Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 151 in total

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  1. Mat Nor MN, Guo CX, Green CR, Squirrell D, Acosta ML
    J Anat, 2023 Oct;243(4):697-705.
    PMID: 37222261 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13889
    The aim of this study is to correlate small dot hyper-reflective foci (HRF) observed in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans of an animal model of hyperglycaemia with focal electroretinography (fERG) response and immunolabelling of retinal markers. The eyes of an animal model of hyperglycaemia showing signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) were imaged using SD-OCT. Areas showing dot HRF were further evaluated using fERG. Retinal areas enclosing the HRF were dissected and serially sectioned, stained and labelled for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and a microglial marker (Iba-1). Small dot HRF were frequently seen in OCT scans in all retinal quadrants in the inner nuclear layer or outer nuclear layer in the DR rat model. Retinal function in the HRF and adjacent areas was reduced compared with normal control rats. Microglial activation was detected by Iba-1 labelling and retinal stress identified by GFAP expression in Müller cells observed in discrete areas around small dot HRF. Small dot HRF seen in OCT images of the retina are associated with a local microglial response. This study provides the first evidence of dot HRF correlating with microglial activation, which may allow clinicians to better evaluate the microglia-mediated inflammatory component of progressive diseases showing HRF.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia*
  2. Deo P, Fenech M, Dhillon VS
    Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res, 2021 01 29;787:108369.
    PMID: 34083054 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108369
    Micronucleus assay has been used as a biomarker of DNA damage, chromosomal instability, cancer risk and accelerated aging. In this review, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between micronuclei (MNi) and diseases with increased advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and HbA1c. The review identified eight studies with 632 subjects with disease and 547 controls. The Mean Ratio (MRi) for AGE levels (MRi = 2.92, 95 %CI: 2.06-4.13, P < 0.00001) and HbA1c levels (MRi = 1.32, 95 %CI: 1.12-1.56, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the disease group compared to healthy controls. The meta-analysis indicated that the overall estimates of MRi for MNi was 1.83 (95 %CI: 1.38-2.42, p < 0.0001) in subjects with disease compared to controls. Significant increases in MRi for MNi were also observed in the following sub-groups: subjects with disease for elevated AGEs (MRi = 1.62, 95 %CI: 1.12-2.35, P = 0.01), elevated HbA1c (MRi = 2.13, 95 %CI: 1.33-3.39, P = 0.002), lymphocytes MNi (MRi = 1.74, 95 %CI: 1.29-2.33, P = 0.0003), exfoliated buccal cells MNi (MRi = 2.86, 95 %CI: 1.19-6.87, P = 0.02), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (MRi = 1.99, 95 %CI: 1.17-3.39, P = 0.01), chronic renal disease (MRi = 1.68, 95 %CI: 1.18-2.38, P = 0.004) and other disease groups (MRi = 2.52, 95 %CI: 1.28-4.96, P = 0.008). The results of this review suggest that MNi could be used as a biomarker of DNA damage and chromosomal instability in degenerative disease where increased AGEs and HbA1c are implicated. The lack of heterogeneity for MN frequency when considered either for all studies or subgroup strengthened the MRi of the meta-analysis. However, the lack of significant association between MRi for MNi and MRi for AGEs or HbA1c indicates that the case-control studies investigated may be confounded by other variables. Thus, larger studies with long term AGE exposure is warranted to further understand the role of MN formation in the initiation and progression of diseases caused by excessive glycation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/blood; Hyperglycemia/metabolism*
  3. Chew BH, Hussain H, Supian ZA
    BMC Fam Pract, 2021 06 11;22(1):111.
    PMID: 34116645 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01472-2
    BACKGROUND: Good-quality evidence has shown that early glycaemic, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) leads to better outcomes. In spite of that, diseases control have been inadequate globally, and therapeutic inertia could be one of the main cause. Evidence on therapeutic inertia has been lacking at primary care setting. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the proportions of therapeutic inertia when treatment targets of HbA1c, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol were not achieved in adults with T2D at three public health clinics in Malaysia.

