Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 90 in total

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  1. Fulltext λ-Carrageenan promotes plant growth in banana via enhancement of cellular metabolism, nutrient uptake, and cellular homeostasis
    Thye KL, Wan Abdullah WMAN, Balia Yusof ZN, Wee CY, Ong-Abdullah J, Loh JY, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2022 Nov 16;12(1):19639.
    PMID: 36385165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21909-7
    Banana (Musa acuminata) is an important fruit crop and source of income for various countries, including Malaysia. To date, current agrochemical practice has become a disputable issue due to its detrimental effect on the environment. λ-carrageenan, a natural polysaccharide extracted from edible red seaweed, has been claimed to be a potential plant growth stimulator. Hence, the present study investigates the effects of λ-carrageenan on plant growth using Musa acuminata cv. Berangan (AAA). Vegetative growth such as plant height, root length, pseudostem diameter, and fresh weight was improved significantly in λ-carrageenan-treated banana plants at an optimum concentration of 750 ppm. Enhancement of root structure was also observed in optimum λ-carrageenan treatment, facilitating nutrients uptake in banana plants. Further biochemical assays and gene expression analysis revealed that the increment in growth performance was consistent with the increase of chlorophyll content, protein content, and phenolic content, suggesting that λ-carrageenan increases photosynthesis rate, protein biosynthesis, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis which eventually stimulate growth. Besides, λ-carrageenan at optimum concentration also increased catalase and peroxidase activities, which led to a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, maintaining cellular homeostasis in banana plants. Altogether, λ-carrageenan at optimum concentration improves the growth of banana plants via inducing metabolic processes, enhancing nutrient uptake, and regulation of cell homeostasis. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of λ-carrageenan on banana plants under field conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan/metabolism; Carrageenan/pharmacology
  2. Facile asymmetric modification of graphene nanosheets using κ-carrageenan as a green template
    Tiong ACY, Tan IS, Foo HCY, Lam MK, Mahmud HB, Lee KT
    J Colloid Interface Sci, 2022 Feb;607(Pt 2):1131-1141.
    PMID: 34571300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.042
    The synthesis of Janus nanosheets using κ-carrageenan (κ-Ca) as a green template endows a greener and more straightforward method compared to traditional approaches of using wax template. We hypothesize that the hydrogen bonding interaction between κ-Ca and graphene oxide (GO) allows partial masking of GO's single facet, paving the way for the asymmetric modification of the exposed surface. GO is first encapsulated within the porous hydrogel matrix formed by κ-Ca to isolate one of the facets. The exposed surface was then selectively hydrophobized to produce an amphiphilic asymmetrically modified graphene oxide (AMGO). The properties of AMGO synthesized under different κ-Ca/GO ratios were studied. The κ-Ca/GO interactions and the properties of GO and AMGO were investigated and characterized. AMGO was successfully produced with a yield of 90.37 % under optimized synthesis conditions. The separation of κ-Ca and AMGO was conducted without organic solvents, and the κ-Ca could be subsequently recovered. Furthermore, the porous hydrogel matrix formed by κ-Ca and GO exhibited excellent shape-retaining properties with high thermal tolerance of up to 50 °C. Given these benefits, this newly developed method endows sustainability and open the possibility of formulating more flexible material synthesis protocols.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan
  3. Effects of plasticizers on the physicochemical properties of kappa-carrageenan films extracted from Eucheuma cottonii
    Ili Balqis AM, Nor Khaizura MAR, Russly AR, Nur Hanani ZA
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2017 Oct;103:721-732.
