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  1. Fulltext Evaluation of the Policy Effect of China's Environmental Interview System for Effective Air Quality Governance
    Jin X, Sumaila UR, Yin K, Qi Z
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 08 26;18(17).
    PMID: 34501589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179006
    The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China formally proposed an environmental interview system in May 2014, which applies pressure on local governments to fulfill their responsibility toward environmental protection by conducting face-to-face public interviews with their officials. In this paper, 48 cities that were publicly interviewed from 2014-2020 were considered the experimental group and 48 cities surrounding them were the control group. First, the dynamic panel model is applied to initially determine the effect of the policy. Then, a regression discontinuity method (Sharp RD) is used to analyze the short-term and long-term effects and compare the reasons for the differences observed among the estimates of various types of samples. Finally, a series of robustness tests were also conducted. The results show that the environmental interview system can improve air quality. However, because an emergency short-term local governance system exists at present, the governance effect is not long-term and, therefore, not sustainable. Therefore, it suggests that the government should continue to improve the environmental interview system, establish an optimal environmental protection incentive mechanism, and encourage local governments to implement environmental protection policies effectively in the long term. The results of the research are of great significance to the environmental impact assessment system of the world, especially in countries with similar economic systems, which are facing a trade-off between economic growth and environmental sustainability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  2. Media and interpersonal persuasions in the polio eradication campaign in northern Nigeria
    Ozohu-Suleiman Y
    J Public Health Afr, 2010 Sep 01;1(1):e2.
    PMID: 28299036 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2010.e2
    This study is premised on the increasing global concerns over the widespread resistance to polio eradication campaign in northern Nigeria. It aims to determine the level of campaign acceptance and compare the influences of mass media and interpersonal communication sources in Zaria local government area, being one of the high-risk (WPV-endemic) areas in northern Nigeria, where campaign resistance is known to be high. By way of quantitative survey, the study utilized 10% sample of the populations of eight out of the thirteen Wards in Zaria local government area, with a response rate of 78.6%. Findings reveal close ranks between campaign acceptance and resistance in the local government area, thus further confirming the difficulties still faced in polio eradication campaign in the region. This study also indicates higher performance of Interpersonal than Mass Media sources in influencing campaign acceptance and resistance in the local communities. Contact with friends and relations was rated the most influential interpersonal sources in the acceptance and resistance decision of individuals, while newspapers and magazines were rated most influential media sources that influenced campaign resistance in the local communities. The study concludes that a polio eradication campaign, backed with competent and sufficient communication expertise that utilizes knowledge-based indigenous interpersonal communication strategies will likely result in greater community acceptance in northern Nigeria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  3. Fulltext Conflicting perceptions on participation between citizens and members of local government
    Mohammadi SH, Norazizan S, Nikkhah HA
    Qual Quant, 2018;52(4):1761-1778.
    PMID: 29937584 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-017-0565-9
    There is a growing consensus among citizens and members of local government that citizen participation is desirable for local government. However in practice, there are differing perceptions between them regarding the level and extent of citizen participation. As citizen participation is a multi faceted concept, its meaning is construed differently by both the members of local government and the citizen groups. This paper attempts to describe the conflicts that arise from participation. The paper is based on the study of the process of citizen participation in local government carried out in Torbat-Heydarieh city, Iran. A qualitative research method is seen as the most suitable approach of collecting and analyzing the data. The method employed for data collection in this research is in-depth interviews. In-depth interviews were conducted to gauge the existence of conflicts regarding participation. The findings reveal four areas that give rise to conflicts. This study also attempts to highlight two different views regarding citizen participation; the people-centered view and authority-centered view.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  4. Fulltext Local Government Reference of Terms
    Suzei Mat Nurudin, Nor Suhaiza Md Khalid, Zarina Mohd Zain
    Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2020;4(1):79-97.
    MyJurnal
