Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 57 in total

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  1. Fulltext The late sequalae of coronary artery in a grown up kawasaki disease patient
    Yew KL
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):186.
    PMID: 23629576
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels*
  2. Fulltext A new human heart vessel identification, segmentation and 3D reconstruction mechanism
    Al-Surmi A, Wirza R, Mahmod R, Khalid F, Dimon MZ
    J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014;9:161.
    PMID: 25274253 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-014-0161-1
    The identification and segmentation of inhomogeneous image regions is one of the most challenging issues nowadays. The surface vessels of the human heart are important for the surgeons to locate the region where to perform the surgery and to avoid surgical injuries. In addition, such identification, segmentation, and visualisation helps novice surgeons in the training phase of cardiac surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/radiography*
  3. Features of endothelium morphological structure in kidney vessels, coronary arteries and aorta during chronic kidney disease
    Topchii II, Kirienko AN, Kirienko DA, Yakovtsova II, Gavriluk AA, Danyliuk SV, et al.
    Wiad Lek, 2019;72(7):1269-1273.
    PMID: 31398154
    OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Vascular endothelium function interruption has the main role among mechanisms of development and progression of chronic kidney disease. In numerous experimental and clinical studies, it was proved that activated vascular endothelium is a structural and functional unit that matches processes of inflammation with intravascular coagulation, fibrinolysis and haemorheological disorders. The aim: To identify special features of endothelium morphological structure in kidney vessels, coronary arteries and aorta during chronic kidney disease.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Based on autopsy materials, we conducted a morphological study of patients (n = 20) aged 45 to 55 years who were observed in cardiac and neurological hospitals for 5-7 years. We removed kidney, heart and aorta samples from patients. For the study, a histological and immunohistochemical methods were used.

    RESULTS: Results and conclusions: Morphological study of vessels endothelium of kidneys, heart and aorta demonstrated that in the majority of observations intima underwentprofound pathological changes, manifested by different degrees of disorganization of endothelial lining and violations of structural and functional organization of the endotheliocytes, subendothelial layer, basal membrane. These pathological processes in all cases had similar features with the development of immune inflammation. Inflammatory infiltration was represented by macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells. Biological mediators of the presented cells can aggravate the damage to endothelial cells. Indirect signs of low ability to restore the structure of the vessel wall and endothelial lining may be a weak expression of the VEGF and bcl-2 vascular endothelial growth factor.

    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels*
  4. Extreme vessel size variance with concomitant chronic total occlusion: Meeting the unmet needs with self-apposing Xposition S sirolimus-eluting stents
    Yew KL
    Int J Cardiol, 2016 Oct 15;221:847-9.
    PMID: 27434358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.097
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/surgery
  5. Fulltext Fluorescence multispectral imaging-based diagnostic system for atherosclerosis
    Ho CS, Horiuchi T, Taniguchi H, Umetsu A, Hagisawa K, Iwaya K, et al.
    Biomed Eng Online, 2016 Aug 20;15(1):98.
    PMID: 27542354 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-016-0220-z
    Composition of atherosclerotic arterial walls is rich in lipids such as cholesterol, unlike normal arterial walls. In this study, we aimed to utilize this difference to diagnose atherosclerosis via multispectral fluorescence imaging, which allows for identification of fluorescence originating from the substance in the arterial wall.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/pathology
  6. Fulltext 3D-Printed Coronary Plaques to Simulate High Calcification in the Coronary Arteries for Investigation of Blooming Artifacts
    Sun Z, Ng CKC, Wong YH, Yeong CH
    Biomolecules, 2021 09 03;11(9).