    PMID: 28528954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.105
    The physicochemical properties of κ-carrageenan films extracted from Eucheuma cottonii (E. cottonii) incorporated with different concentrations and types of plasticizers were studied. Glycerol, sorbitol, and polyethylene glycol-300 (PEG-300) in the range of 10-60% were used as plasticizers. The results showed that the thickness and moisture content (MC) of films increased significantly (p≤0.05) with the increase in plasticizer concentration. Sorbitol-plasticized films had the lowest values. Sorbitol-plasticized films have better mechanical properties and the lowest water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and water uptake ratio (WUR) compared with glycerol and PEG-plasticized films (p≤0.05). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the intermolecular reactions between κ-carrageenan and the plasticizers in the films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations indicated that sorbitol-plasticized films have a compact structure, even at the highest concentration. The melting temperature (Tm) of films decreased (p≤0.05) with an increase in the plasticizer concentration. Here, the glycerol-plasticized films had the lowest values. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed broad and narrow peaks of the un-plasticized κ-carrageenan film at 2θ=20.0° and 2θ=8.4°, respectively. The intensity of the broad peak increased and the narrow peak disappeared as the concentration of plasticizers increased. In conclusion, films from E. cottonii successfully produced with sorbitol as the plasticizer exhibited good physical properties as packaging films.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan/isolation & purification*; Carrageenan/chemistry*
  4. Fulltext Bioactivity-guided isolation of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate, an anti-inflammatory constituent, from Kaempferia galanga L. extracts
    Umar MI, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A, Atangwho IJ, Yam MF, Altaf R, et al.
    Molecules, 2012 Jul 23;17(7):8720-34.
    PMID: 22825623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078720
    This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of Kaempferia galanga (KG) using an activity-guided approach. KG rhizomes were serially extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water. These extracts (2 g/kg each) were tested for their ability to inhibit carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The chloroform extract was found to exert the highest inhibition (42.9%) compared to control (p < 0.001), hence it was further fractionated by washing serially with hexane, hexane-chloroform (1:1) and chloroform. The chloroform fraction (1 g/kg) showed the highest inhibitory effect (51.9%, (p < 0.001), on carrageenan-induced edema. This chloroform fraction was further fractionated with hexane-chloroform (1:3) and chloroform, and of the two fractions, the hexane-chloroform sub-fraction was the most effective in inhibiting edema (53.7%, p < 0.001). GC-MS analysis of the active sub-fraction identified ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) as the major component, which was re-crystallized. EPMC dose-dependently inhibited carrageenan-induced edema with an MIC of 100 mg/kg. Moreover, in an in vitro study, EPMC non-selectively inhibited the activities of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2, with IC₅₀ values of 1.12 µM and 0.83 µM respectively. These results validate the anti-inflammatory activity of KG which may be exerted by the inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. EPMC isolated from this plant may be the active anti-inflammatory agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan/toxicity
  5. Synthesis and application of polypyrrole/carrageenan nano-bio composite as a cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells
    Esmaeili C, Ghasemi M, Heng LY, Hassan SHA, Abdi MM, Daud WRW, et al.
    Carbohydr Polym, 2014 Dec 19;114:253-259.
    PMID: 25263889 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.072
    A novel nano-bio composite polypyrrole (PPy)/kappa-carrageenan(KC) was fabricated and characterized for application as a cathode catalyst in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). High resolution SEM and TEM verified the bud-like shape and uniform distribution of the PPy in the KC matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has approved the amorphous structure of the PPy/KC as well. The PPy/KC nano-bio composites were then studied as an electrode material, due to their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) ability as the cathode catalyst in the MFC and the results were compared with platinum (Pt) as the most common cathode catalyst. The produced power density of the PPy/KC was 72.1 mW/m(2) while it was 46.8 mW/m(2) and 28.8 mW/m(2) for KC and PPy individually. The efficiency of the PPy/KC electrode system is slightly lower than a Pt electrode (79.9 mW/m(2)) but due to the high cost of Pt electrodes, the PPy/KC electrode system has potential to be an alternative electrode system for MFCs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan/chemistry*
  6. Effect of different types and concentrations of emulsifier on the characteristics of kappa-carrageenan films
    Nur Hanani ZA, Aelma Husna AB
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Jul 15;114:710-716.