    The local government or also known as the local authority is the last tier and most important unit in the government’s administrative structure in Malaysia after the federal and state governments. Local government is fully responsible for the delivery of services as well as the provision of basic facilities to the local people within its administrative area that has been designated by the state government. The existence of local government acted as a facilitator to the federal government and the state government because the roles and responsibilities held by the local government are very large and essential to the nation’s development. This study discussed students’ understanding of local government where the average between people and students is particularly confused about the concepts that are often used in the local government as well as local government-related jurisdictions. With the creation of these Pocket Dictionary on local Government, Glossary of local government terms and QR Code Mode for Local Government Terms Word Index, it help students and the local people to better understand the local government in Malaysia by knowing the concepts related.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  5. Fulltext The role of by laws in shaping the community's personality
    Suzei Mat Nurudin, Nor Suhaiza Md Khalid, Zarina Mohd Zain
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):117-121.
    MyJurnal
    The local government is the closest government to the local community and identified as the third level
    of government after the state and federal governments. Each local government has their own power to
    enact by-laws under their respective administration. By-laws is a formulation of the law under the
    jurisdiction of local government in performing its duties and functions covering the administrative area
    that has been identified by the state government. Some of the by-laws play a part in shaping the
    personality of the community, especially in local government areas which are quite different approach
    such as Kota Bharu Municipal Council of Islamic Cities (MPKB-BRI). By-laws implemented by
    MPKB-BRI are very different compared to other states in Malaysia which is the provisions of the bylaws
    that suggests the aurat closure and appropriate clothing among traders, business premises owners
    and local communities. The purpose of this study is to review the extent of the by-laws implemented by
    MPKB-BRI to influence and shaping the personality of the local community in Kota Bharu district,
    Kelantan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  6. Fulltext Regional impact of aging population on carbon dioxide emissions in China: Evidence from panel threshold regression (PTR)
    Liang Y, Xinping H, Mazlan NS, Liang B, Ting L
    PLoS One, 2023;18(9):e0290582.
    PMID: 37708104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290582
    Carbon dioxide emission is a high-profile issue that can affect both the human economy and human existence, but few scholars have studied the relationship between these two. Therefore, this study constructs the panel threshold regression (PTR) based on the National Bureau of Statistics of China's panel data from 2002 to 2019 in 19 regions. One of the advantages of PTR is to leverage segmented functions, allowing for a more detailed analysis of the data. Besides, by introducing the idea of a threshold, PTR can effectively avoid structural changes in the data. The different between this study and other research is that this study divides 19 regions into two parts: Eastern China and Central China. Based on that, this study researches and compares the different influences of the aging population on carbon emissions in these two regions. The results show that although the Environment Kuznets Curve has been confirmed in both Eastern China and Central China, with the development of the economy, the carbon emissions will increase in Eastern China and decrease in Central China, respectively. In addition, the key factors affecting carbon emissions in Eastern China and Central China are trade dependence and urbanization rate separately. Hence, this study suggests that the regional governments in Eastern China may guide and encourage more international trading companies to move to Central China, and at the same time, the regional governments in Central China should issue more policies to attract these companies, such as: reducing land lease fees and building better transportation infrastructure. Apart from that, the governments in Central China should vigorously increase the rate of urbanization to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  7. Fulltext Local Government Competition, Environmental Regulation Intensity and Regional Innovation Performance: An Empirical Investigation of Chinese Provinces
    Deng J, Zhang N, Ahmad F, Draz MU
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 06 16;16(12).
    PMID: 31208141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122130
