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Fulltext Seasonal benthic species composition linked to coastal defense structures (CDS) in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

Ibrahim NF, Abd Hamid M, Mohd Akhir MF, Chuan Ong M, Wan Talaat WIA, Idris I

PeerJ, 2023;11:e16203.
PMID: 38025728 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16203

BACKGROUND: The natural hydrodynamic process of Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, has changed since the extension of Sultan Mahmud Airport runway in 2008. Consequently, severe coastal erosion has occurred in the area, particularly during the northeast monsoon season (NEM). Numerous types of coastal defense structures (CDS) have been constructed to protect the coastline. Despite the loss of esthetic values, the effect of CDS construction on marine organisms in the area remains unknown. Hence, this study aims to assess the ecological aspects of macrobenthic compositions at the CDS area of Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, based on the differences between the southwest (SWM) and northeast (NEM) monsoon seasons.
METHODS: Macrobenthos were collected from the sediment in July (SWM) and December 2021 (NEM) using the Ponar grab at 12 substations from five sampling stations.
RESULTS: The density of macrobenthos was higher in SWM (48,190.82 ind./m2) than in NEM (24,504.83 ind./m2), with phylum Mollusca recording the highest species composition (60-99.3%). The macrobenthos species had a low to moderate level of diversity (H' = 1.4-3.1) with the species were almost evenly distributed (J' = 0.2-0.8). Windward substations exhibited coarser grain sizes (38.56%-86.84%), whereas landward substations exhibited very fine grain sizes (44.26%-86.70%). The SWM season recorded a higher organic matter content (1.6%-6.33%) than the NEM season (0.4%-3.1%). However, metal concentrations in the surface sediment were within the safe range and permissible limits for both seasons, inferring that the macrobenthos composition was unaffected.
DISCUSSION: This study demonstrated that the CDS associated with the monsoon system has controlled the hydrodynamics and nearshore sedimentary processes in the Kuala Nerus coastal zone, thereby affecting the macrobenthos population, in terms of richness and density. The ecological and energetic effects of the coastal structures in different seasons have resulted in a more significant result, with the SWM exhibiting a higher macrobenthos composition than the NEM.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca*
Seasonal variation in growth and survival of Strombus canarium (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae

Cob ZC, Arshad A, Bujang JS, Ghaffar MA

Pak J Biol Sci, 2009 May 01;12(9):676-82.
PMID: 19634470

This study was conducted to analyze variation in Strombus canarium larvae development, growth and survivals when cultured during wet (main reproductive period) and dry seasons. Larvae were reared at 200 larvae L(-1) in filtered seawater (0.22 microm) and fed with Isochrysis galbana at 1000 cells mL(-1) ad libitum. The culture environment was maintained at 29 +/- 1 degrees C, salinity of 30 +/- 1 PSU and photoperiod of 12:12 light dark cycle. Growth of the larvae was described on a length-at-age basis using the modified Gompertz regression. There was high correlation in shell length-at-age relationship for both wet season (R2 = 0.99) and dry season (R2 = 0.98) culture experiments. The maximal growth rate (M) and survival rate (S) were higher for larvae cultured during wet season (M = 62.44 microm day(-1), S = 14.36-2.31%), compared with dry season (M = 43.05 microm day(-1), S = 5 +/- 1.15%). The maximal attainable larval size (a) was however lower during wet season (950.19 +/- 66.93 microm shell length) compared with dry season (1343.05 +/- 586.51 microm shell length), which might be due to significantly low larvae density in the latter. Further studies are needed to investigate variation in bio-chemical composition of the egg mass, which was suggested as the main reason for the differences.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/anatomy & histology; Mollusca/growth & development*
Fulltext Distribution of Angiostrongylus vasorum and its gastropod intermediate hosts along the rural-urban gradient in two cities in the United Kingdom, using real time PCR

Aziz NA, Daly E, Allen S, Rowson B, Greig C, Forman D, et al.

