MyMedR

Fulltext Toxicovigilance--the need for concern

Chandrasekharan N

Med J Malaysia, 1989 Dec;44(4):273-4.

PMID: 2520034

Matched MeSH terms: Poisoning/therapy

Availability of decontamination, elimination enhancement, and stabilization resources for the management of acute toxic exposures and poisonings in emergency departments in Malaysia

Awang R, Al-Sohaim SI, Zyoud SH, Khan HR, Hashim S

Intern Emerg Med, 2011 Oct;6(5):441-8.

PMID: 21750875 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-011-0662-z

Acute poisoning is a common medical emergency in Malaysia. Life can be saved if the patient is diagnosed properly and receives the appropriate treatment such as gastrointestinal decontamination techniques and resources to increase poison elimination according to clinical guidelines at a reasonable time. The aims of this study were to determine the availability of decontamination, elimination enhancement, and stabilization resources for the management of acute toxic exposures and poisonings in accident and emergency departments in Malaysia, and to compare the availability of such facilities among various types of hospitals. A comparative, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Seventy-four (58.3%) out of the targeted 127 hospitals replied and completed the questionnaire. The availabilities of most items related to stabilization resources were far better in general hospitals compared to district hospitals with specialists and district hospitals without specialists. These items were mechanical ventilators (p = 0.011), non-invasive positive pressure ventilators (0.024), pacemakers (p = 0.019), and transcutaneous cardiac pacing (p < 0.001). The availability of decontamination resources varied substantially with hospital type. Nevertheless, these differences did not reach statistical significance in any of the cases, whereas sodium sulphate, sorbitol, and polyethylene glycol were almost never available. The availabilities of most items related to elimination enhancement resources were far better in general hospitals and district hospitals with specialists compared to district hospitals without specialists. These items were haemodialysis (p = 0.046), haemoperfusion (p = 0.002), haemofiltration (p = 0.002), acid diuresis (p = 0.04), peritoneal dialysis (p < 0.001), and exchange transfusion (p < 0.001). Most Malaysian hospitals have certain important immediate interventions such as gastrointestinal decontamination techniques and resources to increase poison elimination. The availabilities of most facilities were far better in the general hospitals. Coordination between the National Poison Centre in Malaysia and hospitals should be established regarding the emergency facilities for effective management of poisoning cases in each hospital in order to direct the poisoned patients to the hospital where the appropriate management resources is available.

Matched MeSH terms: Poisoning/therapy*

Dilemma in the management of methanol poisoning at a district hospital in Malaysia

Low QJ, Lee KT, Lim TH, Siaw C, Cheo SW, Tan NE, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2020 07;75(4):442-444.

PMID: 32724013

There are increasing reports of methanol poisoning (MP) incidence worldwide. In Malaysia, the largest first methanol poisoning was reported in Selangor in 2013 with a total of 41 patients and cluster of cases been reported from the country since then. Often MP involved adulterated alcohol containing more than the legal permissible concentration of methanol. Methanol is rapidly absorbed and metabolised into formic acid which causes variable symptoms of the central nervous system such as blindness, seizure, coma and gastrointestinal disturbances. Mortality could reach up to 83% as reported using the coma state, pH and pCO2 level in the worst-case scenario.

Matched MeSH terms: Poisoning/therapy*

Evaluate the impact of hospital types on the availability of antidotes for the management of acute toxic exposures and poisonings in Malaysia

Al-Sohaim SI, Awang R, Zyoud SH, Rashid SM, Hashim S

Hum Exp Toxicol, 2012 Mar;31(3):274-81.

PMID: 21478291 DOI: 10.1177/0960327111405861

The availability of antidotes may be considered essential and lifesaving in the management of certain poisonings. Surveys carried out in a number of countries have demonstrated inadequate availability of a variety of poisoning antidotes.

Matched MeSH terms: Poisoning/therapy*

Fulltext Circumstances surrounding accidental poisoning in children

Azizi BH, Zulkifli HI, Kassim MS

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Jun;49(2):132-7.

PMID: 8090091

Circumstances surrounding accidental ingestion of poisons were investigated in families of 70 hospitalised children. Indian children were more likely to be hospitalised for poisoning. Poor safety measures directly contributed to poisoning incidents. Poisons had not been stored safely and only in 12.9 per cent of families were the poisons allegedly kept in cupboards. Kerosene had been ingested from soft drink containers in 70 per cent of instances. Medications had been taken mainly from plastic envelopes (57.9%) or bottles (31.6%). Safety practices in the homes of cases and 140 controls were compared. As a whole parents of victims had poor safety practices when compared with parents of controls. Poisoning incidents were discovered by mothers in 75.0 per cent of the cases. Vomiting was induced by parents in 32.3 per cent of cases involving medications and non-volatile items, and in 41.6 per cent of kerosene ingestions. Before hospitalisation 59.4 per cent were brought to general practitioners and 22.7 per cent to government clinics. Mothers were the main attendants when children were brought for medical care. This study highlights the need for measures to prevent childhood poisoning and reduce its morbidity. Household products and medications should be made safer to children through improved packaging, prescribing instructions and education. Safety and first aid education may be directed towards parents, particularly mothers, through the media and health facilities.

Matched MeSH terms: Poisoning/therapy

Fulltext Cassava (ubi kayu) poisoning in children

Ariffin WA, Choo KE, Karnaneedi S

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Sep;47(3):231-4.