    ：The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of local government competition and environmental regulation intensity on regional innovation performance and its regional heterogeneity. Based on the theoretical mechanism of the aforementioned variables, this study uses the Chinese provincial panel data from 2001 to 2016. We use the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (SE-DEA) to evaluate regional innovation performance. To systematically examine the impact of local government competition and environmental regulation intensity on regional innovation performance, we build a panel date model using the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) method. The results indicate that: the regional innovation performance can be significantly improved through technological spillover; local governments compete for foreign direct investment (FDI) to participate in regional innovative production. Moreover, improvements in environmental regulation intensity enhance regional innovation performance through the innovation compensation effect. Our results show that the local governments tend to choose lower environmental regulation intensity to compete for more FDI, which has an inhibitory effect on regional innovation performance. Furthermore, due to regional differences in factor endowments, economic reforms and economic development levels in Chinese provinces, there exists a significant regional consistency in the impact of local government competition and environmental regulation intensity on regional innovation performance. Therefore, institutional arrangements and incentive constraints must be adopted to enhance regional innovation performance as well as to guide and foster the mechanism of green innovation competition among local governments. At the same time, considering the regional heterogeneity of local government competition and environmental regulation intensity affecting regional innovation performance, policy makers should avoid the "one-size-fits-all" strategy of institutional arrangements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government*
  8. Suburban sprawl in the developing world: duplicating past mistakes? The case of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Loh LC, Brieger WB
    Int Q Community Health Educ, 2013;34(2):199-211.
    PMID: 24928611 DOI: 10.2190/IQ.34.2.g
    Newly affluent developing world cities increasingly adopt the same unfortunate low-density suburban paradigm that shaped cities in the industrialized world. Identified by a World Bank report as a "mini-Los Angeles," Kuala Lumpur is a sentinel example of the results of unrestrained sprawl in the developing world. Factors driving sprawl included government policies favoring foreign investment, "mega-projects," and domestic automobile production; fragmented governance structures allowing federal and state government influence on local planning; increasing middle-class affluence; an oligopoly of local developers; and haphazard municipal zoning and transport planning. The city's present form contributes to Malaysia's dual burden of disease, with inner-city shantytown dwellers facing communicable disease and malnutrition while suburban citizens experience increasing chronic disease, injury, and mental health issues. Despite growing awareness in city plans targeted toward higher density development, Kuala Lumpur presents a warning to other emerging economies of the financial, societal, and population health costs imposed by quickly-built suburban sprawl.
    Publication year: 2013-2014
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  9. Fulltext An evaluation of treatment outcome in tuberculosis directly observed treatment short course facilities in Jigawa State, Nigeria (2010–2014)
    Faisal, M., Moniruddin, C., Alauddin, A.B.M.C.
    JUMMEC, 2017;20(2):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem worldwide. It is estimated that 2 billion people, a third of
    the world population, have TB infection, but are not down with the disease. Globally, incident cases of TB
    showed a rising trend, with a 6.6 million reported in 1990, 8.3 million in 2000, 9.24 million in 2004, and an
    estimated 9.27 million incident cases in 2007. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of
    TB patients in Nigeria in the state of Jigawa. A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the
    treatment outcome in directly observed treatment with a short course for tuberculosis (TB DOTS) in facilities
    in the state between the years 2010 to 2014. The study population were all the patients with TB, who had
    access to DOTS therapy. Data were collected from the various local governmental areas for tuberculosis control
    (LGA TB) register. The LGA TB control registers contained basic information of the patients, and a statistical
    software SPSS-V22.0 was used to analyse the data. A total of 963 TB patients were studied. More than half
    (57.4%) of the patients were male, and nearly three- fourths (71.2%) of the patients accessed care from urban
    local government areas in the state. The greater majority (96.3%) of the cases had pulmonary tuberculosis
    (PTB). Among the patients, more than two-fifths (45%) were cured, and a little over one-fifth (20.6%) of them
    were HIV positive. This study revealed that the treatment success rate (TSR) in the Jigawa State of Nigeria
    was higher than the overall TSR of Nigeria, and the defaulter rate in this state was lower than the Nigerian
    average. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of TB patients in Nigeria in the state
    of Jigawa. A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the treatment outcome in directly
    observed treatment with a short course for tuberculosis (TB DOTS) in facilities in the state between the years
    2010 to 2014. The study population were all the patients with TB, who had access to DOTS therapy. Data were
    collected from the various local governmental areas for tuberculosis control (LGA TB) register. The LGA TB
    control registers contained basic information of the patients, and a statistical software SPSS-V22.0 was used
    to analyse the data. A total of 963 TB patients were studied. More than half (57.4%) of the patients were
