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  1. Mohd Idris MN, Hashim H
    J Environ Manage, 2021 Oct 15;296:113118.
    PMID: 34216903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113118
    Biomass co-firing with coal can be adopted in the electricity sector to promote greenhouse gas reduction, renewable energy production, and resource efficiency improvement toward environmental sustainability. This realization, however, requires effective management of supply chain issues, such as the collection of biomass feedstock, the transportation of biomass, and the localization of biomass processing plants to deliver the co-firing scales needed. This work addresses these issues by providing a techno-economic assessment conducted in a spatially-explicit manner to investigate the opportunity for scaling up the co-firing deployment at the national scale. The modeling approach is applied to the case of Malaysia's coal and palm oil biomass industries. The number of cases involving the impact of energy decarbonization targets, economic policy instrument, and supply chain cost parameter variations on the co-firing scales deployed are assessed. The findings show that densified biomass feedstock can substitute significant shares of coal capacities to deliver up to 29 MtCO2/year of carbon dioxide reduction. Nevertheless, this would cause a surge in the electricity system cost by up to 2 billion USD/year due to the substitution of up to 40% of the coal plant capacities. In facilitating the maximal deployment of co-firing at the national scale, more than 100 solid biofuel production plants would need to be built to support a maximum of 41 TWh/year of co-firing capacity. Actions to minimize the specific cost elements of the biomass co-firing supply chain are thus needed in the near term to increase the effectiveness of economic policy instrument to promote co-firing and reduce environmental emissions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants*
  2. Mahlia TMI, Ismail N, Hossain N, Silitonga AS, Shamsuddin AH
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019 May;26(15):14849-14866.
    PMID: 30937750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04563-x
    Due to global warming and increasing price of fossil fuel, scientists all over the world have been trying to find reliable alternative fuels. One of the most potential candidates is renewable energy from biomass. The race for renewable energy from biomass has long begun and focused on to combat the deteriorating condition of the environment. Palm oil has been in the spotlight as an alternative of bioenergy sources to resolve fossil fuel problem due to its environment-friendly nature. This review will look deep into the origins of palm oil and how it is processed, bioproducts from this biomass, and oil palm biomass-based power plant in Malaysia. Palm oil is usually processed from oil palm fruits and other parts of the oil palm plant are candidates for raw material of bioproduct generation. Oil palm biomass can be turned into three subcategories: bioproduct, biofuels, and biopower. Focusing on biofuel, the biodiesel from palm oil will be explored in detail and its implication in Malaysia as one of the biggest producers of oil palm in the world will also be emphasized comprehensively. The paper presents the detail of a schematic flow diagram of a palm oil mill process of transforming oil palm into crude palm oil and it wastes. This paper will also discuss the current oil palm biomass power plants in Malaysia. Palm oil has been proven itself as a potential alternative to reduce negative environmental impact of global warming.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants*
  3. Amin NAS, Talebian-Kiakalaieh A
    Waste Manag, 2018 Mar;73:256-264.
    PMID: 29150259 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.019
    As the world's second largest palm oil producer and exporter, Malaysia could capitalize on its oil palm biomass waste for power generation. The emission factors from this renewable energy source are far lower than that of fossil fuels. This study applies an integrated carbon accounting and mitigation (INCAM) model to calculate the amount of CO2 emissions from two biomass thermal power plants. The CO2 emissions released from biomass plants utilizing empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME), as alternative fuels for powering steam and gas turbines, were determined using the INCAM model. Each section emitting CO2 in the power plant, known as the carbon accounting center (CAC), was measured for its carbon profile (CP) and carbon index (CI). The carbon performance indicator (CPI) included electricity, fuel and water consumption, solid waste and waste-water generation. The carbon emission index (CEI) and carbon emission profile (CEP), based on the total monthly carbon production, were determined across the CPI. Various innovative strategies resulted in a 20%-90% reduction of CO2 emissions. The implementation of reduction strategies significantly reduced the CO2 emission levels. Based on the model, utilization of EFB and POME in the facilities could significantly reduce the CO2 emissions and increase the potential for waste to energy initiatives.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants*
  4. Arifin K, Ali MXM, Abas A, Ahmad MA, Ahamad MA, Sahimi AS
    J Safety Res, 2023 Sep;86:376-389.