PMID: 1491651

Three sisters with cassava poisoning are described. A review of the toxic properties of cassava is presented together with discussion on the methods of its preparation, its adverse effects on man, its detoxification in the body, and the treatment of its poisoning.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Poisoning/therapy

Treatment of malathion poisoning. Experience of two cases in Sarawak

Mathewson I, Hardy EA

Anaesthesia, 1970 Apr;25(2):265-71.

PMID: 4909432

Matched MeSH terms: Poisoning/therapy

Fulltext The need for drug and poison information--the Singapore physicians' perspective

Ponampalam R, Anantharaman V

Singapore Med J, 2003 May;44(5):231-42.

PMID: 13677359

There appears to be a significant prevalence of poisoning and adverse drug reactions in Singapore. However, the resources needed by physicians to assist them in the management of such cases are limited. This study examines the information resources currently utilised by medical professionals in assisting them in the management of poisonings and adverse drug reactions. The preferred features of an ideal Drug and Poison Information Centre in the local setting were also explored.

Matched MeSH terms: Poisoning/therapy*

Fulltext Margosa oil poisoning as a cause of toxic encephalopathy

Lai SM, Lim KW, Cheng HK

Singapore Med J, 1990 Oct;31(5):463-5.

PMID: 2259944

Margosa Oil is an extract of the seed of the Neem tree and is widely used as a traditional medicine by Indians in India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Used mainly for external applications, it is often administered orally to neonates and infants regularly in small amounts. Margosa Oil causes toxic encephalopathy particularly in infants and young children. The usual features are vomiting, drowsiness, tachypnea and recurrent generalised seizures. Leucocytosis and metabolic acidosis are significant laboratory findings. Management is aimed primarily towards the control of convulsions although supportive management is equally important. Prognosis is usually good but fatalities and neurological deficits have been reported. We report here two infants with Margosa Oil poisoning presenting with encephalopathy.

Matched MeSH terms: Poisoning/therapy

Fulltext Deciduous DPSCs Ameliorate MPTP-Mediated Neurotoxicity, Sensorimotor Coordination and Olfactory Function in Parkinsonian Mice

Simon C, Gan QF, Kathivaloo P, Mohamad NA, Dhamodharan J, Krishnan A, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Jan 29;20(3).

PMID: 30699944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030568

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder defined by progressive deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been proposed to replace the degenerated dopaminergic neurons due to its inherent neurogenic and regenerative potential. However, the effective delivery and homing of DPSCs within the lesioned brain has been one of the many obstacles faced in cell-based therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesized that DPSCs, delivered intranasally, could circumvent these challenges. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of intranasally administered DPSCs in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. Human deciduous DPSCs were cultured, pre-labelled with PKH 26, and intranasally delivered into PD mice following MPTP treatment. Behavioural analyses were performed to measure olfactory function and sensorimotor coordination, while tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunofluorescence was used to evaluate MPTP neurotoxicity in SNpc neurons. Upon intranasal delivery, degenerated TH-positive neurons were ameliorated, while deterioration in behavioural performances was significantly enhanced. Thus, the intranasal approach enriched cell delivery to the brain, optimizing its therapeutic potential through its efficacious delivery and protection against dopaminergic neuron degeneration.

Matched MeSH terms: MPTP Poisoning/therapy*

Ameliorative effect of curcumin on lead-induced hematological and hepatorenal toxicity in a rat model

Abubakar K, Mailafiya MM, Chiroma SM, Danmaigoro A, Zyoud TYT, Abdul Rahim E, et al.

J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2020 Jun;34(6):e22483.

PMID: 32125074 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22483

INTRODUCTION: Lead (Pb) is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal that inflicts numerous clinical consequences on humans. Curcumin is the principal component of turmeric, which is reported to have antioxidative properties. This study aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effects of curcumin on Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity in a rat model.

METHODS: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups with 12 rats in the control (normal saline) and six rats each for the lead-treated group (LTG) (50 mg/kg lead acetate [Pb acetate] for 4 weeks), recovery group (50 mg/kg Pb acetate for 4 weeks and left with no treatment for another 4 weeks), treatment group 1 (Cur100) (50 mg/kg Pb acetate for 4 weeks, followed by 100 mg/kg curcumin for 4 weeks), and treatment group 2 (Cur200) (50 mg/kg Pb acetate for 4 weeks, followed by 200 mg/kg curcumin for 4 weeks). All the experimental groups received oral treatments via orogastric-tube on alternate days. Pb concentration in the liver and kidney of the rats were evaluated using inductive-coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques.

RESULTS: Pb-administered rats revealed significant alteration in oxidative status and increased Pb concentration in their liver and kidney with obvious reduction of hemogram and increased in leukogram as well as aberration in histological architecture of the liver and kidney. However, treatment with curcumin reduces the tissue Pb concentrations and ameliorates the above mention alterations.

CONCLUSIONS: The results in this study suggested that curcumin attenuates Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity via chelating activity and inhibition of oxidative stress.

Matched MeSH terms: Lead Poisoning/therapy*

Djenkol bean poisoning (djenkolism): proposals for treatment and prevention

West CE, Perrin DD, Shaw DC, Heap GH, Soemanto

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1973 Dec;4(4):564-70.

PMID: 4274568

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Poisoning/therapy

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