Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 36 in total

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  1. Haque S, Khamis MF, Alam MK, Ahmad WMAW
    J Craniofac Surg, 2021 May 01;32(3):964-966.
    PMID: 33405460 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007366
    ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of multiple factors (congenital and postnatal treatment factors) on the treatment outcome by assessing the maxillary arch dimension of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Eighty-five Pakistani children with UCLP were taken who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty. Laser scanned 3D digital models of UCLP subjects were prepared before any orthodontic treatment and bone grafting at 7.69 ± 2.46 (mean ± standard deviation) years of age. Inter-canine width (ICW), inter-molar width (IMW), and arch depth (AD) measurements of maxillary arch were measured with Mimics software. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between congenital factors (age, gender, UCLP side, family history of cleft) and postnatal treatment factors (techniques of cheiloplasty and techniques of palatoplasty) with maxillary arch dimensions (ICW, IMW, and AD). P value was set at 5%. The mean (standard deviation) dimensions of ICW, IMW, and AD are 26.7 (5.70) mm, 43.3 (4.66) mm, and 27.1 (5.26) mm, respectively. There is no significant association found between multiple factors and maxillary arch dimensions. This regression analysis shows no significant association between multiple factors and MAD in this sample.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/surgery
  2. Arunachalam S, Sivakumar I, Jayaraman J, Sharan J
    BMC Oral Health, 2021 08 11;21(1):395.
    PMID: 34380483 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01755-1
    BACKGROUND: Arch length preservation strategies utilize leeway space or E-space in the mixed dentition to resolve mild to moderate mandibular incisor crowding. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to analyze the effects of arch length preservation strategies in on mandibular second permanent molar eruption.

    METHODS: A search for relevant articles published from inception until May 2020 was performed using PubMed/Medline, Cochrane databases, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google scholar and journal databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted for the conduct of the systematic review. Using RevMan 5.3 software, the most pertinent data were extracted and pooled for quantitative analysis with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was analyzed by using Cochran Q test and I squared statistics.

    RESULTS: A total of 5 studies involving 855 mixed dentition patients with arch length preservation therapy were included in the qualitative analysis. Pooled estimate of the data from two studies revealed 3.14 times higher odds of developing mandibular second molar eruption difficulty due to arch length preservation strategies using lingual holding arch (95% CI; OR 1.10-8.92). There was no heterogeneity found in the analysis. The certainty levels were graded as very low.

    CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review demonstrates that arch length preservation strategies pose a risk for development of mandibular second molar eruption disturbances, but the evidence was of very low quality. Registration number: CRD42019116643.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch*
  3. Rijal OM, Abdullah NA, Isa ZM, Noor NM, Tawfiq OF
    PMID: 23367155 DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6347220
    Selected landmarks from each of 47 maxillary dental casts were used to define a Cartesian-coordinate system from which the positions of selected teeth were determined on standardized digital images. The position of the i-th tooth was defined by a line of length (l(i)) joining the tooth to the origin, and the angle (θ(i)) of this line to the horizontal Cartesian axis. Four teeth, the central incisor, lateral incisor, canine and first molar were selected and their position were collectively used to represent the shape of the dental arch. A pilot study using clustering and principal component analysis strongly suggest the existence of 3 groups of arch shape. In this study, the homogeneity of the 3 groups was further investigated and confirmed by the Dunn and Davies-Bouldein validity indices. This is followed by an investigation of the probability distribution of these 3 groups. The main result of this study suggests 3 groups of multivariate (MV) normal distribution. The MV normal probability distribution of these groups may be used in further studies to investigate the issues of variation of arch shape, which is fundamental to the practice of prosthodontics and orthodontics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/anatomy & histology*
  4. Lavelle CL, Flinn RM, Foster TD, Hamilton MC
    J Anat, 1970 Jul;107(Pt 1):182-3.
    PMID: 5473274
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/growth & development*
  5. Hussein KW, Rajion ZA, Hassan R, Noor SN
    Aust Orthod J, 2009 Nov;25(2):163-8.
    PMID: 20043553
    To compare the mesio-distal tooth sizes and dental arch dimensions in Malay boys and girls with Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/anatomy & histology; Dental Arch/pathology*
  6. Shahid F, Alam MK, Khamis MF
    Eur J Dent, 2016 3 2;9(4):490-499.
    PMID: 26929686 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.172620
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the maxillary and mandibular anterior crown width/height ratio and its relation to various arch perimeters, arch length, and arch width (intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar) groups.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The calculated sample size was 128 subjects. The crown width/height, arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width of the maxilla and mandible were obtained via digital calliper (Mitutoyo, Japan). A total of 4325 variables were measured. The sex differences in the crown width and height were evaluated. Analysis of variance was applied to evaluate the differences between arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width groups.