    PMID: 37718065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.07.017
    INTRODUCTION: The electrical utility industry, which plays a vital role in sustaining other sectors, contributes to high occupational accident rates in the utility industries. The high accident rate shows that there has been insufficient effort made to control unsafe actions and conditions in the workplace. This study aims to examine the influence of hazard control and prevention as leading indicators of safety behaviors and outcomes in coal-fired power plants in Malaysia.

    METHODS: This quantitative research was conducted by distributing survey questionnaires randomly to five coal-fired power plants in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 340 respondents were involved in this research. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was performed using SmartPLS to validate and examine the relationship of the proposed model.

    RESULTS: The results validate the construct of hazard control and prevention consisting of planning, action, managing, and verifying, while the safety outcomes construct consists of occupational accidents, fatal accidents, near misses, and lost time injuries. The results indicate that hazard control and prevention significantly relate to safety compliance, safety participation, safety motivation, and safety knowledge. Moreover, safety outcomes were influenced negatively by hazard control and prevention through safety compliance.

    CONCLUSION: The model provides a better understanding of the influence of hazard control and prevention on safety behavior and outcomes.

    PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The model can be used as guidance for practitioners and researchers in planning and implementing hazard control and prevention to improve health and safety in the workplace.

    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants*
  5. Chan YH, Cheah KW, How BS, Loy ACM, Shahbaz M, Singh HKG, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2019 Aug 25;680:105-123.
    PMID: 31100662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.211
    The rising pressure on both cleaner production and sustainable development have been the main driving force that pushes mankind to seek for alternative greener and sustainable feedstocks for chemical and energy production. The biomass 'waste-to-wealth' concept which convert low value biomass into value-added products which contain high economic potential, have attracted the attentions from both academicians and industry players. With a tropical climate, Malaysia has a rich agricultural sector and dense tropical rainforest, giving rise to abundance of biomass which most of them are underutilized. Hence, the biomass 'waste-to-wealth' conversion through various thermochemical conversion technologies and the prospective challenges towards commercialization in Malaysia are reviewed in this paper. In this paper, a critical review about the maturity status of the four most promising thermochemical conversion routes in Malaysia (i.e. gasification, pyrolysis, liquefaction and hydroprocessing) is given. The current development of thermochemical conversion technologies for biomass conversion in Malaysia is also reviewed and benchmarked against global progress. Besides, the core technical challenges in commercializing these green technologies are highlighted as well. Lastly, the future outlook for successful commercialization of these technologies in Malaysia is included.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants*
  6. Mardi NH, Ean LW, Malek MA, Chua KH, Ahmed AN
    Water Sci Technol, 2025 Jan;91(2):219-234.
    PMID: 39882924 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.402
    Coal power plants adversely impact air pollution, but they also pose a risk to our water sources. Discharge wastewater from power plants may degrade the quality of nearby water bodies. This study evaluates the potential water-related environmental impacts of electricity generation at an ultra-supercritical coal power plant in Malaysia using the life cycle assessment method. The inventory data were gathered from a Malaysian power plant, and supporting data were taken from the relevant literature. Utilizing the ReCiPe 2016 impact assessment method, this study analyses the mid-point impact categories of freshwater eutrophication (FEP), marine eutrophication (MEP), freshwater ecotoxicity (FETP), and marine ecotoxicity (METP). The results indicate that METP is the leading risk, with an average impact of 1.94 × 10-2 kg 1,4-DCB per kWh electricity generated, followed by FETP (1.40 × 10-2 kg 1,4-DCB), FEP (4.66 × 10-4 kg P eq), and MEP (2.95 × 10-5 kg N eq). About 95% of the mid-point impact is due to the extraction and processing of hard coal. These findings underscore a critical aspect of environmental management at the supply chain level. Furthermore, mitigating direct emissions from power generation could reduce the mid-point impact, as demonstrated by comparisons with previous research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants*
  7. Mardi NH, Ean LW, Malek MA, Chua KH, Ahmed AN
    Environ Monit Assess, 2024 Nov 25;196(12):1244.