    male, and nearly three- fourths (71.2%) of the patients accessed care from urban local government areas in
    the state. The greater majority (96.3%) of the cases had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Among the patients,
    more than two-fifths (45%) were cured, and a little over one-fifth (20.6%) of them were HIV positive. This study
    revealed that the treatment success rate (TSR) in the Jigawa State of Nigeria was higher than the overall TSR
    of Nigeria, and the defaulter rate in this state was lower than the Nigerian average.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  10. Fulltext The Assessment, Evaluation, and Management of the Critically Ill Child When Resources are Limited-Southeast Asian Perspective
    Tang SF, Lum L
    J Pediatr Intensive Care, 2017 Mar;6(1):6-11.
    PMID: 31073420 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584672
    The Southeast Asia region comprises 10 independent countries with highly divergent health systems and health status. The heterogeneity in infant and child mortality rates suggests that there is still scope for improvement in the care of critically ill children. There is, however, a paucity of published data on outcomes and processes of care that could affect planning and implementation of intervention programs. Significant challenges in the delivery of care for the critically ill child remain, especially in pre-hospital and in-hospital triaging and emergency care and inpatient hospital care. Potential areas for continued improvement include strengthening of health systems through sustained commitment by local governments, capacity building, and sharing of research output. Simple, low cost, locally available, and effective solutions should be sought. The introduction of standards and auditing tools can assist in determining effectiveness and outcomes of intervention packages that are adapted to local settings. Recognition and acknowledgment of shortfalls between expectations and outcomes is a first step to overcoming some of these obstacles necessary to achieve a seamless interface among pre-hospital, emergency, inpatient, and critical care delivery processes that would improve survival of critically ill children in this region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  11. Fulltext Prevalence and risk estimates of Cryptosporidium oocysts infection associated with consumption of raw-eaten vegetables in Maiduguri metropolis LGAs, Northeast Nigeria
    Saidu AS, Mohammed S, Adamu SG, Sadiq MA, Tijjani AO, Musa HI, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2023 Dec 27;13(1):23079.
    PMID: 38155194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49451-0
    Cryptosporidium is one of the most important protozoan parasitic pathogens, and it is a common cause of diarrhoea in humans, domestic animals, and wild vertebrates and has serious public health threats. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in raw-eaten vegetables in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council (MMC) and Jere Local Government Areas (LGAs). A total of 400 samples were collected from four (4) different locations, namely Tashan Bama, Gomboru, and Monday Markets (n = 100), while fifty (n = 50) each from 202-Vegetable-Vendors and Unimaid Commercials. A total of 16 visits were conducted in all the sampling areas (twenty-five samples per visit). The Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected using the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Technique. The locations, sources, and types of raw-eaten vegetables were also assessed. The oocysts were confirmed (100×) as bright pink spherules. Data generated were analyzed using IBM-SPSS V23.0, and p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Out of the total samples (n = 400) analyzed, cabbage appeared to have the highest number of 10 (12.5%) of Cryptosporidium oocysts detected, while Tomato and garden egg had 9 (11.3%) and 1 (1.2%), respectively. There was a statistically significant association (χ2 = 12.5, P = 0.014) between the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in raw-eaten vegetables and vegetable types. Among the sources of the vegetables sampled, Alau had the highest number of Cryptosporidium oocysts, 15 (12.5%), followed by Kilari-Abdullahi and Zabarmari sources with 4 (10.0%) and 4 (5.0%), respectively. However, Jetete appeared to have the least number 2 (2.5%) of oocysts, and there was a statistically significant association (χ2= 10.4, P = 0.034) between the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and the sources of vegetables and fruits. The study concludes that the raw-eaten vegetables sampled from Maiduguri Metropolis were contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocysts. The study recommends that all raw-eaten vegetables should be from cleaned sources and washed before consumption. Consumers should be enlightened on the hygienic measures in the food chain in line with the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  12. Fulltext Association Between Farming Activities and Plasmodium falciparum Transmission in Rural Communities in Nigeria
    Babamale OA, Opeyemi OA, Bukky AA, Musleem AI, Kelani EO, Okhian BJ, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2020 May;27(3):105-116.
    PMID: 32684811 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.3.11
    Background: The connection between malaria-associated morbidities and farming activities has not been succinctly reported. This study aimed to address the connectivity between farming activities and malaria transmission.

