Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 35 in total

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  1. Estimation of age in Asiatic girls
    Cameron JAP
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1938;2:19-23.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Determination by Skeleton
  2. Fulltext Descriptions of the larval instars of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a species of forensic importance in Malaysia
    Raja M. Zuha Raja Kamal, Mohamed Abdullah Marwi, Jeffery, John, Ahmad Firdaus Mohd. Salleh, Wan Omar Abdullah, Baharudin Omar
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(2):35-41.
    MyJurnal
    The anatomical structures of the first, second and third instars of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) were examined by light microscopy. Observations were documented on the three main characteristics; the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, anterior spiracle and posterior spiracle. The first instar larva bore cornuae of fairly pigmented delineation with slim hypostomal sclerite and distinct dental sclerite. First instar did not have obscured anterior spiracle but posterior spiracles were obscured with thin lining of opened peritreme. Intersegmental spines were evident. The second instar larva displayed a prominent anterodorsal process approaching closer to hypostomal sclerite while upper margin of the dorsal cornua was slightly pigmented. Each anterior spiracle consisted of nine to ten papillae, arranged in a single row. Peritreme of the posterior spiracle thick, opening at the end of peritreme was not wide and confined to two spiracular slits. The third instar larva showed a prominent arch of the ventral cornua with broad and bold appearance. It approached the dorsal cornua and became narrow at the incision median. The anterior spiracle consisted of a single row of nine to ten papillae while intersegmental spine could be identified with one to three dark pigmented tips. A dark pigmented and wide periterime was observed confining three short and thick spiracular slits while button was poorly pigmented. The most distinctive feature of this second and third instar larva was the slender, thorn-like tubercle with numerous spined tips on the middle line segment of the body. These findings provide identification features of C. rufifacies larvae instars.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skeleton
  3. Fulltext Crystallite sizes of Porites species
    Fadhlia Zafarina Zakaria, Julynnie Wajir, Fauziah Abdul Aziz
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(1):11-18.
    MyJurnal
    This study was designed to investigate the crystallite sizes of Porites species. A set of 9 Porites skeletons i.e. Porites australiensis, Porites cylindrica, Porites lutea, Porites lichen, Porites digitata, Porites nigrescens, Porites rus, Porites annae and Porites sp. were studied by using XRay Diffraction method. The values of FWHM and theta (θ) are used in Scherrer equation to determine the crystallite sizes of all Porites samples. It was found that the crystallite sizes were in the range of 1007.78 Ǻ – 1706.04 Ǻ.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skeleton
  4. Violent actions against children
    Alhammami M, Ooi CP, Tan WH
    Data Brief, 2017 Jun;12:480-484.
    PMID: 28508027 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.04.026
    We present in this paper a novel dataset (MMU VAAC) for violent actions against children recognition. This original dataset has been recorded using Microsoft Kinect with the usage of a child mannequin. MMU VAAC dataset contains skeleton joints, depth, and RGB modalities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skeleton
  5. Structure Elucidation of the spiro-Polyketide Svalbardine B from the Arctic Fungal Endophyte Poaceicola sp. E1PB with Support from Extensive ESI-MS n Interpretation
    M Hussain FB, Al-Khdhairawi AAQ, Kok Sing H, Muhammad Low AL, Anouar EH, Thomas NF, et al.
    J Nat Prod, 2020 12 24;83(12):3493-3501.
    PMID: 33233893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01105
    Svalbardines A and B (1 and 2) and annularin K (3) were isolated from cultures of Poaceicola sp. E1PB, an endophyte isolated from the petals of Papaver dahlianum from Svalbard, Norway. Svalbardine A (1) is a pyrano[3,2-c]chromen-4-one, a new analogue of citromycetin. Svalbardine B (2) displays an unprecedented carbon skeleton based on a 5'-benzyl-spiro[chroman-3,7'-isochromene]-4,8'-dione core. Annularin K (3) is a hydroxylated derivative of annularin D. The structure of these new polyketides, along with those of known compounds 4-6, was established by spectrometric analysis, including extensive ESI-CID-MS
    n
    processing in the case of svalbardine B (2).
