. Hence, teleost fish provide a useful model to study the fundamental mechanisms underlying social brain functions. Herein we review the foundations underlying fish social behaviours including sensory, hormonal, molecular and neuroanatomical features. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons clearly play important roles, but the participation of vasotocin and isotocin is also highlighted. Genetic investigations of developing fish brain have revealed the molecular complexity of neural development of the SBN. In addition to straightforward social behaviours such as sex and aggression, new experiments have revealed higher order and unique phenomena such as social eavesdropping and social buffering in fish. Finally, observations interpreted as 'collective cognition' in fish can likely be explained by careful observation of sensory determinants and analyses using the dynamics of quantitative scaling. Understanding of the functions of the SBN in fish provide clues for understanding the origin and evolution of higher social functions in vertebrates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression
  14. Fulltext Psychological traits underlying different killing methods among Malaysian male murderers
    Kamaluddin M, Shariff NS, Nurfarliza S, Othman A, Ismail KH, Mat Saat GA
    Malays J Pathol, 2014 Apr;36(1):41-50.
    PMID: 24763234 MyJurnal
    Murder is the most notorious crime that violates religious, social and cultural norms. Examining the types and number of different killing methods that used are pivotal in a murder case. However, the psychological traits underlying specific and multiple killing methods are still understudied. The present study attempts to fill this gap in knowledge by identifying the underlying psychological traits of different killing methods among Malaysian murderers. The study adapted an observational cross-sectional methodology using a guided self-administered questionnaire for data collection. The sampling frame consisted of 71 Malaysian male murderers from 11 Malaysian prisons who were selected using purposive sampling method. The participants were also asked to provide the types and number of different killing methods used to kill their respective victims. An independent sample t-test was performed to establish the mean score difference of psychological traits between the murderers who used single and multiple types of killing methods. Kruskal-Wallis tests were carried out to ascertain the psychological trait differences between specific types of killing methods. The results suggest that specific psychological traits underlie the type and number of different killing methods used during murder. The majority (88.7%) of murderers used a single method of killing. Multiple methods of killing was evident in 'premeditated' murder compared to 'passion' murder, and revenge was a common motive. Examples of multiple methods are combinations of stabbing and strangulation or slashing and physical force. An exception was premeditated murder committed with shooting, when it was usually a single method, attributed to the high lethality of firearms. Shooting was also notable when the motive was financial gain or related to drug dealing. Murderers who used multiple killing methods were more aggressive and sadistic than those who used a single killing method. Those who used multiple methods or slashing also displayed a higher level of minimisation traits. Despite its limitations, this study has provided some light on the underlying psychological traits of different killing methods which is useful in the field of criminology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression/psychology*
  15. Effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for decreasing aggression and increasing social support among Chinese university students: A randomized controlled study
    Li Y, Roslan SB, Ahmad NAB, Omar ZB, Zhang L
    J Affect Disord, 2019 05 15;251:274-279.
    PMID: 30953892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.051
    BACKGROUND: The objective of this randomized controlled experimental study was to determine the intervention effect of group interpersonal psychotherapy (G-IPT) for aggression and social support among Chinese first-grade university students.

    METHODS: Through stratified random sampling, 1469 students, aged 18-19 years, were enrolled. Participants whose score achieved the aggressive evaluation standard were selected and then 60 participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: G-IPT and control. The participants in the G-IPT group received 16 sessions of treatment, whereas the participants in the control group did not receive any intervention. All participants completed the assessment three times: before, after, and tracking.

    RESULTS: The results showed that the total score and the scores of all subscales of aggression dropped significantly (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression/psychology*
  16. Female spider aggression is associated with genetic underpinnings of the nervous system and immune response to pathogens
    Chang CC, Connahs H, Tan ECY, Norma-Rashid Y, Mrinalini, Li D, et al.
    Mol Ecol, 2020 07;29(14):2626-2638.
    PMID: 32510793 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15502
    Identifying the genetic architecture underlying phenotypic variation in natural populations and assessing the consequences of polymorphisms for individual fitness are fundamental goals in evolutionary and molecular ecology. Consistent between-individual differences in behaviour have been documented for a variety of taxa. Dissecting the genetic basis of such behavioural differences is however a challenging endeavour. The molecular underpinnings of natural variation in aggression remain elusive. Here, we used comparative gene expression (transcriptome analysis and RT-PCR), genetic association analysis and pharmacological experiments to gain insight into the genetic basis of aggression in wild-caught jumping spiders (Portia labiata). We show that spider aggression is associated with a putative viral infection response gene, BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 17 (BTBDH), in addition to a putative serotonin receptor 1A (5-HT1A) gene. Spider aggression varies with virus loads, and BTBDH is upregulated in docile spiders and exhibits a genetic variant associated with aggression. We also identify a putative serotonin receptor 5-HT1A gene upregulated in docile P. labiata. Individuals that have been treated with serotonin become less aggressive, but individuals treated with a nonselective serotonin receptor antagonist (methiothepin) also reduce aggression. Further, we identify the genetic variants in the 5-HT1A gene that are associated with individual variation in aggression. We therefore conclude that co-evolution of the immune and nervous systems may have shaped the between-individual variation in aggression in natural populations of jumping spiders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression*
  17. Parenting Styles and Aggression Among Young Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Literature
    Masud H, Ahmad MS, Cho KW, Fakhr Z
    Community Ment Health J, 2019 08;55(6):1015-1030.
