Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 514 in total

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  1. Serology of hepatitis B
    How VJL
    Family Practitioner, 1987;10:21-24.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis; Hepatitis B
  2. Hepatatis C: an update in management
    Lachmanan SR
    Family Physician, 2001;11:32-33.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis; Hepatitis B
  3. Hepatitis B - clinical features and prospects for elimination
    Oon CJ
    Family Practitioner, 1986;9(1):15-18.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis; Hepatitis B
  4. Fulltext Kajian sero-prevalens penyakit hepatitis A di Mukim Hulu Langat, Selangor
    Meftahuddin, T., Nik Rubiah, N.A.R., Salmiah, M.S., Salbiah, N., Venugopalans, B., Anisah, A.B., et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2005;5(1):38-43.
    MyJurnal
    Kajian sero»prevalens dijalankan untuk menentukan prevalens kes Hepatitis A dan ciri-ciri demografinya di Kampung Pangsoon, Kampung Padang dan Kampung Lubuk Kelubi, di Mukim Hulu Langat, pada 15 dan 16 Mac 2003. Sebanyak 1643 sampel telah diperiksa dan didapati 995 kes (60.6%) telah terdeclah tehadap jangkitan Hepatitis A iaitu sebanyak 327 kes di Kampung Pangsoon, 400 kes, Kampung Padang dan 268 kes di Kampung Lubuk Kelubi. Majoriti kes adalah perempuan 545 kes (54 .7%), etnik Melayu 752 kes (75 .6%) , berusia kurang daripada 40 tahun (65%) dengan min umurnya 25 .4 tahun ( SP 1 9) dan tahap pendidikan di peringkat sekolah rendah. Kes di kalangan Orang Asli pula sebanyak 231 kes (23 .2%) . Lebih kurartg 40.3% kes telah bekerja, dengan pendapatan kurang daripada RM1000 sebulan. Majoriti kes mempunyai tandas sempurna 92Z( 95.4% ), sistem air limbah 846( 91 .2%), bekalan air seharrtat 930(96.4%) dan sistem lubang sampah 426( 44.6%) . Terdapat perbezaan yang bererti (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis A
  5. A case of hepatitis cured by ipecacuanha
    King HH
    Malaya Medical Journal, 1912;10:26-8.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis
  6. Hepatitis C and hepatitis E vaccines: research update
    Locarnini S
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:116-24.
    PMID: 16108191
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis C/immunology; Hepatitis C/prevention & control*; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines*; Hepatitis E/immunology; Hepatitis E/prevention & control*
  7. Fulltext Viral hepatitis
    Yasmin AM
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):188-92; quiz 193.
    PMID: 10968083
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis D/complications; Hepatitis A/complications; Hepatitis A/prevention & control; Hepatitis B/complications; Hepatitis B/drug therapy; Hepatitis B/prevention & control; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/complications*; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/drug therapy; Hepatitis C/complications; Hepatitis C/drug therapy
  8. Hepatitis B: management of chronic hepatitis B
    Lachmanan SR
    Family Physician, 2001;11:30-31.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B, Chronic
  9. Fulltext Anti-hepatitis A seroprevalence among chronic viral hepatitis patients in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Ahmad F, Hamzah NA, Mustaffa N, Gan SH
    World J Gastroenterol, 2011 Sep 28;17(36):4130-4.
    PMID: 22039329 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i36.4130
    To determine the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and to justify the need for hepatitis A vaccination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis A/blood*; Hepatitis A/immunology*; Hepatitis A/epidemiology; Hepatitis A/prevention & control; Hepatitis, Chronic/blood*; Hepatitis, Chronic/immunology*; Hepatitis, Chronic/epidemiology; Hepatitis, Chronic/prevention & control; Hepatitis A Vaccines; Hepatitis A Antibodies/blood*; Hepatitis A Antibodies/immunology
  10. Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in healthy Malaysian adults
    Ton SH, Noriah R, Duraisamy G
    Indian J Med Res, 1988 Jun;87:542-4.