Parasit Vectors, 2016;9:56.
PMID: 26830203 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1338-3

Angiostrongylus vasorum is a highly pathogenic metastrongylid nematode affecting dogs, which uses gastropod molluscs as intermediate hosts. The geographical distribution of the parasite appears to be heterogeneous or patchy and understanding of the factors underlying this heterogeneity is limited. In this study, we compared the species of gastropod present and the prevalence of A. vasorum along a rural-urban gradient in two cities in the south-west United Kingdom.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca
Arsenic and trace metals in commercially important bivalves, Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata

Mat I

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1994 Jun;52(6):833-9.
PMID: 8019077
Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/chemistry*
Oliva vidua fulminans, a marine mollusc, responsible for five fatal cases of neurotoxic food poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia

Kan SK, Singh N, Chan MK

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1986;80(1):64-5.
PMID: 3727000

This is the first report in which a marine mollusc, Oliva vidua fulminans (olives), generally not known to be poisonous, was responsible for death in five children after consuming boiled olives with tamarind. The onset of symptoms was rapid 10 to 20 min after consumption of the olives. Signs and symptoms included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tingling sensation around the lips, numbness around the mouth, drowsiness, lethargy and generalized weakness with paraesthesia in the limbs. The five deaths occurred within 3 to 4 hours after eating the poisoned olives and resulted from respiratory failure. Left-over olives from the affected household and freshly collected live olives had a toxicity of 14,200 mouse units (M.U.) and 15,000 M.U. per 100 g meat respectively. No other common chemical poison and organophosphorus insecticides were detected. The neurotoxic agent was acid and heat stable and was toxic at pH less than 4. Its action was similar to that of paralytic shellfish poisoning which was caused by toxins from certain dinoflagellates.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca*
Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by the rat lung worm, angiostrongylus cantonensis with special reference to A. malaysiensis in Malaysia

Lait LB

Med J Malaysia, 1976 Mar;30(3):207-11.
PMID: 822262
Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/parasitology
Studies of Angiostrongylus malaysiensis (Nematoda, Metastrongylidae) in peninsular Malaysia: natural infection in freshwater snails and rodents in ricefields and infectivity experiments

Liat LB, Fong YL, Krishnansamy M

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1977 Mar;8(1):27-35.
PMID: 887993
Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/parasitology
DNA barcoding reveals neritid diversity (Mollusca: Gastropoda) diversity in Malaysian waters

Chee SY, Mohd Nor SA

Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal, 2016 05;27(3):2282-4.
PMID: 25471442 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.987237

This is the first study to identify and determine the phylogenetics of neritids found in Malaysia. In total, twelve species from the family Neritidae were recorded. Ten species were from the genus Nerita and two species were from the genus Neritina. DNA barcodes were successfully assigned to each species. Although some of these species were previously reported in the region, three are only presently reported in this study. The dendrogram showed Nerita and Neritina strongly supported in their respective monophyletic clades. Phylogenetic positions of some species appeared unstable in the trees. This could be due to the differences in a small number of nucleotides, thus minimizing genetic variation between each specimen and species.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/classification; Mollusca/genetics*
Cadmium, copper, and zinc toxicity to the clam, Donax faba C., and the blood cockle, Anadara granosa L

Ong ES, Din ZB

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2001 Jan;66(1):86-93.
PMID: 11080341
Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/drug effects; Mollusca/physiology*
Fulltext The Potential of Insects as Alternative Sources of Chitin: An Overview on the Chemical Method of Extraction from Various Sources

Zainol Abidin NA, Kormin F, Zainol Abidin NA, Mohamed Anuar NAF, Abu Bakar MF

Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Jul 15;21(14).
PMID: 32679639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144978