    PMID: 31102163 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00400-0
    There is ample research on aggression amongst children and adolescents that highlights several antecedents of aggression. While researchers have remarked on the relationship between parenting styles and aggression in children, there are few studies that integrate and systemize the available studies on parenting styles and aggression. The present review is an attempt to fill this gap. For this review, relevant studies were first searched, then coded and classified. As a result of thorough review, 34 relevant studies were identified. The review shows that parenting styles have a direct impact on aggression in children. Authoritative parenting styles play a positive role in psychological behavior in children while authoritarian and permissive parenting styles result in aggressive and negative behaviors in children. The current study also suggests that there is room to conduct studies on this topic in developing countries. Future research should be undertaken in developing and under-developed countries and should focus on mixed modes of research and examine the direct influence of parenting styles on aggressive behavior in children in different cultural contexts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression/psychology*
  18. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone mediates behavioral stress responses
    Ubuka T, Parhar IS, Tsutsui K
    Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2018 09 01;265:202-206.
    PMID: 29510150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.004
    Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is an inhibitor of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. GnIH is also called RFamide-related peptide (RFRP) as GnIH peptides have a characteristic C-terminal LPXRFiamide (X = L or Q) sequence. GnIH is thought to be the mediator of stress by negatively regulating the HPG axis as various stressors increase GnIH mRNA, GnIH peptide or GnIH neuronal activity. On the other hand, GnIH may also mediate behavioral stress responses as GnIH neuronal fibers and GnIH receptors are widely located in the limbic system of telencephalon, diencephalon and midbrain area. Previous studies have shown that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of GnIH (RFRP) blocks morphine-induced analgesia in hot plate and formalin injection tests in rats suggesting that GnIH increases sensitivity to pain. GnIH (RFRP) also increases anxiety-like behavior in rats. RNA interference of GnIH gene (GnIH RNAi) increases locomotor activity of white-crowned sparrow and Japanese quail and i.c.v. administration of GnIH decreases GnIH RNAi induced locomotor activity. It was further shown that i.c.v. administration of GnIH (RFRP) decreases aggressive behavior in male quail and sexual behavior in male rats, female white-crowned sparrow and female hamsters. These results suggest that GnIH decreases threat to homeostasis of the organism by increasing pain sensitivity, anxiety and decreasing locomotor activity, aggressive behavior and sexual behavior. GnIH may also mediate the effect of stress on behavior.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression/drug effects
  19. Psychological markers underlying murder weapon profile: a quantitative study
    Kamaluddin MR, Othman A, Ismail KH, Mat Saat GA
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):217-226.
    PMID: 29279583 MyJurnal
    The horrific nature of murder using different types of weapons has been an important focal point of many criminological studies. Weapons that are used in murders seem to play dominant roles in murder investigations as they may provide information leading to arrest. The established factors for weapon usage include environmental context, demography and availability of weapons. However, there is insufficient research attention on the psychological functioning of murderers for particular weapon usage. In light of this, the current study seeks to narrow this gap of information by identifying the influences of psychological traits on weapon usage among a sample of male murderers. The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 71 male murderers incarcerated in 11 prisons within Peninsular Malaysia. The selection of the sample was based on predetermined selection criteria using a purposive sampling method. A guided self-administered questionnaire comprising sociodemography variables and four Malay validated psychometric instruments: Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire-40-Cross-Culture, Self-control Scale, "How I Think" Questionnaire and Aggression Questionnaire; was used. Independent sample t-test was performed to establish the mean score differences of psychological traits between the murderers who used single and multiple weapons while Kruskal-Wallis tests were carried out to ascertain the differences between the specific types of weapons used among the murderers. Following this, one-way ANOVA was carried out to ascertain the psychological trait differences among the murderers according to the different sources of weapon. Results indicated specific psychological traits influenced the number(s), source(s) and type(s) of weapon used in committing murder. The findings have implications for the psychological profiling of unknown murderers within the Malaysian context.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression/psychology*
  20. Redness enhances perceived aggression, dominance and attractiveness in men's faces
    Stephen ID, Oldham FH, Perrett DI, Barton RA
    Evol Psychol, 2012 Aug 17;10(3):562-72.
    PMID: 22947678
    In a range of non-human primate, bird and fish species, the intensity of red coloration in males is associated with social dominance, testosterone levels and mate selection. In humans too, skin redness is associated with health, but it is not known whether--as in non-human species--it is also associated with dominance and links to attractiveness have not been thoroughly investigated. Here we allow female participants to manipulate the CIELab a* value (red-green axis) of skin to maximize the perceived aggression, dominance and attractiveness of photographs of men's faces, and make two findings. First, participants increased a* (increasing redness) to enhance each attribute, suggesting that facial redness is perceived as conveying similar information about a male's qualities in humans as it does in non-human species. Second, there were significant differences between trial types: the highest levels of red were associated with aggression, an intermediate level with dominance, and the least with attractiveness. These differences may reflect a trade-off between the benefits of selecting a healthy, dominant partner and the negative consequences of aggression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aggression/psychology*
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