    PMID: 39581888 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13394-4
    The power generation sector consumes significant amounts of water. A comprehensive water footprint (WF) assessment helps identify and monitor the processes consuming high amounts of water. This research evaluates the water footprint (WF) of electricity generation at a USC coal power plant, integrating on-site data for enhanced reliability. Based on the Water Footprint Assessment Manual, the electricity WF includes supply chain and operational WF. This study exhibits that the average electricity WF is 2.96 m3/MWh. The supply chain WF accounts for 95% of the total electricity WF, while operational WF contributes 5%. The blue WF accounts for 9.9% of the total electricity WF, while the grey water footprint accounts for 90.1%. The results of this research show a significant difference in the distribution of blue and grey WF in electricity WF. Factors contributing to the differences include the amount of coal consumption, power generation technology and power plant cooling technology. Furthermore, this study shows that grey WF depends on the concentration of pollutants considered. This research also conducted a WF impact assessment on local water resources and found that the blue and grey operational WF contributes to low impact. Monitoring the water footprint associated with electricity generation at a coal power plant would provide a more enhanced understanding of water consumption patterns, which could help influence water resources management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants*
  8. Razidah Ismail
    Scientific Research Journal, 2006;3(1):37-52.
    MyJurnal
    The state space modeling approach was developed to cope with the demand
    and performance due to the increase in system complexity, which may have
    multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO). This approach is based on timedomain
    analysis and synthesis using state variables. This paper describes the
    development of a state space representation of a furnace system of a combined
    cycle power plant. Power plants will need to operate optimally so as to stay
    competitive, as even a small improvement in energy efficiency would involve
    substantial cost savings. Both the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the
    state space representation of the furnace system are discussed. These include
    the responses of systems excited by certain inputs and the structural properties
    of the system. The analysis on the furnace system showed that the system is
    bounded input and bounded output stable, controllable and observable. In
    practice, the state space formulation is very important for numerical computation
    and controller design, and can be extended for time-varying systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants
  9. Asnor Azrin Sabuti, Che Abd Rahim Mohamed, Zaharudin Ahmad
    MyJurnal
    Various environmental samples (seawater, TSS, sediment, rainwater and fly ash) from eight different stations near Kapar coastal area were analyzed. The 210 Po activity concentrations in liquid samples (seawater and rainwater) varied between 0.34 ± 0.03 mBq L-1 to 22.44 ± 0.53 mBq L-1 . Whereas the concentrations in particulate samples (TSS, sediment and fly ash) varied between 43.79 ± 2.31 Bqkg-1 to 364.48 ± 5.43 Bqkg-1 . Results also showed the radioactivity in Kapar coastal is higher than most of Malaysian coast, reaching a factor of seven. This condition is mainly due to the operation of a coal-fired power plant nearby. This study also clarify the variability of 210 Po in environment was strongly influenced from rainfall events especially during wet seasons.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants
  10. Nistah, N. N. M., Samyudia, Y., Alnaimi, F. B. I., Motalebi, F.
    MyJurnal
    A major source of contemporary power is a Coal-fired Power Plant. These power plants have the capacity to continuously supply electricity to almost 500,000 residential and business units. An essential component of a Coal-fired Power plant is automation. A feature of this automation is an Intelligent System developed for the Power Plant. These Intelligent Systems have different configurations and design. This research studies the various Intelligent Monitoring Interfaces developed for Coal-fired Power Plant Trips, their advantages, disadvantages and proposes a new Intelligent Monitoring Interface that would alleviate the disadvantages of the existing systems. Current systems that use Neural Network models are investigated. The improved Intelligent Monitoring Interface as proposed in this paper is a modification of the existing monitoring system for the Coal-fired Power Plant Boiler Trips. It is expected to improve the overall system by implementing remote accessibility and interactability between the plant operator and the control system interface. The interface will also assist the operator by providing guidelines to troubleshoot the identified trips and the remote server application will allow data collected to be viewed anytime, anywhere.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants
  11. Tan WK, Teh SY, Koh HL
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017 Jul;24(19):15976-15994.