    METHODS: The index prescriptions were those that when the annual blood tests were reviewed. Prescriptions of medication were verified, compared to the preceding prescriptions and classified as 1) no change, 2) stepping up and 3) stepping down. The treatment targets were HbA1c 

    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia*
  4. Tan RSJ, Ng KT, Xin CE, Atan R, Yunos NM, Hasan MS
    J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2022 Sep;36(9):3576-3586.
    PMID: 35715291 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.05.011
    OBJECTIVES: The clinical efficacy of corticosteroids remains unclear. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the use of high-dose versus low- dose corticosteroids on the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients.

    DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

    SETTING: Electronic search for randomized controlled trials and observational studies (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL).

    PARTICIPANTS: Hospitalized adults ≥ 18 years old who were SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive.

    INTERVENTIONS: High-dose and low-dose corticosteroids.

    MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of twelve studies (n=2759 patients) were included in this review. The pooled analysis demonstrated no significant difference in mortality rate between the high-dose and low-dose corticosteroids groups (n=2632; OR: 1.07 [95%CI 0.67, 1.72], p=0.77, I2=76%, trial sequential analysis=inconclusive). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate (n=1544; OR: 0.77[95%CI 0.43, 1.37], p=0.37, I2= 72%), duration of hospital stay (n=1615; MD: 0.53[95%CI -1.36, 2.41], p=0.58, I2=87%), respiratory support (n=1694; OR: 1.51[95%CI 0.77, 2.96], p=0.23, I2=84%), duration of mechanical ventilation (n=419; MD: -1.44[95%CI -4.27, 1.40], p=0.32, I2=93%), incidence of hyperglycemia (n=516, OR: 0.91[95%CI 0.58, 1.43], p=0.68, I2=0%) and infection rate (n=1485, OR: 0.86[95%CI 0.64, 1.16], p=0.33, I2=29%).

    CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis demonstrated high-dose corticosteroids did not reduce mortality rate. However, high-dose corticosteroids did not pose higher risk of hyperglycemia and infection rate for COVID-19 patients. Due to the inconclusive trial sequential analysis, substantial heterogeneity and low level of evidence, future large-scale randomized clinical trials are warranted to improve the certainty of evidence for the use of high-dose compared to low-dose corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia*
  5. Phang SJ, Teh HX, Looi ML, Fauzi MB, Neo YP, Arumugam B, et al.
    Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2024 Feb;21(2):243-260.
    PMID: 37865625 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00590-5
    BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major debilitating complication of diabetes. The lack of effective diabetic wound dressings has been a significant problem in DFU management. In this study, we aim to establish a phlorotannin-incorporated nanofibre system and determine its potential in accelerating hyperglycaemic wound healing.

    METHODS: The effective dose of Ecklonia cava phlorotannins (ECP) for hyperglycaemic wound healing was determined prior to phlorotannin nanofibre fabrication using polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ECP. Vapour glutaraldehyde was used for crosslinking of the PVA/PVP nanofibres. The phlorotannin nanofibres were characterised, and their safety and cytocompatibility were validated. Next, the wound healing effect of phlorotannin nanofibres was determined with 2D wound scratch assay, whereas immunofluorescence staining of Collagen-I (Col-I) and Cytokeratin-14 (CK-14) was performed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK), respectively.

    RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that 0.01 μg/mL ECP significantly improved hyperglycaemic wound healing without compromising cell viability and proliferation. Among all nanofibres, PVA/PVP/0.01 wt% ECP nanofibres exhibited the best hyperglycaemic wound healing effect. They displayed a diameter of 334.7 ± 10.1 nm, a porosity of 40.7 ± 3.3%, and a WVTR of 1718.1 ± 32.3 g/m2/day. Besides, the FTIR spectra and phlorotannin release profile validated the successful vapour glutaraldehyde crosslinking and ECP incorporation. We also demonstrated the potential of phlorotannin nanofibres as a non-cytotoxic wound dressing as they support the viability and proliferation of both HDF and HEK. Furthermore, phlorotannin nanofibres significantly ameliorated the impaired hyperglycaemic wound healing and restored the hyperglycaemic-induced Col-I reduction in HDF.

    CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings show that phlorotannin nanofibres have the potential to be used as a diabetic wound dressing.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia*
  6. Firouzi S, Barakatun-Nisak MY, Ismail A, Majid HA, Nor Azmi K
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2013 Sep;64(6):780-6.
    PMID: 23484591 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.775227
    Evidences from several studies suggest that probiotics affect glucose homeostasis. This paper reviews the results of animal and human studies on the role of probiotics in modulating glucose homeostasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/immunology; Hyperglycemia/microbiology; Hyperglycemia/prevention & control*
  7. Tan, T.L., Mohd Fazrul, M.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):237-242.
    MyJurnal
    Hemichorea-hemiballismus (HC-HB) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements involving limbs on one side of the body. Many etiological factors were identified and these included stroke, infection, and neoplasm. However, acute hyperglycemia-induced HC-HB is less well known. We present two cases of non-ketotic hyperglycemia-induced HC-HB. The cases depicted here Illustrate that HC-HB can be the sole presentation from among a variety of neurological manifestations of poorly controlled diabetes which can be easily reversed when hyperglycemia is corrected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia
  8. Safi SZ, Qvist R, Kumar S, Batumalaie K, Ismail IS
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:801269.
    PMID: 25105142 DOI: 10.1155/2014/801269
    The growing number of people with diabetes worldwide suggests that diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) will continue to be sight threatening factors. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is a widespread cause of visual impairment in the world and a range of hyperglycemia-linked pathways have been implicated in the initiation and progression of this condition. Despite understanding the polyol pathway flux, activation of protein kinase C (KPC) isoforms, increased hexosamine pathway flux, and increased advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation, pathogenic mechanisms underlying diabetes induced vision loss are not fully understood. The purpose of this paper is to review molecular mechanisms that regulate cell survival and apoptosis of retinal cells and discuss new and exciting therapeutic targets with comparison to the old and inefficient preventive strategies. This review highlights the recent advancements in understanding hyperglycemia-induced biochemical and molecular alterations, systemic metabolic factors, and aberrant activation of signaling cascades that ultimately lead to activation of a number of transcription factors causing functional and structural damage to retinal cells. It also reviews the established interventions and emerging molecular targets to avert diabetic retinopathy and its associated risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/complications; Hyperglycemia/drug therapy; Hyperglycemia/metabolism; Hyperglycemia/pathology
  9. Shyam S, Wai TN, Arshad F
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2012;21(2):201-8.
    PMID: 22507605
    This paper outlines the methodology to add glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) functionality to food DietPLUS, a Microsoft Excel-based Malaysian food composition database and diet intake calculator. Locally determined GI values and published international GI databases were used as the source of GI values. Previously published methodology for GI value assignment was modified to add GI and GL calculators to the database. Two popular local low GI foods were added to the DietPLUS database, bringing up the total number of foods in the database to 838 foods. Overall, in relation to the 539 major carbohydrate foods in the Malaysian Food Composition Database, 243 (45%) food items had local Malaysian values or were directly matched to International GI database and another 180 (33%) of the foods were linked to closely-related foods in the GI databases used. The mean ± SD dietary GI and GL of the dietary intake of 63 women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, calculated using DietPLUS version3 were, 62 ± 6 and 142 ± 45, respectively. These values were comparable to those reported from other local studies. DietPLUS version3, a simple Microsoft Excel-based programme aids calculation of diet GI and GL for Malaysian diets based on food records.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/blood; Hyperglycemia/ethnology; Hyperglycemia/metabolism; Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
  10. Benchoula K, Khatib A, Jaffar A, Ahmed QU, Sulaiman WMAW, Wahab RA, et al.
    Exp Anim, 2019 Nov 06;68(4):407-416.
    PMID: 31118344 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0168