    PMID: 3240935
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis Antibodies/biosynthesis*; Hepatitis B/immunology*; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/immunology*
  11. Meta-analysis and moderator analysis of the seroprevalence of hepatitis E in South-Eastern Asia
    Raji YE, Toung OP, Taib NM, Sekawi ZB
    Sci Rep, 2023 Jul 23;13(1):11880.
    PMID: 37482578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37941-0
    By 2030, the World Health Organization wants to decrease viral hepatitis incidence and mortality by 90% and 65%, respectively. One of the agents responsible for the increased burden of viral hepatitis is the hepatitis E virus (HEV). This emerging pathogen is prevalent worldwide causing both acute and chronic infection. The rising risk profile of HEV has become a source of increased global public health concern. Despite this challenge, South-Eastern Asia (SEA), where many at-risk people are found, lacks uniform HEV prevalence data. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the overall prevalence of hepatitis E in SEA. Using R statistical software, a random effect model was used to estimate the logit-transformed prevalence. Moderator analyses were used to investigate the potential sources of variation. Thirty-two studies comprising 29,944 with 6806 anti-HEV antibody-positive individuals were evaluated. The overall HEV seroprevalence in SEA was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17-27) with high heterogeneity. At the country level, Laos has the highest prevalence estimate of 39% (CI: 16-69). Also, the studied population, year of publication, duration of sampling, and diagnostic method are significant HEV prevalence predictors accounting for 22.61% of the observed heterogeneity. The high HEV prevalence found in this study necessitates coordinated national and regional efforts to combat this emerging disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis Antibodies; Hepatitis E virus*
  12. Hepatitis B: review of development from the discovery of the "Australia Antigen" to end of the twentieth Century
    Yap SF
    Malays J Pathol, 2004 Jun;26(1):1-12.
    PMID: 16190102
    "Parenteral" or "serum" hepatitis is known to have afflicted man for centuries. However, it was not until the mid-1960s that the causative agent of this infection, the hepatitis B virus, was discovered. Since then, the biology and the replication strategy of the virus, and the clinical features and the epidemiology of the hepatitis B infection have been determined. Knowledge about the virus and the infection it causes led to the development of firstly, a plasma-derived vaccine and later a recombinant vaccine for the prevention of the infection. Integration of the hepatitis B vaccine into newborn vaccination programmes on a worldwide basis represents a major step in the effort to eliminate this infectious disease and its complications. Laboratory tests are available for the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Therapies have been developed to halt the progress of the chronic infection in affected individuals. While these developments have resulted in a decrease of the frequency of infection in many countries, particularly those that have implemented universal immunization of newborns, the chronic infection remains a significant global problem. Worldwide, over 300 million individuals are infected and each year, an estimated 1 million persons die from chronic complications of the disease including hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic failure. The therapies currently available result in elimination of the virus in only a relatively small proportion of subjects and carry with it serious side effects. Geopolitical, economic and other factors hinder the vision of elimination of the infection through immunization programmes. Nevertheless, work continues to clarify further the underlying pathological mechanism of the infection, the host and viral factors that promote elimination or persistence of the virus in the human host. It is hoped that such investigations will reveal viral targets for the design of newer and potentially more effective drugs to treat the infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/diagnosis; Hepatitis B/etiology; Hepatitis B/history*; Hepatitis B/immunology; Hepatitis B/epidemiology; Hepatitis B/prevention & control; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology*; Hepatitis B virus/genetics; Hepatitis B virus/immunology; Hepatitis B virus/ultrastructure; Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology; Hepatitis B Vaccines/therapeutic use
  13. HBeAG and anti-HBe in the Malaysian population and in Malaysian prisoners
    Ton SH, Lopez CG, Noriah R
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1983 Jun;14(2):252-4.