    PMID: 34572520 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091307
    The diagnostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is significantly affected by high calcification in the coronary arteries owing to blooming artifacts limiting its accuracy in assessing the calcified plaques. This study aimed to simulate highly calcified plaques in 3D-printed coronary models. A combination of silicone + 32.8% calcium carbonate was found to produce 800 HU, representing extensive calcification. Six patient-specific coronary artery models were printed using the photosensitive polyurethane resin and a total of 22 calcified plaques with diameters ranging from 1 to 4 mm were inserted into different segments of these 3D-printed coronary models. The coronary models were scanned on a 192-slice CT scanner with 70 kV, pitch of 1.4, and slice thickness of 1 mm. Plaque attenuation was measured between 1100 and 1400 HU. Both maximum-intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR) images (wide and narrow window widths) were generated for measuring the diameters of these calcified plaques. An overestimation of plaque diameters was noticed on both MIP and VR images, with measurements on the MIP images close to those of the actual plaque sizes (<10% deviation), and a large measurement discrepancy observed on the VR images (up to 50% overestimation). This study proves the feasibility of simulating extensive calcification in coronary arteries using a 3D printing technique to develop calcified plaques and generate 3D-printed coronary models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/pathology*
  7. Evaluation of functional severity of coronary artery disease and fluid dynamics' influence on hemodynamic parameters: A review
    Govindaraju K, Badruddin IA, Viswanathan GN, Ramesh SV, Badarudin A
    Phys Med, 2013 May;29(3):225-32.
    PMID: 22704601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2012.03.008
    Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is responsible for most of the deaths in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Diagnostic coronary angiography analysis offers an anatomical knowledge of the severity of the stenosis. The functional or physiological significance is more valuable than the anatomical significance of CAD. Clinicians assess the functional severity of the stenosis by resorting to an invasive measurement of the pressure drop and flow. Hemodynamic parameters, such as pressure wire assessment fractional flow reserve (FFR) or Doppler wire assessment coronary flow reserve (CFR) are well-proven techniques to evaluate the physiological significance of the coronary artery stenosis in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Between the two techniques mentioned above, the FFR is seen as a very useful index. The presence of guide wire reduces the coronary flow which causes the underestimation of pressure drop across the stenosis which leads to dilemma for the clinicians in the assessment of moderate stenosis. In such condition, the fundamental fluid mechanics is useful in the development of new functional severity parameters such as pressure drop coefficient and lesion flow coefficient. Since the flow takes place in a narrowed artery, the blood behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) allows a complete coronary flow simulation to study the relationship between the pressure and flow. This paper aims at explaining (i) diagnostic modalities for the evaluation of the CAD and valuable insights regarding FFR in the evaluation of the functional severity of the CAD (ii) the role of fluid dynamics in measuring the severity of CAD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/physiopathology*; Coronary Vessels/radiography; Coronary Vessels/ultrasonography
  8. Fulltext Numerical investigation of the effect of stenosis geometry on the coronary diagnostic parameters
    Kamangar S, Kalimuthu G, Badruddin IA, Badarudin A, Ahmed NJ, Khan TM
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:354946.
    PMID: 25258722 DOI: 10.1155/2014/354946
    The present study deals with the functional severity of a coronary artery stenosis assessed by the fractional flow reserve (FFR). The effects of different geometrical shapes of lesion on the diagnostic parameters are unknown. In this study, 3D computational simulation of blood flow in three different geometrical shapes of stenosis (triangular, elliptical, and trapezium) is considered in steady and transient conditions for 70% (moderate), 80% (intermediate), and 90% (severe) area stenosis (AS). For a given percentage AS, the variation of diagnostic parameters which are derived from pressure drop across the stenosis was found in three different geometrical shapes of stenosis and it was observed that FFR is higher in triangular shape and lower in trapezium shape. The pressure drop coefficient (CDP) was higher in trapezium shape and lower in triangular model whereas the LFC shows opposite trend. From the clinical perspective, the relationship between percentage AS and FFR is linear and inversely related in all the three models. A cut-off value of 0.75 for FFR was observed at 76.5% AS in trapezium model, 79.5% in elliptical model, and 82.7% AS for the triangular shaped model. The misinterpretation of the functional severity of the stenosis is in the region of 76.5%-82.7 % AS from different shapes of stenosis models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/pathology; Coronary Vessels/physiopathology
  9. Effect of porous media of the stenosed artery wall to the coronary physiological diagnostic parameter: a computational fluid dynamic analysis
    Govindaraju K, Kamangar S, Badruddin IA, Viswanathan GN, Badarudin A, Salman Ahmed NJ
    Atherosclerosis, 2014 Apr;233(2):630-635.