    Metabolic syndrome is a cluster including hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridaemia as a result of biochemical and physiological alterations and can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Fundamental research on this disease requires validated animal models. One potential animal model that is rapidly gaining in popularity is zebrafish (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish as an animal model conveys several advantages, including high human genetic homology, transparent embryos and larvae that allow easier visualization. This review discusses how zebrafish models contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome studies. Different diseases in the cluster of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperglycaemia, obesity, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridaemia, have been successfully studied using zebrafish; and the model is promising for hypertension and cardiovascular metabolic-related diseases due to its genetic similarity to mammals. Genetic mutation, chemical induction, and dietary alteration are among the tools used to improve zebrafish models. This field is expanding, and thus, more effective and efficient techniques are currently developed to fulfil the increasing demand for thorough investigations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/etiology*
  11. Hammad MA, Tangiisuran B, Kharshid AM, Abdul-Aziz N, Hassan Y, Aziz NA, et al.
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2017 Oct-Dec;9(4):221-228.
    PMID: 29456372 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_26_17
    Context: The literature of drug-drug interaction (DDI)-related uncontrolled causality, and preventability of DDI-induced UCG (HbA1c >7%) in outpatients glycemia (UCG) among outpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is still limited.
    Aims: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence, mechanism, severity, with Type 2 diabetes.
    Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Penang General Hospital.
    Methods: A computerized system for DDI checking was used to assess the severity and mechanism of DDIs. Drug interaction probability scale was used to evaluate the likelihood of DDIs. Preventability of DDIs has been determined by the instrument of Hallas. The UCG prevalence related to DDIs was further assessed.
    Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS 21.00 was used in this study.
    Results: From 425 outpatients with HbA1c% test, their mean age was 58.7 ± 12.8 years. Only 225 (52.9%) cases had controlled glycemia while 200 (47.1%) cases with UCG. They had multiple comorbidities, with a mean number of 3.8 ± 2.2/patient and often prescribed with multiple medications, with a mean number of 6.33 ± 4.67/patient. It has been detected that 86 DDIs causing UCG in 46 patients (23%) with range of (1 - 4) DDIs per patient. Drugs with DDI-induced UCG were as follows: diuretics (79%), salbutamol (9.2%), cortisones (5.8%), and others (6%). The majority of these DDIs were categorized as possible (77.9%) and preventable (37%).
    Conclusion: Nearly one-quarter of UCG was induced by DDIs; most of these DDIs are possible, and more than one-third are preventable. It was concluded that thiazide diuretics have the highest prevalence of DDI-related UCG.
    Study site: Endocrine clinic, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia*
  12. Yong PH, New SY, Azzani M, Wu YS, Chia VV, Ng ZX
    Endocr Regul, 2023 Jan 01;58(1):26-39.
    PMID: 38345496 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2024-0004
    Hyperglycemia in diabetes mediates the release of angiogenic factors, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and inflammation, which in turn stimulate angiogenesis. Excessive angiogenesis can cause diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy. All of these complications are debilitating, which may lead to an increased susceptibility to lower-limb amputations due to ulcerations and infections. In addition, microvascular alterations, segmental demyelination, and endoneurial microangiopathy may cause progressive deterioration ultimately leading to kidney failure and permanent blindness. Some medicinal plants have potent anti-angiogenic, antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties that can ameliorate angiogenesis in diabetes. The purpose of this systematic review is to demonstrate the potential of medicinal plants in ameliorating the neovascularization activities in diabetes. Manuscripts were searched from PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases, and Google Scholar was used for searching additional papers. From 1862 manuscripts searched, 1854 were excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and 8 were included into this systematic review, whereas the required information was extracted and summarized. All identified medicinal plants decreased the high blood glucose levels in diabetes, except the aqueous extract of Lonicerae japonicae flos (FJL) and Vasant Kusumakar Ras. They also increased the reduced body weight in diabetes, except the aqueous extract of FL and total lignans from Fructus arctii. However, methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia and Vasant Kusumakar Ras were not tested for their ability to affect the body weight. Besides, all medicinal plants identified in this systematic review decreased the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression and vasculature activity demonstrated by histopathological examination indicating promising anti-angiogenic properties. All medicinal plants identified in this systematic review have a potential to ameliorate neovascularization activities in diabetes by targeting the mechanistic pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia*
  13. Mamikutty N, Thent ZC, Sapri SR, Sahruddin NN, Mohd Yusof MR, Haji Suhaimi F
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:263897.
    PMID: 25045660 DOI: 10.1155/2014/263897