    PMID: 29601881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.163
    κ-Carrageenan films derived from Euchema cottoni containing different types and concentrations of emulsifier were developed. Film formation without the addition of emulsifier was used as a control. The physical, mechanical, optical and microstructural properties of these films were determined. Different types of emulsifiers (Tween 20, Tween 40 and Tween 80) exerted significant effects (P≤0.05) on the thickness, moisture content and opacity of the films. Additionally, Tween 20 and Tween 40 with concentrations from 0.1 to 0.5% (v/v) significantly (P≤0.05) improved the tensile strength of the films, ranging from 7.35 to 13.83MPa. The water vapor permeability of the carrageenan films was significantly (P≤0.05) affected by both factors. Increasing the emulsifier concentration also caused an increment in the number of lipid droplets contributing to a smooth surface. Therefore, this study suggests that different types and concentrations of emulsifiers play essential roles in determining the physical properties of carrageenan films.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan/chemistry*
  7. Physicochemical characterization of kappa-carrageenan (Euchema cottoni) based films incorporated with various plant oils
    R NFN, Nur Hanani ZA
    Carbohydr Polym, 2017 Feb 10;157:1479-1487.
    PMID: 27987859 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.026
    This study investigated the effects of different types of plant oil (olive oil, corn oil, soybean oil and sunflower oil) on the physical and mechanical properties of kappa-carrageenan films from Euchema cottoni species. The incorporation of plant oils increased the film thickness significantly (P<0.05). However, the moisture content, solubility and tensile strength of films decreased significantly (P<0.05) as plant oils were added. The incorporation of plant oils also contributed to a plasticizing effect, whereby the values for elongation at break increased significantly (P<0.05), from 22.3% to 108.8%. Higher oil content also led to carrageenan films with lower opacity, which contradicted with previous studies. In conclusion, the plant oils used in this research significantly improved film properties, thus demonstrating the potential of these materials to be used as food packaging films and coatings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan/chemistry*
  8. Marine-derived κ-carrageenan-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and apoptosis induction in oral cancer
    Marunganathan V, Kumar MSK, Kari ZA, Giri J, Shaik MR, Shaik B, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2024 Jan 07;51(1):89.
    PMID: 38184807 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09146-1
    BACKGROUND: Kappaphycus alvarezii, a marine red algae species, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its versatile bioactive compounds. Among these, κ-carrageenan (CR), a sulfated polysaccharide, exhibits remarkable antimicrobial properties. This study emphasizes the synergism attained by functionalizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with CR, thereby enhancing its antimicrobial efficacy and target specificity against dental pathogens.

    METHODS: In this study, we synthesized ZnO-CR NPs and characterized them using SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques to authenticate their composition and structural attributes. Moreover, our investigation revealed that ZnO-CR NPs possess better free radical scavenging capabilities, as evidenced by their effective activity in the DPPH and ABTS assay.

    RESULTS: The antimicrobial properties of ZnO-CR NPs were systematically assessed using a zone of inhibition assay against dental pathogens of S. aureus, S. mutans, E. faecalis, and C. albicans, demonstrating their substantial inhibitory effects at a minimal concentration of 50 μg/mL. We elucidated the interaction between CR and the receptors of dental pathogens to further understand their mechanism of action. The ZnO-CR NPs demonstrated a dose-dependent anticancer effect at concentrations of 5 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL on KB cells, a type of Human Oral Epidermal Carcinoma. The mechanism by which ZnO-CA NPs induced apoptosis in KB cells was determined by observing an increase in the expression of the BCL-2, BAX, and P53 genes.

    CONCLUSION: Our findings unveil the promising potential of ZnO-CR NPs as a candidate with significant utility in dental applications. The demonstrated biocompatibility, potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity, along with impressive antimicrobial efficacy position these NPs as a valuable resource in the ongoing fight against dental pathogens and oral cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan/pharmacology
  9. Fulltext Chemistry of Tropical Eucheumatoids: Potential for Food and Feed Applications
    Ariano A, Musco N, Severino L, De Maio A, Tramice A, Tommonaro G, et al.