    Methods: The study took place in the agricultural setting of Nigeria Edu local government (9° N, 4.9° E) between March 2016 and December 2018. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to obtain information on their occupation and malaria infection. Infection status was confirmed with blood film and microscopic diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum was based on the presence of ring form or any other blood stages. Individuals who are either critically ill or lived in the community less than 3 months were excluded from the study.

    Results: Of the 341 volunteers, 58.1% (52.9% in Shigo and 61.4% in Sista) were infected (parasitaemia density of 1243.7 parasites/μL blood). The prevalence and intensity of infection were higher among farmers (71.3%, 1922.9 parasites/μL blood, P = 0.005), particularly among rice farmers (2991.6 parasites/μL blood) compared to non-farmer participants. The occurrence and parasite density follow the same pattern for sex and age (P < 0.05). Children in the age of 6 to 10 years (AOR: 2.168, CI: 1.63-2.19) and ≥ 11 years (AOR: 3.750, CI: 2.85-3.80) groups were two-and four-fold more likely to be infected with malaria. The analysis revealed that the proximity of bush and stagnant water to the farmer (73.9%, AOR: 3.242, CI: 2.57-3.61) and non-farmer (38.1%, AOR: 1.362, CI: 1.25-1.41) habitations influence malaria transmission.

    Conclusion: This study highlights farming activities as a risk factor for malaria infection in agro-communities. Integrated malaria control measures in agricultural communities should therefore include water and environmental management practices.