Chitin, being the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, has been gaining popularity since its initial discovery by Braconot in 1811. However, fundamental knowledge and literature on chitin and its derivatives from insects are difficult to obtain. The most common and sought-after sources of chitin are shellfish (especially crustaceans) and other aquatic invertebrates. The amount of shellfish available is obviously restricted by the amount of food waste that is allowed; hence, it is a limited resource. Therefore, insects are the best choices since, out of 1.3 million species in the world, 900,000 are insects, making them the most abundant species in the world. In this review, a total of 82 samples from shellfish-crustaceans and mollusks (n = 46), insects (n = 23), and others (n = 13)-have been collected and studied for their chemical extraction of chitin and its derivatives. The aim of this paper is to review the extraction method of chitin and chitosan for a comparison of the optimal demineralization and deproteinization processes, with a consideration of insects as alternative sources of chitin. The methods employed in this review are based on comprehensive bibliographic research. Based on previous data, the chitin and chitosan contents of insects in past studies favorably compare and compete with those of commercial chitin and chitosan-for example, 45% in Bombyx eri, 36.6% in Periostracum cicadae (cicada sloughs), and 26.2% in Chyrysomya megacephala. Therefore, according to the data reported by previous researchers, demonstrating comparable yield values to those of crustacean chitin and the great interest in insects as alternative sources, efforts towards comprehensive knowledge in this field are relevant.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca
The Feeding Ecology of the Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758), at Kung Krabaen Bay, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand

Kunsook C, Gajaseni N, Paphavasit N

Trop Life Sci Res, 2014 Aug;25(1):13-27.
PMID: 25210585

The natural diet of blue swimming crabs, Portunus pelagicus, was investigated from October 2008 to October 2009 using hand sampling and a crab gill net. The results showed that the major prey items in the stomach contents of P. pelagicus were teleost fish (29.61%), organic matter (20.69%), crustaceans (18.3%) and shelled molluscs (11.46%). Significant differences were found in diet composition between juvenile and mature crabs, between crabs inside and outside the bay and among seasons. In contrast, significant differences were not found between male and female crabs.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca
Host-parasite studies of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda, Metastrongylidae) in Malaysian rodents: natural infection of rodents and molluscs in urban and rural areas of central Malaya

Lim BL, Heyneman D

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1965 Dec;59(4):425-33.
PMID: 5862610
Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca
Some Studies into the Effects of Metaldehyde on Cultured Cells

Salmijah S., Anita Mohd. Zubir, Maimon A.

Sains Malaysiana, 1997;26.

Metaldehyde is used widely in Malaysia for the control of molluscs. This communication reports the cytotoxic effects of this chemical on cultured cells as assessed by cell morphology and the DNA synthesising capability as well as its transport into cells. After 15 days of exposure with 20.0 ppm of the compound, the DNA synthesising capability was shown to be unaffected. The IC50 for Vero cells was 276.0 ppm. Transport of thymidine across cells was found to be not significantly affected even at high metaldehyde concentrations (up to 320.0 ppm) suggesting integrity of cells were not significantly affected. The present cellular studies have therefore shown that the cytotoxic effects of this chemical is rather low.
Metaldehida digunakan dengan meluas di Malaysia untuk mengawal perosak moluska. Kesan sitotoksik bahan kimia ini di peringkat sel dari segi ciri-ciri perubahan moifologi dan keupayaan mensintesis DNA serta kajian awal kesannya terhadap proses kemasukan ke dalam sel dilaporkan di sini. Keupayaan mensintesis DNA didapati tidak terjejas secara signifikan selepas diberikan 20.0 ppm metaldehida secara berterusan selama 15 hari. Nilai IC50 bagi sel Vero adalah 276.0 ppm. Kemasukan timidina ke dalam sel tidak terjejas secara signifikan apabila sel diperlakukan dengan metaldehida, walaupun pada kepekatan yang agak tinggi iaitu sehingga 320.0 ppm. Kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa kesan sitotoksik oleh metaldehida adalah rendah.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca
A contemporary review of seafood allergy

Hajeb P, Selamat J

Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 2012 Jun;42(3):365-85.
PMID: 22045217 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-011-8284-9