    RESULTS: Males had significantly larger mean values for crown width and height than females (P ≤ 0.05) for maxillary and mandibular arches, both. There were no significant differences observed for the crown width/height ratio in various arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width (intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar) groups (P ≤ 0.05) in maxilla and mandible, both.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate sexual disparities in the crown width and height. Crown width and height has no significant relation to various arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width groups of maxilla and mandible. Thus, it may be helpful for orthodontic and prosthodontic case investigations and comprehensive management.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch
  7. Mohamed AM, Wong KH, Lee WJ, Marizan Nor M, Mohd Hussaini H, Rosli TI
    Saudi Dent J, 2018 Apr;30(2):142-150.
    PMID: 29628737 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2017.12.001
    Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of resin infiltration on colour changes and surface roughness of artificial white spot lesions (WSLs) on maxillary and mandibular premolar.

    Materials and methods: Sixty (60) extracted sound Maxilla (Mx) and Mandibular (Mn) premolars were randomly divided into 2 groups (test and control). Artificial WSLs were produced on buccal surface of teeth and were immersed in artificial saliva for 8 weeks. Colour components (L∗, a∗, b∗) and surface roughness (Sa∗) were assessed on 40 teeth using colour difference meter RD-100 and Alicona® Infinite Focus profilometer respectively. The measurements were done at baseline (T1), directly after artificial WSLs (T2), after 24 hours immersed in saliva and application of resin (T3) and immersion in artificial saliva for 1 (T4), 2 (T5), 4 (T6), 6 (T7) and 8 (T8) weeks. SEM images analysis were carried out on 20 teeth in four time points.

    Results: The values of L∗ (lightness), b∗ (yellow/blue) and Sa∗ (surface roughness) are gradually reduced to the baseline value. Whereas, the value of a∗ gradually increased with distinct treatment time to achieve the baseline value. The higher value of L∗ and Sa∗, the whiter the lesion suggesting higher degree of enamel demineralization and surface roughness. Lower L∗ values suggest a masking colour effect.

    Conclusion: The material produced favorable esthetics on colour and the surface roughness of teeth at distinct treatment times. It is recommended to be used to improve WSL post orthodontic treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch
  8. Alforaidi S, Zreaqat M, Hassan R
    J Contemp Dent Pract, 2023 Dec 01;24(12):987-990.
    PMID: 38317397 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3606
    AIM: To determine dental arch relationships of Saudi children born with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study that comprised dental study models of 74 UCLP Saudi children aged 8-10 years who were recruited from 14 referral cleft centers. All participants had their cleft lip and palate repaired with no history of alveolar bone graft or any orthodontic treatment. Dental arch relationships of UCLP patients were assessed using the Great Ormond Street, London, and Oslo (GOSLON) Yardstick-a clinical tool that categorizes dental relationships of UCLP children into five discrete grades from I to V. The reliability of the rating was assessed with weighted kappa (κ) statistics.

    RESULTS: Three children (4.1%) had excellent surgical outcomes (grade I), 18 children (24.3%) filled into grade II (good outcome), 22 subjects (29.7%) had grade III (fair outcome), 27 children (36.5%) had grade IV (poor outcome), and 4 subjects (5.4%) were ranked as having very poor outcomes (grade V). The mean GOSLON score was 3.39. Intrarater and interrater agreements were high indicating good reproducibility.

    CONCLUSION: Based on the dental arch relationships, the treatment outcome of UCLP Saudi children was unsatisfactory, with a mean GOSLON score of 3.39. Delayed palate repair and the use of presurgical orthopedics may be considered in the future for cleft deformity management.