    Metabolic syndrome can be caused by modification of diet by means of consumption of high carbohydrate and high fat diet such as fructose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/complications; Hyperglycemia/metabolism*; Hyperglycemia/pathology
  14. Lye, H.M., Chiew, J.C., Siddique, M.M.
    MyJurnal
    The increasing and widespread use of synthetic food dyes raises health concerns and earlier reports suggest that certain food dyes might be harmful for human health. In this study, we have investigated the effect of three commonly used food dyes on human liver cell line, HepG2. Our findings suggest that these experimental food dyes significantly affect cell viability and this effect can be worsen in hyperglycemic condition. Accumulation of cellular fat was significantly higher in presence of these dyes. Expression pattern of the gene involved in regulating apoptosis suggests that that the observed cell death could be attributed to the activation of apoptotic pathway. These findings suggest that these experimental dyes might exert synergistic toxicity in hyperglycemia that need to be confirmed using suitable in vivo models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia
  15. Hassan, B. M.
    MyJurnal
    As primary care doctors, treating patients with Type 2 DM is our bread and butter, as the majority of them seek treatment at health clinics. It is true that some of the patients have managed to achieve good glycaemic control, but more than half of them still have poorly controlled blood sugar as compared to the clinical practice guideline recommendation [1]. And usually, the first thing that comes to our mind when seeing these patients is to increase the dosage of anti-diabetic medication that they are currently on or to add another agent, including insulin. We also frequently tell them that the high blood sugar level is not surprising, as such is the nature of diabetes, where the worsening of blood sugar is expected due to progressive deterioration of pancreatic beta cell function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia
  16. Zaman Huri H, Permalu V, Vethakkan SR
    PLoS One, 2014;9(9):e106505.
    PMID: 25181406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106505
    Sliding-scale and basal-bolus insulin regimens are two options available for the treatment of severe or acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Although its use is not recommended, sliding-scale insulin therapy is still being used widely. The aims of the study were to compare the glycemic control achieved by using sliding-scale or basal-bolus regimens for the management of severe or acute hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes and to analyze factors associated with the types of insulin therapy used in the management of severe or acute hyperglycemia. This retrospective study was conducted using the medical records of patients with acute or severe hyperglycemia admitted to a hospital in Malaysia from January 2008 to December 2012. A total of 202 patients and 247 admissions were included. Patients treated with the basal-bolus insulin regimen attained lower fasting blood glucose (10.8 ± 2.3 versus 11.6 ± 3.5 mmol/L; p = 0.028) and mean glucose levels throughout severe/acute hyperglycemia (12.3 ± 1.9 versus 12.8 ± 2.2; p = 0.021) compared with sliding-scale insulin regimens. Diabetic ketoacidosis (p = 0.043), cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.005), acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (p = 0.010), and the use of corticosteroids (p = 0.037) and loop diuretics (p = 0.016) were significantly associated with the type of insulin regimen used. In conclusion, type 2 diabetes patients with severe and acute hyperglycemia achieved better glycemic control with the basal-bolus regimen than with sliding-scale insulin, and factors associated with the insulin regimen used could be identified.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/complications*; Hyperglycemia/drug therapy*
  17. Naomi R, Bahari H, Yazid MD, Othman F, Zakaria ZA, Hussain MK
    Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Oct 06;22(19).
    PMID: 34639164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910816
    Hyperglycemia is a condition with high glucose levels that may result in dyslipidemia. In severe cases, this alteration may lead to diabetic retinopathy. Numerous drugs have been approved by officials to treat these conditions, but usage of any synthetic drugs in the long term will result in unavoidable side effects such as kidney failure. Therefore, more emphasis is being placed on natural ingredients due to their bioavailability and absence of side effects. In regards to this claim, promising results have been witnessed in the usage of Ipomoea batatas (I. batatas) in treating the hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic condition. Thus, the aim of this paper is to conduct an overview of the reported effects of I. batatas focusing on in vitro and in vivo trials in reducing high glucose levels and regulating the dyslipidemic condition. A comprehensive literature search was performed using Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Nature, and PubMed databases to identify the potential articles on particular topics. The search query was accomplished based on the Boolean operators involving keywords such as (1) Beneficial effect OR healing OR intervention AND (2) sweet potato OR Ipomoea batatas OR traditional herb AND (3) blood glucose OR LDL OR lipid OR cholesterol OR dyslipidemia. Only articles