    Matched MeSH terms: Skeleton
  6. Fulltext Multi-View Human Action Recognition Using Skeleton Based-FineKNN with Extraneous Frame Scrapping Technique
    Malik NUR, Sheikh UU, Abu-Bakar SAR, Channa A
    Sensors (Basel), 2023 Mar 02;23(5).
    PMID: 36904953 DOI: 10.3390/s23052745
    Human action recognition (HAR) is one of the most active research topics in the field of computer vision. Even though this area is well-researched, HAR algorithms such as 3D Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), Two-stream Networks, and CNN-LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) suffer from highly complex models. These algorithms involve a huge number of weights adjustments during the training phase, and as a consequence, require high-end configuration machines for real-time HAR applications. Therefore, this paper presents an extraneous frame scrapping technique that employs 2D skeleton features with a Fine-KNN classifier-based HAR system to overcome the dimensionality problems.To illustrate the efficacy of our proposed method, two contemporary datasets i.e., Multi-Camera Action Dataset (MCAD) and INRIA Xmas Motion Acquisition Sequences (IXMAS) dataset was used in experiment. We used the OpenPose technique to extract the 2D information, The proposed method was compared with CNN-LSTM, and other State of the art methods. Results obtained confirm the potential of our technique. The proposed OpenPose-FineKNN with Extraneous Frame Scrapping Technique achieved an accuracy of 89.75% on MCAD dataset and 90.97% on IXMAS dataset better than existing technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skeleton
  7. Metric analyses of an early holocene human skeleton from Gua Gunung Runtuh, Malaysia
    Matsumura H, Zuraina M
    Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 1999 Jul;109(3):327-40.
    PMID: 10407463
    A nearly complete human skeleton dating to the Early Holocene (epi-Paleolithic culture) excavated from Gua Gunung Runtuh, Malaysia, is described. Cranial, dental, and limb bone measurements are recorded on the skeleton, and compared with early and modern skeletal samples from Southeast Asia and Australia. The comparisons demonstrate that the Gua Gunung specimen is most similar to Australian Aborigines in dental and limb measurements, while the cranial measurements indicate a close affinity to Mesolithic samples from Malaysia and Flores. These findings further suggest that the Gua Gunung skeleton, as well as other fossils from Tabon and Niah, are representative of an early group of people who occupied Sundaland during the late Pleistocene, and may be the ancestors of Australian Aborigines. Some of the dental and limb bone measurements exhibited by the ancestors persist in Southeast Asian populations until the early Holocene. Differences in cranial traits have, however, accumulated since the late Pleistocene in Australian Aborigines and early Southeast Asian peoples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skeleton
  8. Concise synthesis of the vasorelaxant alkaloids schwarzinicines A and B
    Lee FK, Krishnan P, Muhamad A, Low YY, Kam TS, Ting KN, et al.
    Nat Prod Res, 2021 Mar 22.
    PMID: 33749454 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1903005
    A concise synthesis of the 1,4-diarylbutanoid-phenethylamine alkaloids, schwarzinicines A (1) and B (2), recently isolated from Ficus schwarzii, is reported. Key steps include a Claisen condensation to assemble the 1,4-diaryl-2-butanone intermediate, followed by a reductive amination to furnish the core skeleton of the target compounds. The overall synthetic yields of 1 and 2 were 9.1% and 3.5%, respectively. Synthetic (-)-1, (+)-1 and (±)-1 exhibited comparable vasorelaxation as natural schwarzinicine A on rat isolated aortic rings, suggesting that the observed vasorelaxant effects were not influenced by the chirality at C-2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skeleton
  9. Fulltext ‘Sub-superscan’ in bone scan – an important feature of extensive bone metastases
    Khadijah Abdul Hamid, Mohammad Nazri Md Shah
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(102):75-77.