Seafood is common item in the world diet; Asian countries have the highest rates of fish consumption in the world, which is higher than world average. Several studies have been conducted on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of seafood allergy in different countries, and some of the fish and seafood allergens unique to those regions have been characterized. Review on published data showed that seafood allergy is very ubiquitous in some regions of the world. Fish and shellfish are the most common seafood that cause adverse allergic reactions among nations; the symptoms ranged from oral allergy syndromes to urticaria and anaphylaxis. The major identified allergens are parvalbumin in fish and tropomyosin in shellfish. Nevertheless, such studies are lacking from some regions with high fish and seafood consumption. Furthermore, the published data are mostly from small groups of populations, which large-scale epidemiological studies need to be performed.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/immunology
Similarities and differences of metal distributions in the tissues of molluscs by using multivariate analyses

Yap CK, Edward FB, Tan SG

Environ Monit Assess, 2010 Jun;165(1-4):39-53.
PMID: 19452255 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0925-6

Multivariate analysis including correlation, multiple stepwise linear regression, and cluster analyses were applied to investigate the heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the different parts of bivalves and gastropods. It was also aimed to distinguish statistically the differences between the marine bivalves and the gastropods with regards to the accumulation of heavy metals in the different tissues. The different parts of four species of bivalves and four species of gastropods were obtained and analyzed for heavy metals. The multivariate analyses were then applied on the data. From the multivariate analyses conducted, there were correlations found between the soft tissues of bivalves and gastropods, but none was found between the shells and the soft tissues of most of the molluscs (except for Cerithidea obtusa and Puglina cochlidium). The significant correlations (P < 0.05) found between the soft tissues were further complemented by the multiple stepwise linear regressions where heavy metals in the total soft tissues were influenced by the accumulation in the different types of soft tissues. The present study found that the distributions of heavy metals in the different parts of molluscs were related to their feeding habits and living habitats. The statistical approaches proposed in this study are recommended for use in biomonitoring studies, since multivariate analyses can reduce the cost and time involved in identifying an effective tissue to monitor the heavy metal(s) bioavailability and contamination in tropical coastal waters.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/chemistry*
Determination of trace elements in cockle Anadara Granosa L. Using INAA

Ibrahim N

Appl Radiat Isot, 1994 Aug;45(8):897-8.
PMID: 8081326

This study determines the trace metal content in Anadara Granosa L., a popular seafood amongst South-East-Asians. Using the technique of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) identification has been made of the presence of 17 trace metals including elements which are classified as toxic (As, Br, Cs) and those which are rare-earths (Eu, Ce, Lu, Tb, Yb).

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/chemistry*
The accumulation and distribution of trace metals in some localized marine species

Yusof AM, Rahman NA, Wood AK

Biol Trace Elem Res, 1994;43-45:239-49.
PMID: 7710833

Trace elements, such as As, Co, Cr, Hg, Sb, and Zn, were determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA), whereas Cd, Cu, and Pb were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) in clam, crab, prawn, swamp cerith, and mussel samples after digestion by microwave heating under controlled conditions before eluting the solutions through a column of a chelating resin, Chelex-100. The standard used in the determination of percentage volatile elements retained by microwave digestion and also in the activation process was Lobster Hepatopancreas TORT-1, whereas known mixed standards were prepared from nitrate salts to determine the efficiency of the separation procedure at a controlled pH. Mercury and lead detected in crabs exceeded the maximum permissible level. Some species also showed a high affinity toward certain elements, and their levels of accumulation in the tissues of these species corresponded with the concentration of these elements in sediments, especially at sites in the vicinity of an industrial zone.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/chemistry*
Accumulation of heavy metals in freshwater molluscs