published from 2011 onwards were selected for further analysis. This review includes the (1) method of intervention and the outcome (2) signaling mechanism involved (3) underlying mechanism of action, and the possible side effects observed based on the phytoconstiuents isolated. The comprehensive literature search retrieved a total of 2491 articles using the appropriate keywords. However, on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 23 articles were chosen for further review. The results from these articles indicate that I. batatas has proven to be effective in treating the hyperglycemic condition and is able to regulate dyslipidemia. Therefore, this systematic review summarizes the signaling mechanism, mechanism of action, and phytoconstituents responsible for those activities of I. batatas in treating hyperglycemic based on the in vitro and in vivo study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/complications; Hyperglycemia/drug therapy*
  18. Johari B, Hanafiah M, Shahizon AM, Koshy M
    BMJ Case Rep, 2014;2014.
    PMID: 24792025 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204053
    A 62-year-old man presented with a right-sided hemichorea-hemiballismus secondary to underlying non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. This condition is recognised to have a unique finding of unilateral basal ganglia lesion, which is hyperdense on CT and hyperintense on T1-weighted MRI. The clinical course of this condition is benign and has a good prognosis with early correction of the hyperglycaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/complications*; Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
  19. Mirhosseini NZ, Yusoff NA, Shahar S, Parizadeh SM, Mobarhen MG, Shakery MT
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2009;18(1):131-6.
    PMID: 19329406
    Introduction: This study sought to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, one of the major public-health challenges worldwide, and its influencing factors among 15 to 17 years old adolescent girls in Mashhad, Iran.
    Methods: A total of 622 high school adolescents participated in a cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic characteristics and dietary habits. Anthropometric assessments, blood pressure measurement and biochemical assessment were done.
    Results: Applying BMI Z-score for age and gender (WHO 2007), 14.6 % and 3.4 % of subjects were classified as overweight and obese, respectively. Enlarged WC (> 80 cm) was seen in 9.5% of subjects. The prevalence of combined hypertension was 6.1% which was increased by the severity of obesity. A total of 24.5% of subjects had hypertriglyceridemia and 57% of them had low level of HDL-cholesterol. Hyperglycemia was present in 16.7% of subjects. Based on the NCEP ATP III (2001) criteria, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 6.5% and increased to 45.1% in obese subjects. Increasing BMI or WC, led to significant increment in the number of metabolic syndrome features (p < 0.001). High socioeconomic status of family, medical history of parents and dietary habits especially high consumption of carbohydrates were influencing factors in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.
    Conclusion: Approximately 6.5% of all and 45% of obese subjects met the criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Dietary habits especially carbohydrate consumption, socioeconomic status of family and medical history of parents can be influential factors in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/complications; Hyperglycemia/epidemiology*
  20. Ismail IS, Nazaimoon WM, Mohamad WB, Letchuman R, Singaraveloo M, Pendek R, et al.
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2000 Jan;47(1):57-69.
    PMID: 10660222 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(99)00104-7
    Recent studies have shown that good glycaemic control can prevent the development of diabetic complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We wished to observe the glycaemic control in patients from different centres in Peninsular Malaysia and the factors that determine it. We recruited 926 patients with diabetes diagnosed before age 40 years from seven different centres, with proportionate representation from the three main ethnic groups. Clinical history and physical examination were done and blood taken for HbA1c and fasting glucose. The overall glycaemic control was poor with geometric mean HbA1c of 8.6% whilst 61.1% of the patients had HbA1c greater than 8%. Glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes varied between various centres and ethnic groups, with the best control obtained in Chinese patients. Significant predictors of HbA1c in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes include access to nurse educators, ethnic background and WHR. In type 2 diabetes, use of insulin was a significant predictor, while in type 1 diabetes, household income was a significant predictor. Socioeconomic status did not have a significant effect in type 2 diabetes. There were no significant differences in the glycaemic control in patients with different educational status. In conclusion, glycaemic control in big hospitals in Malaysia was poor, and was closely related to the availability of diabetes care facilities and ethnic group, rather than socioeconomic status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/epidemiology; Hyperglycemia/therapy
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