    MyJurnal
    A Superscan is described as a ‘beautiful bone scan’. In a superscan, the uptake of 99mTc-Methelene Diphosphonate (MDP) is prominent in the skeleton relative to soft tissue with absent or faint visualisation of the kidneys. This finding could be misinterpreted as a normal bone scan. A ‘Sub-superscan’ is a term used for scan findings in which the up- take is atypical of a superscan, but the patient has extensive bone metastases, as presented in our case report.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skeleton
  10. The Accuracy of Sex Estimation on Metatarsal Bones in a Northeastern Thai Population
    Phatsara M, Das S, Laowatthanaphong S, Tuamsuk P, Mahakkanukrauh P
    Clin Ter, 2016 May-Jun;167(3):72-6.
    PMID: 27424506 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2016.1929
    BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of sex estimation by discriminant analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis equations generated from metatarsal bones in a Thai population.
    MATERIAL AND METHODS: The testing samples utilized in this study consisted of 50 skeletons (25 males and 25 females) obtained from the Khon Kaen University Skeletal Collection, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University. Seven measurements of metatarsal bones were measured in centimeters, using either a mini-osteometric board (MOB) or a sliding caliper. The values measured from the Khon Kaen Skeletal Collection were used to determine the accuracy and applicability of sex determination, as predicted by Y1-Y6 equations which were generated from a Chiang Mai Skeletal Collection.
    RESULTS: The percentage of sex determination accuracies predicted from the Y1-Y6 equations demonstrated accuracy rates of 80-95.6.
    CONCLUSIONS: The Chiang Mai sex determination equations, generated from metatarsal bones by discriminant analysis (Y1-Y3) and stepwise discriminant analysis (Y4-Y6), demonstrated high accuracy rates of prediction, suggesting that these equations may be useful for sex determination within the Thai population.
    KEYWORDS: Foot; Metatarsal bones; Sex determination; Thailand
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Determination by Skeleton
  11. The age question among Asiatic girls in Malayan courts of law
    Worth HI
    Med J Malaya, 1947;1:252-272.
    European standards on height, weight, centres of ossification and date of onset of puberty are not applicable to Asiatic girls in Malaya. " Asiatics " could not be grouped together, racial groups showed differences, especially the three main groups-Chinese, Indians and Malays. Nine tables are furnished showing the average and maximum and minimum heights and weights of the four main groups examined, as well as of some of the minor groups, arranged according to ages from 5 years to 19 years. The conclusion is drawn that the European standard of height and weight is higher than that of any of the Asiatic races in Malaya; a greater difference is noted in the weight than in the height and there is a much greater range in the weight of Asiatics but a smaller range in the height. Onset of menstruation tended to be earlier in the local Asiatic groups than in Europeans. The date of eruption of permanent teeth appeared to be earlier among Asiatic races. No deciduous teeth were found at the age of 12-13 years, the lower second molar was seen in all those examined at that age and the whole lower set was present, excluding the third molar. Earlier efuption of the canine teeth was also noticeable. Details should be consulted in the original by all those interested in medico legal work in tropical countries. P. A. Clearkin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Determination by Skeleton
  12. Fulltext A new method for sex estimation from maxillary suture length in a Thai population
    Sinthubua A, Ruengdit S, Das S, Mahakkanukrauh P
    Anat Cell Biol, 2017 Dec;50(4):261-264.