    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: To address the effect of particular cleft surgical protocol on dental arch relationships of UCLP patients. How to cite this article: Alforaidi S, Zreaqat M, Hassan R. Dental Arch Relationships of Saudi Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(12):987-990.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch
  9. Al-Khatib AR, Rajion ZA, Masudi SM, Hassan R, Townsend GC
    Homo, 2013 Aug;64(4):296-311.
    PMID: 23755965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2013.04.002
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships of selected facial measurements with mesio-distal crown widths and dental arch dimensions in individuals with normal occlusions. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 276 subjects with Angle's Class I normal occlusions. Three-dimensional images of the face and dental casts were captured and analyzed using stereophotogrammetric systems. Significant correlations were found between the sagittal facial variables and both upper and lower dental arch dimensions and to lesser degree with the horizontal and vertical variables. The values of correlation coefficients calculated between facial and dental crown measurements ranged from .01 to .50 for upper teeth and .01 to .49 for lower teeth. The values of correlation coefficients between facial and upper dental arch dimensions ranged from .01 to .55 and those between facial and lower dental arch dimensions ranged from .01 to .60. A principal components analysis showed that the sagittal dimensions, face height, nose, labial fissure, binocular widths were positively associated with dental arch dimensions and mesio-distal crown diameters in males. On the other hand, only the sagittal variables were associated with dental dimensions in females. The results of this study confirm that positive associations exist between facial and dental arch dimensions. These relationships should be taken into consideration when attempts are made to modify dental arch size as part of orthodontic treatment. Moreover, these relationships are also relevant to prosthodontists involved with selecting tooth sizes that display optimal functional balance with the craniofacial structures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/anatomy & histology
  10. Al-Khatib AR, Rajion ZA, Masudi SM, Hassan R, Townsend GC
    Aust Orthod J, 2012 May;28(1):22-9.
    PMID: 22866590
    The development of three-dimensional computer imaging has many applications in dentistry, including the analysis of dental casts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/anatomy & histology*
  11. Wey MC, Shim CN, Lee MY, Jamaluddin M, Ngeow WC
    Aust Orthod J, 2012 May;28(1):17-21.
    PMID: 22866589
    This study aimed to establish a safety zone for the placement of mini-implants in the buccal surface between the second maxillary premolar (PM2) and first maxillary molar (M1) of Mongoloids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/anatomy & histology*
  12. Othman S, Harradine N
    Angle Orthod, 2007 Jul;77(4):668-74.
    PMID: 17605478
    To explore how many millimeters of tooth size discrepancy (TSD) are clinically significant, to determine what percentage of a representative orthodontic population has such a tooth size discrepancy, and to determine the ability of simple visual inspection to detect such a discrepancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/pathology
  13. Banabilh SM, Rajion ZA, Samsudin R, Singh GD
    Aust Orthod J, 2006 Nov;22(2):99-103.
    PMID: 17203572
    To quantify and localise differences in Class I and Class II dental arches in Malay schoolchildren.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/pathology*
  14. Arshad AI, Alam MK, Khamis MF
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2018 05;55(5):682-687.
    PMID: 29518343 DOI: 10.1177/1055665618758278
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the treatment outcome of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) patients using modified Huddart/Bodenham scoring system (MHB). To determine whether there is an association of congenital and postnatal factors with the treatment outcome.

    DESIGN: Retrospective observational study.

    SETTING: Two regional cleft-referral centers.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In the current study, 101 pairs of dental models of non-syndromic CUCLP patients were retrieved from hospital archives. Each occlusal relationship from central incisor till the first permanent molars were scored except the lateral incisor. Sum of 10 occlusal relationships in each study sample gave a total occlusion score. The primary outcome was the mean total occlusion score.

    RESULTS: According to MHB, a mean (standard deviation) total occlusion score of -8.92 (6.89) was determined. Based on treatment outcome, 66 cases were favorable (grades 1, 2, and 3) and 35 cases were unfavorable (grades 4 and 5). Chi-square tests indicated, difference of cheiloplasty ( P = .001) and palatoplasty ( P < .001) statistically significant. Five variables-gender, family history of cleft, cleft side, cheiloplasty, and palatoplasty-were analyzed with a logistic regression model.