    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  13. The role of institutional trust in preventive practices and treatment-seeking intention during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak among residents in Hubei, China
    Wong LP, Wu Q, Hao Y, Chen X, Chen Z, Alias H, et al.
    Int Health, 2021 May 04.
    PMID: 33945613 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihab023
    BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the association between institution trust and public responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.

    METHODS: An Internet-based, cross-sectional survey was administered on 29 January 2020. A total of 4393 adults ≥18 y of age and residing or working in the province of Hubei, central China were included in the study.

    RESULTS: The majority of the participants expressed a great degree of trust in the information and preventive instructions provided by the central government compared with the local government. Being under quarantine (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.35 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.80 to 3.08]) and having a high institutional trust score (OR 2.23 [95% CI 1.96 to 2.53]) were both strong and significant determinants of higher preventive practices scores. The majority of study participants (n=3640 [85.7%]) reported that they would seek hospital treatment if they suspected themselves to have been infected with COVID-19. Few of the participants from Wuhan (n=475 [16.6%]) and those participants who were under quarantine (n=550 [13.8%]) expressed an unwillingness to seek hospital treatment.

    CONCLUSIONS: Institutional trust is an important factor influencing adequate preventive behaviour and seeking formal medical care during an outbreak.

    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  14. Fulltext Infant feeding concerns in times of natural disaster: lessons learned from the 2014 flood in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Sulaiman Z, Mohamad N, Ismail TA, Johari N, Hussain NH
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2016;25(3):625-30.
    PMID: 27440698 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.092015.08
    The flood that hit Kelantan in December 2014 was the worst in Malaysian history. Women and their infants accounted for a large proportion of the people at risk who were badly affected, as almost half of the population in Kelantan was in the reproductive age group. This report serves to raise awareness that breastfeeding mothers and infants are a special population with unique needs during a disaster. Four of their concerns were identified during this massive flood: first, the negative impact of flood on infant nutritional status and their health; second, open space and lack of privacy for the mothers to breastfeed their babies comfortably at temporary shelters for flood victims; third, uncontrolled donations of infant formula, teats, and feeding bottles that are often received from many sources to promote formula feeding; and lastly, misconceptions related to breastfeeding production and quality that may be affected by the disaster. The susceptibility of women and their infant in a natural disaster enhances the benefits of promoting the breastfeeding rights of women. Women have the right to be supported which enables them to breastfeed. These can be achieved through monitoring the distribution of formula feeding, providing water, electricity and medical care for breastfeeding mothers and their infants. A multifaceted rescue mission team involving various agencies comprising of local government, including the health and nutrition departments, private or non-governmental organizations and individual volunteers have the potential to improve a satisfactory condition of women and infants affected by floods and other potential natural disasters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  15. Fulltext Islamic perspectives of reproductive and maternal health: what role can nigerian muslim religious leaders play in the prevention of maternal mortality? –with particular reference to Zamfara State Northwest Nigeria
    Maiwada, Abdullahi Mohammed, Nik Mazlan Mamat, Nor Azlina A. Rahman, Suzanah Abdul Rahman, Baba, Tukur Mohammed
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(101):7-14.
    MyJurnal
    Reproductive and Maternal health are an important components of public health and medicine which are concerned with the complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing in all matters regarding reproductive system and health of mother especially during pregnancy.It implies ensuring that all women receive the care they need to be safe and healthy throughout pregnancy, childbirth and beyond. However, according to World Health Organization, millions of women all over the world do not have access to good quality health services during pregnancy and childbirth resulting in mortalities. Islam is a complete way of life. The Qur’an and Hadith consider pregnancy and child bearing as signs among other signs of the divine existence of Allah.The importance of maternal and reproductive is thus not unexplained in the Islamic perspectives. The study look at what role Muslim religious leaders can play in the prevention of maternal deaths and morbidities in developing countries. A qualitative study was conducted through in-depth interviews and focus groups discussion with a purposive sample of some Muslim religious leaders from Gusau local government area of Zamfara state northwest Nigeria in order to elicit information about the Islamic perspectives of reproductive and maternal health and the roles they can play in the prevention of maternal deaths among the Muslim communities. Muslim Religious leaders have a crucial role and contribution for the attainment and maintenance of good heath of women and children among Muslim communities through public enlightenment in the context of ‘ilm’, providing guidance through ‘Fatwah’ and community mobilization in the spirit brotherhood ‘ukhuwah’.Islam does not accept the “preventable death of a woman” due to childbirth or pregnancy. Thus, Islam encourages attendance of antenatal care visits and health care seeking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  16. Governing agricultural progress: a genealogy of the politics of pest control in Malaysia
    Triantafillou P
    Comp Stud Soc Hist, 2001;43(1):193-221.
    PMID: 17941160
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  17. Effects of hydration practices on the severity of heat-related illness among municipal workers during a heat wave phenomenon
    Mansor Z, Rosnah I, Ismail NH, Hashim JH
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 08;74(4):275-280.
    PMID: 31424033
    INTRODUCTION: The continue rise in temperatures due to climate change increases the risk of heat-related illness (HRI) among outdoor workers. This study aims to evaluate the effects of hydration practices on the severity of HRI during a heat wave episode among municipal workers in Negeri Sembilan.

    METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed in March and April 2016. The outdoor temperatures were measured using the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) tool. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire containing sociodemographic factors prior to work shift; while working profile, hydration practices, and HRI symptoms at the end of work shift. The hydration status of the respondents was assessed by direct observation of their urine colour. Multiple logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of age, working profile, hydration practice, history of previous HRI, and hydration status on the likelihood that outdoor workers having moderate to severe HRI.

    RESULTS: A total of 320 respondents completed the questionnaire. The mean (standard deviation) outdoor workplace temperature was 30.5°C (SD 0.53°C). The percentage of respondents who experienced moderate to severe HRI was 44.1%. The likelihood that outdoor workers experienced moderate to severe HRI symptoms was associated with irregular fluid intake [odds ratio (OR): 16.11, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 4.11; 63.20]; consumption of non-plain water (OR: 5.92, 95%CI: 2.79; 12.56); dehydration (OR: 3.32, 95%CI: 1.92; 5.74); and increasing outdoor workplace temperature (OR: 1.85, 95%CI: 1.09; 3.11).

    CONCLUSION: Irregular drinking pattern and non-plain fluid intake was found to have a large effect on HRI severity among outdoor workers exposed high temperatures during a heat wave phenomenon.

    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
  18. Opium and empire: some evidence from colonial-era Asian stock and commodity markets
    Bailey W, Truong L
    J Southeast Asian Stud, 2001;32(2):173-93.
    PMID: 19192502
    Matched MeSH terms: Local Government
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