    PMID: 29354297 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.4.261
    Sex estimation is one of the crucial procedures in the biological profile identification of human skeletal remains. Knowing sex of unknown case can lead to accurate and appropriate methods for predicting age, stature, ancestry, or even personal identification. Skull is one of the most reliable one among other skeletons and it is usually retained for both archaeological and forensic contexts. Although many morphological features and metric measurements of skull have been studied for sexing, but to the best of our knowledge is no study on maxillary suture length for sex estimation. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new sex estimation method for a Thai population by determining three maxillary suture lengths: anterior, transverse, and posterior maxillary suture, by computerizing amount of pixel obtained from photographs of these sutures. The present study was conducted on 190 Thai bone samples of which 96 were males and 94 were females. Independent t test revealed statistically significant difference (P<0.01) between males and females in all maxillary suture measurements. Equations derived from prediction model, which required three maxillary suture lengths gave 76.8421% accuracy from the leave-one-out cross validation in estimating sex percentage accuracies in predicting sex from these equations, which were relatively moderate. This study provides a novel and objective sex estimation method for Thais. It suggests that maxillary suture length can be applied for sex estimation. The new computerized technique will contribute basis knowledge and method for sex estimation, especially when only base of skull is available in forensic circumstance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skeleton
  13. Sex determination from carpal bone volumes: A Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) study in a Malaysian population
    M Didi AL, Azman RR, Nazri M
    Leg Med (Tokyo), 2016 May;20:49-52.
    PMID: 27161924 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.04.002
    PURPOSE: The use of Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) volume measurements of bones for sex determination allows fragile, fragmented human remains to be assessed without compromising the specimen. We set out to assess the ability of MDCT carpal bone volume measurement in determining sex in a Malaysian population.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: 52 healthy volunteers were scanned in a 16-slice MDCT, and the volume of 104 sets of carpal bones was measured using a Syngo workstation (Both CT and workstation-Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany).

    RESULTS: Male carpal bones were of higher volume compared to the female carpal bones (p<0.001). Area under the curve (AUC) assessment of responder-operator characteristics curves showed that the trapezium bone was best able to predict sex with an AUC of 0.986. At a trapezium bone volume of ⩾1.94cm(3), there was a 93.5% probability that the subject was male. Binary logistic regression analysis found that the highest accuracy was derived using the pisiform, trapezium and capitate bones. There was a strong relationship between sex prediction and grouping of the carpal bone volumes (Nagelkerke R(2)=0.923) with an overall prediction accuracy of 97%.

    CONCLUSION: All 8 carpal bones exhibit sexual dimorphism to varying degrees. A binary regression analysis combining the 5 carpal bones with the highest predictive values for sex produces an accurate predictive model.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Determination by Skeleton/methods*
  14. Age estimation based on bone length using 12 regression models of left hand X-ray images for Asian children below 19 years old
    Darmawan MF, Yusuf SM, Abdul Kadir MR, Haron H
    Leg Med (Tokyo), 2015 Mar;17(2):71-8.
    PMID: 25456051 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.09.006
    Age estimation was used in forensic anthropology to help in the identification of individual remains and living person. However, the estimation methods tend to be unique and applicable only to a certain population. This paper analyzed age estimation using twelve regression models carried out on X-ray images of the left hand taken from an Asian data set for subjects under the age of 19. All the nineteen bones of the left hand were measured using free image software and the statistical analysis were performed using SPSS. There are two methods to determine age in this study which are single bone method and all bones method. For single bone method, S-curve regression model was found to have the highest R-square value using second metacarpal for males, and third proximal phalanx for females. For age estimation using single bone, fifth metacarpal from males and fifth proximal phalanx from females can be used due to the lowest mean square error (MSE) value. To conclude, multiple linear regressions is the best techniques for age estimation in cases where all bones are available, but if not, S-curve regression can be used using single bone method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Determination by Skeleton/methods*
  15. The applicability of Greulich and Pyle atlas to assess skeletal age for four ethnic groups
    Mansourvar M, Ismail MA, Raj RG, Kareem SA, Aik S, Gunalan R, et al.
    J Forensic Leg Med, 2014 Feb;22:26-9.
    PMID: 24485416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.11.011
    Recently, determination of skeletal age, defined as the assessment of bone age, has rapidly become an important task between forensic experts and radiologists. The Greulich-Pyle (GP) atlas is one of the most frequently used methods for the assessment of skeletal age around the world. After presentation of the GP approach for the estimation of the bone age, much research has been conducted to examine the usability of this method in various geographic or ethnic categories. This study investigates on a small-scale and compares the reliability of the GP atlas for assessment of the bone age for four ethnic groups - Asian, African/American, Caucasian and Hispanic - for a different range of ages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Determination by Skeleton/methods*
  16. Age at death estimation from bone histology in Malaysian males
    Nor FM, Pastor RF, Schutkowski H
    Med Sci Law, 2014 Oct;54(4):203-8.