    CONCLUSIONS: Final model indicated that cases treated with modified Millard technique (cheiloplasty) and Veau-Wardill-Kilner method (palatoplasty) had higher odds of unfavorable treatment outcome.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/abnormalities
  15. Haque S, Alam MK, Khamis MF
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2018 08;55(7):966-973.
    PMID: 27479096 DOI: 10.1597/15-293
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dental arch relationship (DAR) of nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to explore the various phenotype and postnatal treatment factors that are responsible for poor DAR.

    DESIGN: Retrospective study.

    SETTING: School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

    SUBJECTS: Eighty-four Bangladeshi children with nonsyndromic UCLP who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dental models were taken at 5 to 12 years of age (man: 7.69), and dental arch relationships were assessed using modified Huddart/Bodenham index (mHB) by two raters. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and interexaminer agreements, chi-square was used to assess the associations, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR.

    RESULTS: The total mHB score (mean [SD]) was -8.261 (7.115). Intra- and interagreement was very good. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis, significant association was found between positive history of class III (P = .025, P = .030, respectively) and unfavorable DAR. Complete UCLP (P = .003) was also significantly correlated with unfavorable DAR.

    CONCLUSION: This multivariate study suggested complete type of UCLP and positive history of class III had a significantly unfavorable effect on the DAR.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/abnormalities*
  16. Yew CC, Alam MK, Rahman SA
    PMID: 27619027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.07.026
    OBJECTIVES: This study is to evaluate the dental arch relationship and palatal morphology of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients by using EUROCRAN index, and to assess the factors that affect them using multivariate statistical analysis.

    METHOD: A total of one hundred and seven patients from age five to twelve years old with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate were included in the study. These patients have received cheiloplasty and one stage palatoplasty surgery but yet to receive alveolar bone grafting procedure. Five assessors trained in the use of the EUROCRAN index underwent calibration exercise and ranked the dental arch relationships and palatal morphology of the patients' study models. For intra-rater agreement, the examiners scored the models twice, with two weeks interval in between sessions. Variable factors of the patients were collected and they included gender, site, type and, family history of unilateral cleft lip and palate; absence of lateral incisor on cleft side, cheiloplasty and palatoplasty technique used. Associations between various factors and dental arch relationships were assessed using logistic regression analysis.

    RESULT: Dental arch relationship among unilateral cleft lip and palate in local population had relatively worse scoring than other parts of the world. Crude logistics regression analysis did not demonstrate any significant associations among the various socio-demographic factors, cheiloplasty and palatoplasty techniques used with the dental arch relationship outcome.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study has limitations that might have affected the results, example: having multiple operators performing the surgeries and the inability to access the influence of underlying genetic predisposed cranio-facial variability. These may have substantial influence on the treatment outcome. The factors that can affect unilateral cleft lip and palate treatment outcome is multifactorial in nature and remained controversial in general.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch*
  17. Wan Hassan WN, Othman SA, Chan CS, Ahmad R, Ali SN, Abd Rohim A
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2016 Nov;150(5):886-895.
    PMID: 27871715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.04.021
    INTRODUCTION: In this study we aimed to compare measurements on plaster models using a digital caliper, and on 3-dimensional (3D) digital models, produced using a structured-light scanner, using 3D software.

    METHODS: Fifty digital models were scanned from the same plaster models. Arch and tooth size measurements were made by 2 operators, twice. Calibration was done on 10 sets of models and checked using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Data were analyzed by error variances, repeatability coefficient, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Bland-Altman plots.

    RESULTS: Error variances ranged between 0.001 and 0.044 mm for the digital caliper method, and between 0.002 and 0.054 mm for the 3D software method. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed small but statistically significant differences (P <0.05) between the repeated measurements in the arch and buccolingual planes (0.011 and 0.008 mm, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between methods and between operators. Bland-Altman plots showed that the mean biases were close to zero, and the 95% limits of agreement were within ±0.50 mm. Repeatability coefficients for all measurements were similar.