    PMID: 24549189 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.043
    Functional assessment of a coronary artery stenosis severity is generally assessed by fractional flow reserve (FFR), which is calculated from pressure measurements across the stenosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of porous media of the stenosed arterial wall on this diagnostic parameter. To understand the role of porous media on the diagnostic parameter FFR, a 3D computational simulations of the blood flow in rigid and porous stenotic artery wall models are carried out under steady state and transient conditions for three different percentage area stenoses (AS) corresponding to 70% (moderate), 80% (intermediate), and 90% (severe). Blood was modeled as a non Newtonian fluid. The variations of pressure drop across the stenosis and diagnostic parameter were studied in both models. The FFR decreased in proportion to the increase in the severity of the stenosis. The relationship between the percentage AS and the FFR was non linear and inversely related in both the models. The cut-off value of 0.75 for FFR was observed at 81.89% AS for the rigid artery model whereas 83.61% AS for the porous artery wall model. This study demonstrates that the porous media consideration on the stenotic arterial wall plays a substantial role in defining the cut-off value of FFR. We conclude that the effect of porous media on FFR, could lead to misinterpretation of the functional severity of the stenosis in the region of 81.89 %-83.61% AS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/physiopathology; Coronary Vessels/ultrastructure*
  10. Process of prototyping coronary stents from biodegradable Fe-Mn alloys
    Hermawan H, Mantovani D
    Acta Biomater, 2013 Nov;9(10):8585-92.
    PMID: 23665503 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.027
    Biodegradable stents are considered to be a recent innovation, and their feasibility and applicability have been proven in recent years. Research in this area has focused on materials development and biological studies, rather than on how to transform the developed biodegradable materials into the stent itself. Currently available stent technology, the laser cutting-based process, might be adapted to fabricate biodegradable stents. In this work, the fabrication, characterization and testing of biodegradable Fe-Mn stents are described. A standard process for fabricating and testing stainless steel 316L stents was referred to. The influence of process parameters on the physical, metallurgical and mechanical properties of the stents, and the quality of the produced stents, were investigated. It was found that some steps of the standard process such as laser cutting can be directly applied, but changes to parameters are needed for annealing, and alternatives are needed to replace electropolishing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/drug effects*; Coronary Vessels/physiology*
  11. The influence of curvature wall on the blood flow in stenosed artery: A computational study
    Ahamad NA, Kamangar S, Badruddin IA
    Biomed Mater Eng, 2018;29(3):319-332.
    PMID: 29578467 DOI: 10.3233/BME-181734
    The current study investigates the curvature effect due to various angles of curvature on the blood flow in human artery. The stenosis is considered to have three sizes 70%, 80% and 90% blockage before the curve section of artery. Numerical study of four different angle of curvature was considered to understand the flow behavior of artery having various curvatures, on the hemodynamics factors that includes drop in arterial pressure, flow velocity as well as wall shear stress. It was found that, the augmentation of the flow resistance due to the curvature increases in presence of stenosis. It was also noted that the wall shear is higher at the outer wall as compared to the inside wall in four models considered. Results showed that both the curvature of artery and size of the stenosis have significant impact. These two factors should be considered by cardiologist to assess the complexity of stenosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/pathology; Coronary Vessels/physiopathology*
  12. Patient specific 3-d modeling of blood flow in a multi-stenosed left coronary artery
    Kamangar S, Badruddin IA, Ameer Ahamad N, Soudagar MEM, Govindaraju K, Nik-Ghazali N, et al.
    Biomed Mater Eng, 2017;28(3):257-266.
    PMID: 28527189 DOI: 10.3233/BME-171672
    The current study investigates the effect of multi stenosis on the hemodynamic parameters such as wall pressure, velocity and wall shear stress in the realistic left coronary artery. Patients CT scan image data of normal and diseased left coronary artery was chosen for the reconstruction of 3D coronary artery models. The diseased 3D model of left coronary artery shows a narrowing of more than 70% and 80% of area stenosis (AS) at the left main stem (LMS) and left circumflex (LCX) respectively. The results show that the decrease in pressure was found downstream to the stenosis as compared to the coronary artery without stenosis. The maximum pressure drop was noted across the 80% AS at the left circumflex branch. The recirculation zone was also observed immediate to the stenosis and highest wall shear stress was found across the 80% area stenosis. Our analysis provides an insight into the distribution of wall shear stress and pressure drop, thus improving our understanding on the hemodynamics in realistic coronary artery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/pathology; Coronary Vessels/physiology*
  13. Novel active fixation mechanism permits precise placement of a left ventricular lead: early results from a multicenter clinical study
    Yee R, Gadler F, Hussin A, Bin Omar R, Khaykin Y, Verma A, et al.