    Biomolecules, 2021 May 29;11(6).
    PMID: 34072325 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060804
    The use of seaweeds as additives in animal nutrition may be a valid option to traditional feed as they represent a rich source of minerals, carbohydrates and antioxidants. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant capacity of two tropical eucheumatoids, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatus, in Malaysian wild offshore waters. The chemical analysis was performed via inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy for evaluating the concentration of toxic (Cd, Pb, Hg, As) and essential elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Se); NMR spectroscopy was used for carrageenans investigation. Furthermore, the soluble and fat-soluble antioxidant capacities were determined by FRAP, DPPH and ABTS assays. The chemical analysis revealed a higher content of trace elements in K. alvarezii as compared to K. striatus, and both exhibited a high mineral content. No significant differences in metal concentrations were found between the two species. Both samples showed a mixture of prevailing κ- and t-carrageenans. Finally, the levels of soluble and fat-soluble antioxidants in K. alvarezii were significantly higher than in K. striatus. Our findings suggest that K. alvarezii could be used as a potential feed additive because of its favorable chemical and nutritional features.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan/analysis*
  10. Fulltext Effects of repeated frying and hydrocolloids on the oil absorption and acceptability of banana (Musa acuminate) fritters
    Norizzah, A.R., Junaida, A.R., Maryam ‘Afifah, A.L.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(2):694-699.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of xanthan gum and carrageenan on the
    oil uptake and acceptability of banana (Musa acuminate) fritters during repeated deep fat
    frying. Banana namely ‘Pisang Awak’ at maturity stage 6 were peeled, cut and dipped into 3
    batter formulations containing 1% carrageenan, 1% xanthan gum and a control. The bananas
    were deep fried at 170±5°C for 3 minutes in 2.5L cooking oil without oil replenishment for
    3 consecutive days. The moisture, oil content, texture, colour and acceptability of the banana
    fritters were evaluated at first and every 10th frying cycles. Results indicated that the oil and
    moisture content of fried bananas were dependent on frying cycles. The oil content increased
    while the moisture decreased with increased in frying cycles. There was significant reduction
    (p0.05) in terms of overall acceptance between
    treated and untreated. Hence, 1% xanthan gum was effective in reducing oil absorption of
    banana fritters without affecting the overall sensory acceptability
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan
  11. Fulltext Production of refined Carrageenan from Kappaphycus Alvarezii on pilot plant scale: Optimization of water extraction using Response Surface Methodology
    Sitti Nurmiah, Syarief, R., Sukarno, Peranginangin, R., Nurtama, B., Jaswir, I.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):522-528.
    MyJurnal
    A refined carrageenan is a form of carrageenan, extracted from red algae and purified. Important factors affecting the commercial production of carrageenan after alkaline extraction are the ratio of seaweed to water, temperature, and extraction time. In this study, extraction of refined carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii was conducted on pilot plan scale. Extraction conditions were varied, affecting the final characteristics of the carrageenan product. The optimum conditions investigated for the extraction process included the ratio of seaweed to water, temperature, and extraction time determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Box-Behnken was used to investigate the interaction effects of three independent variables, namely seaweed to water ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time. The results showed that based on the RSM approach, ratio of seaweed to water, temperature and extraction time had a significant influence on the carrageenan. Optimum extraction conditions obtained were seaweed to water ratio of 1:25.22, extraction temperature of 85.80oC and extraction time of 4 h. Under these optimal conditions, the yield obtained was 31.74 % and gel strength was 1833.37 g.cm-2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan
  12. Effect of K+, Ca2+ and Na+ on gelling properties of Eucheuma cottonii
    Lee JS, Lo YL, Chye FY
    Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37.