    PMID: 28343360 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8698-x
    Submarine landslides, also known as submarine mass failures (SMFs), are major natural marine disasters that could critically damage coastal facilities such as nuclear power plants and oil and gas platforms. It is therefore essential to investigate submarine landslides for potential tsunami hazard assessment. Three-dimensional seismic data from offshore Brunei have revealed a giant seabed mass deposited by a previous SMF. The submarine mass extends over 120 km from the continental slope of the Baram Canyon at 200 m water depth to the deep basin floor of the Northwest Borneo Trough. A suite of in-house two-dimensional depth-averaged tsunami simulation model TUNA (Tsunami-tracking Utilities and Application) is developed to assess the vulnerability of coastal communities in Sabah and Sarawak subject to potential SMF tsunami. The submarine slide is modeled as a rigid body moving along a planar slope with the center of mass motion parallel to the planar slope and subject to external forces due to added mass, gravity, and dissipation. The nonlinear shallow water equations are utilized to simulate tsunami propagation from deepwater up to the shallow offshore areas. A wetting-drying algorithm is used when a tsunami wave reaches the shoreline to compute run up of tsunami along the shoreline. Run-up wave height and inundation maps are provided for seven densely populated locations in Sabah and Sarawak to highlight potential risks at each location, subject to two scenarios of slide slopes: 2° and 4°. The first wave may arrive at Kudat as early as 0.4 h after the SMF, giving local communities little time to evacuate. Over a small area, maximum inundated depths reaching 20.3 m at Kudat, 26.1 m at Kota Kinabalu, and 15.5 m at Miri are projected, while the maximum inundation distance of 4.86 km is expected at Miri due to its low-lying coast. In view of the vulnerability of some locations to the SMF tsunami, it is important to develop and implement community resilience program to reduce the potential damage that could be inflicted by SMF tsunamis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants
  12. Mujeebu MA, Abdullah MZ, Bakar MZ, Mohamad AA, Muhad RM, Abdullah MK
    J Environ Manage, 2009 Jun;90(8):2287-312.
    PMID: 19299066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.10.009
    The rapid advances in technology and improved living standard of the society necessitate abundant use of fossil fuels which poses two major challenges to any nation. One is fast depletion of fossil fuel resources; the other is environmental pollution. The porous medium combustion (PMC) has proved to be one of the technically and economically feasible options to tackle the aforesaid problems to a remarkable extent. PMC has interesting advantages compared with free flame combustion due to the higher burning rates, the increased power dynamic range, the extension of the lean flammability limits, and the low emissions of pollutants. This article provides a comprehensive picture of the global scenario of research and developments in PMC and its applications that enable a researcher to decide the direction of further investigation. The works published so far in this area are reviewed, classified according to their objectives and presented in an organized manner with general conclusions. A separate section is devoted for the numerical modeling of PMC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants/instrumentation
  13. Azila A, Chong VC
    Mar Environ Res, 2010 Jul;70(1):13-25.
    PMID: 20338631 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.02.004
    Marine organisms comprised about 70% of the total impinged materials by weight at water intake screens in the Kapar Power Station (KPS), Malaysia. The general groupings of 'fish', 'shrimp', 'crab', 'cephalopod' and 'others' contributed 26% (87 species), 65% (29), 2% (17), 2% (3) and 5% (42) of the total number of impinged organisms, respectively. In general, higher impingement occurred during spring tide, at nighttime and in shallow water. The glass perchlet, anchovies, ponyfishes, mojarra, catfishes, hairtail, scat and young croakers were the most vulnerable fishes. Vulnerable invertebrates included cephalopods, sea urchin, rockshells and jellyfishes, but penaeid shrimps were the most susceptible in terms of both mortality and body injury. Annually, KPS is estimated to kill 8.5 x 10(6) marine organisms (42 tons) by impingement. This amount, however, is minimal compared to commercial fishery harvests. Multispecies impingement at Malaysian power plants poses the problem of finding the best mitigation options for tropical situations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants/statistics & numerical data*
  14. Ghani WA, Alias AB, Savory RM, Cliffe KR
    Waste Manag, 2009 Feb;29(2):767-73.
    PMID: 18614348 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.03.025
    Power generation from biomass is an attractive technology that utilizes agricultural residual waste. In order to explain the behavior of biomass-fired fluidized bed incinerator, biomass sources from agricultural residues (rice husk and palm kernel) were co-fired with coal in a 0.15m diameter and 2.3m high fluidized bed combustor. The combustion efficiency and carbon monoxide emissions were studied and compared with those for pure coal combustion. Co-combustion of a mixture of biomass with coal in a fluidized bed combustor designed for coal combustion increased combustion efficiency up to 20% depending upon excess air levels. Observed carbon monoxide levels fluctuated between 200 and 900 ppm with the addition of coal. It is evident from this research that efficient co-firing of biomass with coal can be achieved with minimal modifications to existing coal-fired boilers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants*
  15. Hu SJ, Katagiri H, Kobayashi H
    Health Phys, 1995 Jan;68(1):67-70.
    PMID: 7989197
    When the definition of calm in atmospheric diffusion analyses is changed from 0.5 m s-1 to 0.1 m s-1, actual and more accurate low wind speeds and wind directions can be used to calculate the average air concentrations due to continuous releases of radionuclides at 10-m stack height more realistically and accurately. However, this modified calm condition has little affect on the calculated adult thyroid exposure for a postulated accident.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants*
  16. Basri NA, Hashim S, Ramli AT, Bradley DA, Hamzah K
    J Radiol Prot, 2016 Dec;36(4):R96-R111.