    Heart Rhythm, 2014 Jul;11(7):1150-5.
    PMID: 24801899 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.04.020
    Left ventricular (LV) lead implantation for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is associated with lead dislodgement rates ranging from 3% to 10%, and some implant approaches to prevent dislodgement may contribute to suboptimal CRT response. We report our early human experience with an LV lead with a side helix for active fixation to the coronary vein wall.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/physiopathology; Coronary Vessels/surgery*
  14. Transradial percutaneous coronary intervention with Stentys self-apposing stents and Stentys-Yew technique for angulated and ectatic coronary artery
    Yew KL, Kang Z
    Int J Cardiol, 2015 Apr 15;185:150-2.
    PMID: 25795207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.127
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/radiography; Coronary Vessels/surgery*
  15. Effect of bradykinin and its antagonist on survival time after coronary artery occlusion in rats
    Atif Abbas S, Sharma JN, Pauzi A, Yusof M
    Gen. Pharmacol., 1999 Sep;33(3):243-7.
    PMID: 10480657
    The present study was conducted to examine the effect of bradykinin and bradykinin 2 receptor antagonist on survival time in rats with coronary artery ligation for 15 min and continuously. We also evaluated the heart rate and blood pressure responses in the presence and absence of bradykinin and its antagonist. Bradykinin treatment (4 microg and 8 microg/kg IV) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the survival time of rats compared with saline-treated rats with coronary artery ligation for 15 min and continuously. The heart rate and blood pressure responses were significantly (p < 0.001) altered in the presence of coronary artery ligation. Bradykinin antagonist treatment (4 microg/kg IV) abolished the effect of bradykinin and thus reduced the survival time of rats with coronary artery ligation. The mean value of survival time between saline-treated and bradykinin antagonist- plus bradykinin-treated rats did not differ significantly (p > 0.05).
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/physiopathology*; Coronary Vessels/surgery
  16. Endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation is abnormal in the coronary microcirculation of atherosclerotic primates
    Sellke FW, Armstrong ML, Harrison DG
    Circulation, 1990 May;81(5):1586-93.
    PMID: 2110036
    Atherosclerosis impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of large conduit arteries. Because coronary resistance vessels are spared from the development of overt atherosclerosis, endothelium-dependent responses were examined in these vascular segments. Malaysian cynomolgus monkeys (n = 6) were made atherosclerotic by being fed a 0.7% cholesterol diet for 18 months. Control monkeys (n = 6) were fed a standard diet. Coronary microvessels (122-220 microns) were studied in a pressurized (20 mm Hg), no-flow state using a video-imaging apparatus. Relaxations of microvessels, preconstricted with the thromboxane analogue U46619, were determined in response to acetylcholine, bradykinin, the calcium ionophore A23187, adenosine, and sodium nitroprusside. Microvascular relaxations to bradykinin and A23187 were reduced in atherosclerotic monkeys compared with controls, whereas acetylcholine produced additional contraction in atherosclerotic monkeys. Responses of preconstricted microvessels to adenosine and sodium nitroprusside were identical in atherosclerotic and control animals. Indomethacin did not alter responses in control or atherosclerotic animals. Histologic examination revealed neither intimal thickening nor plaque formation in microvessels of this size class despite marked changes in conduit arteries. Electron microscopy showed minor alterations of endothelial cell morphology in microvessels of atherosclerotic animals. In conclusion, long-term hypercholesterolemia markedly impairs endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in the coronary microcirculation where overt atherosclerosis does not develop. These changes in endothelial cell function may significantly alter regulation of myocardial perfusion by neurohumoral stimuli.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/pathology; Coronary Vessels/physiopathology*
  17. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in a young female with systemic lupus erythematosus and its operative challenges: A case report
    Gurpreet S, Vendargon SJ, Syed Rasul SH
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 12;74(6):549-550.