    This study was carried out to elucidate the effect of three types of cation (K+, Ca2+ and Na+) at various concentrations on the gelling properties of untreated Eucheuma cottoni, with the ultimate aim to explore the possibility of utilizing the seaweed in its natural form as gelling agent. Results obtained suggest that E. cottonii also exhibited the dramatic cation specificity of k-carrageenan, in which the dependence of gel strength follows the order: K+ > Ca2+ > Na+. As expected, cations addition exerts adverse effect on the syneresis, water holding capacity and freeze-thaw stability of the seaweed gel. Water holding capcity of the gel is however independent of the increased concentrations of K+(p>0.05). Storage duration and storage temperature significantly (p<0.05) affect the syneresis and water holding capacity of the gel. Among the cations, K+ appears to be better in improving the gel properties of the seaweed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan
  13. Dual (pH and thermal) stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsion stabilized by chitosan-carrageenan composite microgels
    Lim HP, Ng SD, Dasa DB, Adnan SA, Tey BT, Chan ES, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Mar 31;232:123461.
    PMID: 36720328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123461
    Formulation of water-in-oil (W/O) Pickering emulsion (PE) for food applications has been largely restricted by the limited choices of food-grade Pickering emulsifiers. In this study, composite microgels made of chitosan and carrageenan were explored as a dual (pH and thermal) stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsifier for the stabilization of W/O PE. The chitosan-carrageenan (CS-CRG) composite microgels not only exhibited pH- and thermo-responsiveness, but also displayed enhanced lipophilicity as compared to the discrete polymers. The stability of the CS-CRG-stabilized W/O PE system (CS-CRG PE) was governed by CS:CRG mass ratio and oil fractions used. The CS-CRG PE remained stable at acidic pH and at temperatures below 40 °C. The instability of CS-CRG composite microgels at alkaline pH and at temperatures above 40 °C rendered the demulsification of CS-CRG PE. This stimuli-responsive W/O PE could unlock new opportunities for the development of stimuli-responsive W/O PE using food-grade materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan
  14. Seaweed polysaccharide nanocomposite films: A review
    Bukhari NTM, Rawi NFM, Hassan NAA, Saharudin NI, Kassim MHM
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Aug 01;245:125486.
    PMID: 37355060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125486
    A million tonnes of plastic produced each year are disposed of after single use. Biodegradable polymers have become a promising material as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers. Utilising biodegradable polymers will promote environmental sustainability which has emerged with potential features and performances for various applications in different sectors. Seaweed-derived polysaccharides-based composites have been the focus of numerous studies due to the composites' renewability and sustainability for industries (food packaging and medical fields like tissue engineering and drug delivery). Due to their biocompatibility, abundance, and gelling ability, seaweed derivatives such as alginate, carrageenan, and agar are commonly used for this purpose. Seaweed has distinct film-forming characteristics, but its mechanical and water vapour barrier qualities are weak. Thus, modifications are necessary to enhance the seaweed properties. This review article summarises and discusses the effect of incorporating seaweed films with different types of nanoparticles on their mechanical, thermal, and water barrier properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan
  15. Functional properties of dually modified sago starch/κ-carrageenan films: An alternative to gelatin in pharmaceutical capsules
    Oladzadabbasabadi N, Ebadi S, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Karim AA, Kiahosseini SR
    Carbohydr Polym, 2017 Mar 15;160:43-51.
    PMID: 28115099 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.042
    The aim of this study was development a composite film based on sago starch and κ-carrageenan to find a gelatin alternative in the pharmaceutical capsules processing. Hydrolyzed-Hydroxypropylated (dually modified) sago starch was mixed with κ-carrageenan (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%). The drying kinetics, thermomechanical, physicochemical, and barrier properties of composite films were estimated and compared with bovine gelatin. Results show that drying kinetics and mechanical properties of the composite films were comparable to those of gelatin. The water vapor permeability and moisture content of the composite films were lower than those of gelatin. The solubility of the composite films was higher than that of gelatin, and the composite films were more stable at higher relative humidity than were the gelatin films. These results show that dually modified sago starch in combination with κ-carrageenan has properties similar to those of gelatin, thus proposed system can be used in pharmaceutical capsules processes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan/chemistry*
  16. New horizons in the extraction of bioactive compounds using deep eutectic solvents: A review
    Zainal-Abidin MH, Hayyan M, Hayyan A, Jayakumar NS
    Anal Chim Acta, 2017 08 01;979:1-23.