    CONCLUSIONS: Measurements made on models scanned by the 3D structured-light scanner were in good agreement with those made on conventional plaster models and were, therefore, clinically acceptable.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/anatomy & histology
  18. Arshad AI, Alam MK, Khamis MF
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2017 Jan;92:70-74.
    PMID: 28012538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.11.006
    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to assess the treatment outcome of non-syndromic patients having complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) by using GOSLON index and to determine any association of pre and/or postnatal factors with the treatment outcome.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and one sets of dental models of patients having CUCLP were assessed in this retrospective study. Five examiners that were blinded to case-specific information scored the dental models at two instances with an interval of two weeks to ensure memory bias elimination (5 × 101 × 2 = 1010 observations). Calibration courses were conducted prior to scoring and each examiner was provided with scoring sheets, pictures of GOSLON reference models and flowcharts explaining the scoring method.

    RESULTS: According to GOSLON index, a mean (SD) GOSLON score of 3.04 (1.25) was determined. Based on treatment outcome groups, 62 patients had favorable (grade 1, 2, and 3) and 39 cases had unfavorable (grade 4 and 5) treatment outcome. Chi-square tests revealed a significant association of gender (P = 0.002), cheiloplasty (P = 0.001) and palatoplasty (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch*
  19. Haque S, Alam MK, Khamis MF
    BMC Pediatr, 2017 May 06;17(1):119.
    PMID: 28477625 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0870-4
    BACKGROUND: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common birth defects. Multiple factors are believed to be responsible for an unfavorable dental arch relationship in CLP. Facial growth (maxillary) retardation, which results in class III malocclusion, is the primary challenge that CLP patients face. Phenotype factors and postnatal treatment factors influence treatment outcomes in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) children, which has led to a great diversity in protocols and surgical techniques by various cleft groups worldwide. The aim of this study was to illustrate the dental arch relationship (DAR) and palatal morphology (PM) of UCLP in Bangladeshi children and to explore the various factors that are responsible for poor DAR and PM.

    METHODS: Dental models of 84 subjects were taken before orthodontic treatment and alveolar bone grafting. The mean age was 7.69 (SD 2.46) years. The DAR and PM were assessed blindly by five raters using the EUROCRAN index (EI). Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner agreement, chi square was used to assess the associations, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR and PM.

    RESULTS: The mean EUROCRAN scores were 2.44 and 1.93 for DAR and PM, respectively. Intra- and inter-examiner agreement was moderate to very good. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analyses, significant associations were found between the modified Millard technique (P = 0.047, P = 0.034 respectively) of cheiloplasty and unfavorable DAR. Complete UCLP (P = 0.017) was also significantly correlated with unfavorable DAR. The PM showed a significant association with the type of cleft, type of cheiloplasty and type of palatoplasty.

    CONCLUSION: This multivariate study determined that the complete type of UCLP and the modified Millard technique of cheiloplasty had significantly unfavorable effects on both the DAR and PM.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/pathology*
  20. Dung TM, Ngoc VTN, Hiep NH, Khoi TD, Xiem VV, Chu-Dinh T, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 02 28;9(1):3101.
    PMID: 30816230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39710-4
    This study aimed to define the width and length of the dental arch in 12-year-old Vietnamese children, and to elucidate differences between genders and among ethnic groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4565 12 years-old children from the 4 major ethnic groups in Vietnam (Kinh, Muong, Thai, and Tay), with a healthy and full set of 28 permanent teeth that had never had any orthodontic treatment and with no reconstructive materials at the measured points. The mean variables in all subjects were 36.39 mm for upper inter-canine width; 46.88 mm for upper inter-first molar width; 59.43 mm for upper inter-second molar width; 10.41 mm for upper anterior length; 32.15 mm for upper posterior length 1; 45.52 mm for upper posterior length 2; 28.31 mm for lower inter-canine width; 41.63 mm for lower inter-first molar width; 54.57 mm for lower inter-second molar width (LM2W); 7.06 mm for lower anterior length (LAL); 26.87 mm for lower posterior length 1 (LP1L); and 41.29 mm for lower posterior length 2. Significant differences in these parameters between genders were found in all ethnic groups, except for LAL in the Kinh and Thai groups, and LP1L in the Tay group. Significant ethnic differences were also found in almost all parameters except LM2W in both males and females. Taken together, the representative sizes of dental arches of 12-year-old Vietnamese children have been defined. Our data indicate that there are some variations in dental arch dimensions among ethnic groups and between genders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/anatomy & histology*
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