    PMID: 27631675
    Malaysia has initiated a range of pre-project activities in preparation for its planned nuclear power programme. Clearly one of the first steps is the selection of sites that are deemed suitable for the construction and operation of a nuclear power plant. Here we outline the Malaysian regulatory requirements for nuclear power plant site selection, emphasizing details of the selection procedures and site characteristics needed, with a clear focus on radiation safety and radiation protection in respect of the site surroundings. The Malaysia Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) site selection guidelines are in accord with those provided in International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and United Stated Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) documents. To enhance the suitability criteria during selection, as well as to assist in the final decision making process, possible assessments using the site selection characteristics and information are proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nuclear Power Plants/standards*
  17. Amin YM, Khandaker MU, Shyen AK, Mahat RH, Nor RM, Bradley DA
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2013 Oct;80:109-16.
    PMID: 23891979 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.06.014
    Current study concerns measurement of radioactivity levels in areas surrounding a 2420 MW thermal power plant fueled predominantly by bituminous coal. The concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in onsite bottom-ash were found to be 139 Bq/kg, 108 Bq/kg and 291 Bq/kg, respectively, the levels for these radiolnuclides in soil decreasing with distance from the power plant. At the plant perimeter the respective radionuclide concentrations were 87 Bq/kg, 74 Bq/kg and 297 Bq/kg. In a nearby town, the corresponding concentrations were 104 Bq/kg, 52 Bq/kg and 358 Bq/kg, suggestive of use of TENORM affected soils. The mean radium equivalent activities (Raeq) in soil and ash sample in the town were 205 Bq/kg and 316 Bq/kg, respectively. The Kapar plant ash/slag appears to contain a higher level of TENORM than the world average. The degree of contamination is much higher inside the town where slag has been mixed with topsoil as landfill or as simple domestic waste. For the prevailing levels of exposure and a worst case senario, the predicted committed effective dose due to ingestion and inhalation for intake durations of 1- and 30 years would be 4.2 μSv and 220 μSv, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants
  18. Azmirul Ashaari, Tahir Ahmad, Wan Munirah Wan Mohamad
    MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(2):235-244.
    MyJurnal
    Pressurized water reactor (PWR) type AP1000 is a third generation of a nuclear
    power plant. The primary system of PWR using uranium dioxide to generate heat energy
    via fission process. The process influences temperature, pressure and pH value of water
    chemistry of the PWR. The aim of this paper is to transform the primary system of PWR
    using fuzzy autocatalytic set (FACS). In this work, the background of primary system
    of PWR and the properties of the model are provided. The simulation result, namely
    dynamic concentration of PWR is verified against published data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power Plants
  19. Nor Afifah Basri, Ahmad Termizi Ramli
    MyJurnal
    Nuclear power is considered as one of the best option for future energy development in Malaysia. Since Malaysia has no experience in nuclear energy generation, commissioning the first nuclear power plant needs tremendous effort in various aspects. Site selection is one of important step in nuclear power plant commissioning process. This paper proposes candidate sites for nuclear power plant in Mersing, Kota Tinggi, Muar and Batu Pahat district in Johor, Malaysia. The candidate selection process uses the IAEA document and AELB guideline as main reference, supported by site selection procedure by various countries. MapInfo Professional software was used to simulate the selection process for candidate areas for the nuclear power plant. This paper concluded that Tenggaroh and Jemaluang area are the most suitable area for nuclear power plant facilities in Johor, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nuclear Power Plants
  20. Nor Afifah Basri, Ahmad Termizi Ramli
    MyJurnal
    Nuclear power is considered as one of the best option for future energy development in Malaysia. Since Malaysia has no experience in nuclear energy generation, commissioning the first nuclear power plant needs tremendous effort in various aspects. Site selection is one of important step in nuclear power plant commissioning process. This paper proposes candidate sites for nuclear power plant in Mersing, Kota Tinggi, Muar and Batu Pahat district in Johor, Malaysia. The candidate selection process uses the IAEA document and AELB guideline as main reference, supported by site selection procedure by various countries. Mapinfo Professional software was used to simulate the selection process for candidate areas for the nuclear power plant. This paper concluded that Tenygaroh and Jemaluang area are the most suitable area for nuclear power plant facilities in Johor, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nuclear Power Plants
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