    PMID: 28599704 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.012
    With the rapid development of ionic liquid analogues, termed 'deep eutectic solvents' (DESs), and their application in a wide range of chemical and biochemical processes in the past decade, the extraction of bioactive compounds has attracted significant interest. Recently, numerous studies have explored the extraction of bioactive compounds using DESs from diverse groups of natural sources, including animal and plant sources. This review summarizes the-state-of-the-art effort dedicated to the application of DESs in the extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this review also was to introduce conventional and recently-developed extraction techniques, with emphasis on the use of DESs as potential extractants for various bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, tanshinone, keratin, tocols, terpenoids, carrageenans, xanthones, isoflavones, α-mangostin, genistin, apigenin, and others. In the near future, DESs are expected to be used extensively for the extraction of bioactive compounds from various sources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan/isolation & purification
  17. Fulltext Emulsion formulation optimization and characterization of spray-dried κ-carrageenan microparticles for the encapsulation of CoQ10
    Chan SW, Mirhosseini H, Taip FS, Ling TC, Nehdi IA, Tan CP
    Food Sci Biotechnol, 2016;25(Suppl 1):53-62.
    PMID: 30263486 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0098-3
    The present study is aimed to prepare κ-carrageenan microparticles for the encapsulation of model drug, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). A face-centered central composite design was employed to study the effects of three different formulation variables (κ-carrageenan, emulsifier, and oil). The powder yield was found inversely affected by the κ-carrageenan and oil concentration. The encapsulation efficiency was maximized in the region of the middle level κ-carrageenan concentration, the high level emulsifier concentration, and the low level oil concentration. The emulsifier concentration was the most influential variable on the particle size of powder. The optimal formulation was reported as 0.91% (w/v) κ-carrageenan concentration, 0.64% (w/v) emulsifier, and 1.0% (w/w) oil. Both differential scanning colorimeter and X-ray diffraction analyses proved that incorporation of CoQ10 into κ- carrageenan microcapsules resulted in amorphous powder with significantly (p<0.05) higher water solubility compared to pure CoQ10 and physical mixture in the crystalline form.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan
  18. Anti-inflammatory effects of Labisia pumila (Blume) F. Vill-Naves. aqueous extract
    Sanusi R, Ab Shukor N, Sulaiman M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1511-1516.
    This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of three concentrations of Labisia pumila (Blume) F. Vill-Naves aqueous leaf extract in rats. The effects of these extracts as anti-inflammatory agents were determined using two experiments namely formalin-induced paw licking and carrageenan-induced paw oedema test. The exposure of inflammation to various treatments resulted in significant differences between treatments in formalin-induced paw licking in rats experiment whereas in phase 2, 50 mg kg-1 of L. pumila extract showed the most significant inhibition of 82.12%, followed by 10 mg kg-1 with 76.00% and 25 mg kg-1 with 57.80%. Similarly, different treatments showed significant effects at p<0.05 in the carrageenan inducing paw oedema experiment. All treatments were able to suppress the oedema formation induced by carrageenan as compared with the control. It is evident that the anti-inflammtory effect of every concentration of L. pumila extract started as early as the first hour of carrageenan injection and showed the maximum inhibition during the fifth hour. Again, 50 mg kg-1 of L. pumila extract was found to be the best treatment that could reduce inflammation with highest inhibition of 64.59% followed by 25 mg kg-1 with 56.99% and 10 mg kg-1 with 5.55%. The result of this study has shown that these extracts of L. pumila can be effective for anti-inflammation purposes which supports and justifies traditional uses of this plant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan
  19. Thermoreversible Carbamazepine In Situ Gel for Intranasal Delivery: Development and In Vitro, Ex Vivo Evaluation
    Mohananaidu K, Chatterjee B, Mohamed F, Mahmood S, Hamed Almurisi S
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2022 Oct 21;23(8):288.