Lau S, Mohamed M, Yen AT, Su'ut S

Sci Total Environ, 1998 Jun 18;214:113-21.
PMID: 9646520

Heavy metals in the aquatic environment have to date come mainly from naturally occurring geochemical materials. However, this has been enhanced by human activity such as gold mining in the case of heavy metal pollution in Sg Sarawak Kanan. The high suspended solid loads in the river have quite efficiently removed most soluble metals from the water and trapped them in the bottom sediment. Three freshwater mollusc species were collected at the point source of the heavy metal pollutants and analysed for the heavy metal contents in their tissues and shells. Two of the mollusc species (Brotia costula and Melanoides tuberculata) are purely freshwater species while the Clithon sp. nr retropictus is able to survive in fresh and brackish water environments. The Brotia costula and the Clithon sp. are the edible species which are sold in the market. Accumulation of As, Cu, Fe, Se and Zn in all the three mollusc species were determined and the level of As in the tissues of Brotia costula and the Clithon sp. was much higher than the permissible level for human consumption. The mollusc species also demonstrated different preferences for the uptake of different metals. Variations in the heavy metal contents in the shell and tissues of the same species were also observed.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/metabolism*
Survival of Vibrio spp. including inoculated V. cholerae 0139 during heat-treatment of cockles (Anadara granosa)

Liew WS, Leisner JJ, Rusul G, Radu S, Rassip A

Int J Food Microbiol, 1998 Jul 21;42(3):167-73.
PMID: 9728687

The effect of heat-treatment on the internal temperature of raw cockles (Anadara granosa) and survival of their intrinsic flora of Vibrio spp. as well as of inoculated V. cholerae 0139 was examined. The cockles were purchased from markets in Malaysia and had an average weight including shells of 8.90+/-2.45 g. In one experiment heatpenetration of individual cockles was examined. Cockles weighing < 8 g (including shell) exhibited maximum internal temperatures of between 50 and 75 degrees C when heated in water at 99 degrees C for 10 s and 71-93 degrees C when heated for 30 s. Cockles weighing > 12 g exhibited maximum internal temperatures between 42 and 58 degrees C when heated in water at 99 degrees C for 10 s and 56-69 degrees C when heated for 30 s. In another experiment, heat-treatment of 10 cockles treated as a group at 99 degrees C for 10 or 30 s resulted in reduction of levels of intrinsic Vibrio spp. (enumerated directly on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salt sucrose agar; TCBS) from 5.73 to 3.15 log cfu g(-1) or below 1 log cfu g(-1), respectively. The levels of Vibrio spp. after heat-treatment decreased with an increase in numbers of cockles grouped together during treatment. In a third experiment V. cholerae 0139 was inoculated into cockles and subjected to heat-treatment at 99 degrees C for 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 s. The levels of Vibrio spp. in uninoculated, non-heat-treated cockles was 4.89 log cfu g(-1) on TCBS, and the predominant species were V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. V. cholerae 0139 inoculated into cockles with an average weight of 13.5+/-1.90 g (including shell) decreased for samples examined immediately after heat-treatment from 6 log cfu g(-1) initially to 3.5 log cfu g(-1) after 25 s and < 1 log cfu g(-1) (TCBS) after 30 s of heat-treatment. The most probable number method by enrichment in alkaline peptone water gave in general within 1 log unit higher counts than TCBS direct enumeration. TCBS direct enumeration and MPN counts were up to 2.38 or 1.30 log units higher, respectively, for samples heat-treated for 20 s or longer and stored for 6 h at 30 degrees C before examination, than for samples heat-treated for same periods of time and examined immediately. This study shows that a mild heat-treatment of cockles for up to 25 s is inadequate to ensure a large reduction in numbers of Vibrio spp., including V. cholerae 0139.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/microbiology*
Bacterial enteropathogens in Malaysian shellfish

Jegathesan M, Wah LT, Soon LE, Su Har D, Boo Liat L

Trop Geogr Med, 1976 Jun;28(2):91-5.
PMID: 788266

Three species of commonly eaten shellfish found in Malaysian coastal waters were examined for the presence of common bacterial enteropathogens. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, non-agglutinating vibrios, and various serotypes of enteropathogenic E. coli were isolated from a large proportion of them. Salmonella were isolated in two instances. High colony counts with evidence of faecal contamination indicated the strong possibility of pulltion being the cause for the presence of these enteropathogens. Methods of cooking and eating these shellfish enhance their likelihood of acting as vehicles of diarrhoeal disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Mollusca/microbiology*

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