    PMID: 6635764
    The incidence of HBsAg in random blood donors was found to be twice that of the prisoner population. The anti-HBe however, was about twice that in the prisoners when compared with the random blood donors. Both the random blood donors and the prisoners had similar incidence of HBeAg. The percentage frequency of HBsAg positivity with anti-HBe positivity was also similar in both groups. The 18 normal non-blood donors did not have HBsAg, HBeAg or anti-HBe.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis*; Hepatitis B Antigens/analysis*; Hepatitis B e Antigens/analysis*; Hepatitis B e Antigens/immunology; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis
  14. Test your knowledge on Hepatitis B laboratory investigations
    Kwa SK
    Family Physician, 2000;11:18.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B
  15. Fulltext Seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis A in Southeast Asia: A systematic review
    Hernandez-Suarez G, Saha D, Lodroño K, Boonmahittisut P, Taniwijaya S, Saha A, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(12):e0258659.
    PMID: 34851983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258659
    BACKGROUND: A previous review on hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence in 2005 categorized Southeast Asia as a low HAV endemicity region. In 2010, the World Health Organization modified this from low to low/medium endemicity, pointing out that these estimates were based on limited evidence. Since then, there has been no attempt to review HAV epidemiology from this region. We conducted a systematic review of literature to collect information on HAV incidence and seroprevalence in select countries in the Southeast Asian region, specifically, The Association of Southeast Asian Nations over the last 20 years.

    METHODOLOGY: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. From the relevant articles, we extracted data and conducted a risk of bias assessment of individual studies.

    RESULTS: The search yielded 22 and 13 publications on HAV seroprevalence and incidence, respectively. Overall, our findings point to a very low HAV endemicity profile in Thailand and Singapore and evidence of a shift towards low HAV endemicity in Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Only Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines have existing HAV disease surveillance and reported incidence rates below 1 per 100,000. Several outbreaks with varying magnitude documented in the region provide insights into the evolving epidemiology of HAV in the region. Risk of bias assessment of studies revealed that the individual studies were of low to medium risk.

    CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The available HAV endemicity profiles in Southeast Asian countries, aside from Thailand, are limited and outdated, but suggest an endemicity shift in the region that is not fully documented yet. These findings highlight the need to update information on HAV epidemiology through strengthening of disease surveillance mechanisms to confirm the shift in HAV endemicity in the region.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis A/epidemiology*; Hepatitis A virus*
  16. Delta hepatitis in Malaysia
    Sinniah M, Dimitrakakis M, Tan DS
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1986 Jun;17(2):229-33.
    PMID: 3787309
    Sera from one hundred and fifty nine Malaysian individuals were screened for the prevalence of delta markers. These included 15 HBsAg positive homosexuals, 16 acute hepatitis B cases, 9 chronic hepatitis B patients, 13 healthy HBsAg carriers and 106 intravenous (i.v.) drug abusers, of whom 27 were positive for HBsAg only and the rest were anti-HBc IgG positive but HBsAg negative. The prevalence of delta markers in the homosexuals was found to be 6.7%, in the HBsAg positive drug abusers 17.8%, in acute hepatitis B cases 12.5%. No evidence of delta infection was detected in healthy HBsAg carriers, chronic hepatitis B cases and HBsAg negative i.v. drug abusers. With reference to i.v. drug abusers, the prevalence of delta markers was higher in Malays (23%) than in Chinese (7%) although the latter had a higher HBsAg carrier rate. Although the HBsAg carrier rate in the homosexuals was high, their delta prevalence rate was low as compared to drug abusers. In Malaysia, as in other non-endemic regions, hepatitis delta virus transmission appeared to occur mainly via the parenteral and sexual routes. This is the first time in Malaysia that a reservoir of delta infection has been demonstrated in certain groups of the population at high risk for hepatitis B.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis Delta Virus/immunology; Hepatitis D/epidemiology*; Hepatitis Antibodies/analysis; Hepatitis B/complications*; Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis; Hepatitis B Antigens/analysis; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis; Hepatitis delta Antigens
  17. Preimmunisation hepatitis B screening in Singapore--a viewpoint from private sector clinics
    Mah GK, Yeo A
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1990 May;19(3):339-43.