    PMID: 31929487
    We understand that autoimmune disorders such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus increases the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease. However, its implications on patients undergoing cardiac surgery is not well understood. Here we present a female patient with SLE who developed coronary artery disease at a young age and underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. As SLE is associated with vasculitis, we wanted to understand regarding the choice of conduit as well as its long term patency. Also whether percutaneous angioplasty has a role to play in patients with SLE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/physiopathology*; Coronary Vessels/surgery
  18. Fulltext Impaired coronary metabolic dilation in the metabolic syndrome is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA damage
    Guarini G, Kiyooka T, Ohanyan V, Pung YF, Marzilli M, Chen YR, et al.
    Basic Res Cardiol, 2016 May;111(3):29.
    PMID: 27040114 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0547-4
    Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity and diabetes can be caused by excessive production of free radicals, which can damage mitochondrial DNA. Because mitochondrial DNA plays a key role in the production of ATP necessary for cardiac work, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction, induced by mitochondrial DNA damage, uncouples coronary blood flow from cardiac work. Myocardial blood flow (contrast echocardiography) was measured in Zucker lean (ZLN) and obese fatty (ZOF) rats during increased cardiac metabolism (product of heart rate and arterial pressure, i.v. norepinephrine). In ZLN increased metabolism augmented coronary blood flow, but in ZOF metabolic hyperemia was attenuated. Mitochondrial respiration was impaired and ROS production was greater in ZOF than ZLN. These were associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in ZOF. To determine if coronary metabolic dilation, the hyperemic response induced by heightened cardiac metabolism, is linked to mitochondrial function we introduced recombinant proteins (intravenously or intraperitoneally) in ZLN and ZOF to fragment or repair mtDNA, respectively. Repair of mtDNA damage restored mitochondrial function and metabolic dilation, and reduced ROS production in ZOF; whereas induction of mtDNA damage in ZLN reduced mitochondrial function, increased ROS production, and attenuated metabolic dilation. Adequate metabolic dilation was also associated with the extracellular release of ADP, ATP, and H2O2 by cardiac myocytes; whereas myocytes from rats with impaired dilation released only H2O2. In conclusion, our results suggest that mitochondrial function plays a seminal role in connecting myocardial blood flow to metabolism, and integrity of mtDNA is central to this process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/metabolism; Coronary Vessels/physiopathology*
  19. Fulltext Giant aneurysm of bilateral coronary arteries with multimodality imaging representations
    Ab Hamid S, Joshi S
    Oxf Med Case Reports, 2019 Apr;2019(4):omy137.
    PMID: 31049209 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omy137
    Giant coronary artery aneurysms are rare, with reported incidence of 0.02-0.2% (Morita H, Ozawa H, Yamazaki S, Yamauchi Y, Tsuji M, Katsumata T, et al. A case of giant coronary artery aneurysm with fistulous connection to the pulmonary artery: a case report and review of the literature. Intern Med. 2012; 51:1361-6.). Multiple giant aneurysms involving all three coronary arteries are even rarer. We report a rare case of multiple giant aneurysms involving the right coronary, left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries, supplemented with excellent multimodality imaging representations, i.e. plain radiograph, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography coronary angiogram.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels
  20. Fulltext Independent origin of anterior interventricular and left marginal arteries from the left posterior aortic sinus
    Shetty P, Nayak SB
    Anat Cell Biol, 2019 Sep;52(3):340-343.
    PMID: 31598365 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.018
    We present a unique, unreported variation of the left coronary artery. During dissection classes for first-year medical students, we observed the absence of left coronary artery in an adult male cadaver aged approximately 78 years. The left aortic sinus was dilated and it gave origin to anterior interventricular and left marginal arteries independently. Left marginal artery was large and the circumflex artery arose from it. There were two independent opening for anterior interventricular and left marginal arteries in the left posterior aortic sinus. No variations were found in the origin and branching pattern of right coronary artery and the walls and chambers of the heart.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels
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