    PMID: 36271212 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02439-x
    Over the past decade, intranasal (IN) delivery has been gaining attention as an alternative approach to conventional drug delivery routes targeting the brain. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is available as an orally ingestible formulation. The present study aims to develop a thermoreversible in situ gelling system for delivering CBZ via IN route. A cold method of synthesis has been used to tailor and optimize the thermoreversible gel composition, using poloxamer 407 (P407) (15-20% w/v) and iota carrageenan (ɩ-Cg) (0.15-0.25% w/v). The developed in situ gel showed gelation temperatures (28-33°C), pH (4.5-6.5), rheological properties (pseudoplastic, shear thinning), and mucoadhesive strength (1755.78-2495.05 dyne/cm2). The in vitro release study has shown sustained release behavior (24 h) for gel, containing significant retardation of CBZ release. The release kinetics fit to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, suggesting the non-Fickian diffusion type controlled release behavior. Ex vivo permeation through goat nasal mucosa showed sustained release from the gel containing 18% P407 with the highest cumulative drug permeated (243.94 µg/cm2) and a permeation flux of 10.16 µg/cm2/h. After treatment with CBZ in situ gel, the barrier function of nasal mucosa remained unaffected. Permeation through goat nasal mucosa using in situ gel has demonstrated a harmless nasal delivery, which can provide a new dimension to deliver CBZ directly to the brain bypassing the blood-brain barrier.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan
  20. Biocompatible polysaccharide fabricated graphene oxide nanoparticles: A versatile nanodrug carrier to deliver κ- carrageenan against cancer cells
    Kesavan S, Rajesh D, Shanmugam J, Aruna S, Gopal M, Vijayakumar S
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jul 31;244:125322.
    PMID: 37307980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125322
    A graphene oxide mediated hybrid nano system for pH stimuli-responsive and in vitro drug delivery targeted for cancer was described in this study. Graphene oxide (GO) functionalized Chitosan (CS) mediated nanocarrier capped with xyloglucan (XG) was fabricated with and without Kappa carrageenan (κ-C) from red seaweed, Kappaphycus alverzii, as an active drug. FTIR, EDAX, XPS, XRD, SEM and HR-TEM studies were carried out for GO-CS-XG nanocarrier loaded with and without active drugs to understand the physicochemical properties. XPS (C1s, N1s and O1s) confirmed the fabrications of XG and functionalization of GO by CS via the binding energies at 284.2 eV, 399.4 eV and 531.3 eV, respectively. The amount of drug loaded in vitro was 0.422 mg/mL. The GO-CS-XG nanocarrier showed a cumulative drug release of 77 % at acidic pH 5.3. In contrast to physiological conditions, the release rate of κ-C from the GO-CS-XG nanocarrier was considerably higher in the acidic condition. Thus, a pH stimuli-responsive anticancer drug release was successfully achieved with the GO-CS-XG-κ-C nanocarrier system for the first time. The drug release mechanism was carried out using various kinetic models that showed a mixed release behavior depending on concentration and diffusion/swelling mechanism. The best-fitting model which supports our release mechanism are zero order, first order and Higuchi models. GO-CS-XG and κ-C loaded nanocarrier biocompatibility were determined by in vitro hemolysis and membrane stabilization studies. MCF-7 and U937 cancer cell lines were used to study the cytotoxicity of the nanocarrier by MTT assay, which indicates excellent cytocompatibility. These findings support the versatile use of a green renewable biocompatible GO-CS-XG nanocarrier as targeted drug delivery and potential anticancer agent for therapeutic purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrageenan
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