    PMID: 2144101
    Blood samples from 1,600 persons who sought immunisation against hepatitis B in private clinics in Singapore in 1988-1989 were screened for two viral markers. Of that total, 4.81% were positive for HBsAg and 17.31% had anti-HBs levels greater than 10 mIU/ml, indicating that about 22.12% of the general population would not benefit from immunisation. Preimmunisation screening will identify persons not requiring the hepatitis B vaccine and thus, avoid wastage. When immunisation has already been performed without screening, recall for post-immunisation screening should be considered in order to detect the infectious hepatitis B carriers. Data in this study indicates that at this point in time, it is important to immunise adolescents and adults, in addition to neonates and children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/diagnosis*; Hepatitis B/ethnology; Hepatitis B/immunology; Hepatitis B/prevention & control; Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines; Hepatitis B Vaccines
  18. Assessment of infectiousness of male Malaysian blood donors
    So-Har T, Gladys LC, Ramli N
    Vox Sang, 1983;45(5):389-91.
    PMID: 6636661
    HBeAg and anti-HBe were determined in the blood of 189 male blood donors. The incidence of HBsAg was 6.9% while that for HBeAg and anti-HBe was 1.6 and 18%, respectively. Of the 13 samples positive for HBsAg, two (15.4%) were positive for HBe while six (46.2%) were positive for anti-HBe. One specimen was negative for HBsAg but was positive for HBeAg and anti-HBe. The observations are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/transmission*; Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis; Hepatitis B e Antigens/analysis; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis
  19. Markers of hepatitis B virus infection in asymptomatic drug abusers in Malaysia
    Mangalam S, Tan DS, Vijayamalar B, Collett D, Fang R
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1986 Jun;17(2):209-13.
    PMID: 3787308
    Sera from 200 Malaysian male drug abusers were tested for markers of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, viz. HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc using commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits supplied by Abbot Laboratories, Chicago. Of these, 103 (51.5%) were positive for at least one HBV marker, 11 (5.5%) were positive for HBsAg; 4 (2%) for HBeAg, 74 (37%) for anti-HBs and 85 (42.5%) for anti-HBc. The HBsAg carrier rate was roughly the same as the carrier rate in the general population of Malaysia. The majority of drug abusers (95%) have had subclinical, asymptomatic HBV infection. Racially the Malay drug abusers had the highest exposure rate (54.2%). The HBsAg carrier rate was highest in the Chinese drug abusers (15.3%) and lowest in the Indians (0%). The mean age for the HBsAg carriers was found to be 26 years with a mean duration of drug abuse of 72 months. The Malaysian Anti-Narcotics Task Force of the National Security Council reported in the Malay Mail (July 13, 1985) that there were about 106,000 identified drug abusers in Malaysia and that 63% of these were in the 20-29 age groups. It appears from our study that this age group also coincides with the period of high HBsAg carrier rate. Age wise, those less than 21 years old had the highest HBsAg (11%) and HBeAg (5.6%) prevalence rates indicating high infectivity. After the age of 30 years, nearly 50% of the drug abusers appear to be immune with the HBe prevalence of 0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/epidemiology*; Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis*; Hepatitis B e Antigens/analysis*; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis*
  20. Hepatitis disease management programs in Malaysia
    Khairullah NS, Merican DI
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2004 Mar;19 Suppl:S13-6.
    PMID: 15156929
    The MLF since its inception in 1996 has endeavored to develop a coordinated approach towards the improved care and treatment of liver diseases in Malaysia. Its close liaison with the Malaysian MOH, local medical associations, and corporate bodies has contributed to the success of its many programs. Educating the public, research, and training have been important elements of successful hepatitis disease control programs. Hepatitis Days have been proven to be very successful in raising the awareness of the general public to hepatitis disease. Rapid screening and vaccination has also helped to remove the social stigma associated with the disease, eliminated the need for numerous clinic appointments, and rendered vaccination more accessible to the public. The MLF perspective emphasizes the need for collaborative effort between Government bodies and other agencies, such as non-governmental organizations, laboratories, and the medical fraternity, to ensure the overall success of hepatitis disease management programs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis A/diagnosis; Hepatitis A/epidemiology*; Hepatitis A/prevention & control*; Hepatitis B/diagnosis; Hepatitis B/epidemiology*; Hepatitis B/prevention & control*
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