    PMID: 24189643 DOI: 10.1177/0025802413506573
    Estimation of age from microscopic examination of human bone utilizes bone remodeling. This allows 2 regression equation to be determined in a specific population based on the variation in osteon turnover in different populations. The aim of this study was to provide age estimation for Malaysian males. Ground undecalcified cross sections were prepared from long limb bones of 50 deceased males aged between 21 and 78 years. Ten microstructural parameters were measured and subjected to multivariate regression analysis. Results showed that osteon count had the highest correlation with age (R = 0.43), and age was estimated to be within 10.94 years of the true value in 98% of males. Cross validation of the equation on 50 individuals showed close correspondence of true ages with estimated ages. Further studies are needed to validate and expand these results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Determination by Skeleton/methods*
  17. Fulltext Multipurpose contrast enhancement on epiphyseal plates and ossification centers for bone age assessment
    Chai HY, Swee TT, Seng GH, Wee LK
    Biomed Eng Online, 2013;12:27.
    PMID: 23565999 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-12-27
    The high variations of background luminance, low contrast and excessively enhanced contrast of hand bone radiograph often impede the bone age assessment rating system in evaluating the degree of epiphyseal plates and ossification centers development. The Global Histogram equalization (GHE) has been the most frequently adopted image contrast enhancement technique but the performance is not satisfying. A brightness and detail preserving histogram equalization method with good contrast enhancement effect has been a goal of much recent research in histogram equalization. Nevertheless, producing a well-balanced histogram equalized radiograph in terms of its brightness preservation, detail preservation and contrast enhancement is deemed to be a daunting task.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Determination by Skeleton/methods*
  18. Skull sutures: Changing morphology during preadolescent growth and its implications in forensic identification
    Jayaprakash PT, Srinivasan GJ
    Forensic Sci Int, 2013 Jun 10;229(1-3):166.e1-13.
    PMID: 23582744 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.038
    Forensic identification of juvenile skulls is a problem area. Although the skull suture patterns have been suggested for use in individualizing human remains by comparing antemortem and postmortem radiographs, the age at which such patterns stabilize and can be useful for identification had been indicated as 7 years. Subsequent researchers have also concurred that antemortem and postmortem radiographs taken after the 7th year would be sufficient to meet the Daubert standard criteria for identifying skulls using radiographs. The suggestions regarding the lower age limit for stabilization of suture patterns have not been verified so far. In this research, the patterns of the sutures in the ectocranial and endocranial surfaces of the lambdoid region in 22 juvenile skulls (age range 1-10 years) and 100 adult skulls (age range 17-70 years) were studied for the relative incidence of different types of suture patterns. The radiographic recordings of the suture patterns in the juvenile skulls were also compared with the patterns seen in the ectocranial and endocranial surfaces. The findings of this study support the proposition that the suture patterns are plastic during the juvenile stage and that they undergo significant remodeling during growth into adulthood. Indicating the possibility of growth related alterations in the sutural morphology, the onset of adulthood is suggested as the age for stabilization of suture patterns in the context of prescribing standards for such criteria as those relating to Daubert.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Determination by Skeleton/methods*
  19. Fulltext An artifacts removal post-processing for epiphyseal region-of-interest (EROI) localization in automated bone age assessment (BAA)
    Chai HY, Wee LK, Swee TT, Salleh ShH, Chea LY
    Biomed Eng Online, 2011;10:87.
    PMID: 21952080 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-10-87
    Segmentation is the most crucial part in the computer-aided bone age assessment. A well-known type of segmentation performed in the system is adaptive segmentation. While providing better result than global thresholding method, the adaptive segmentation produces a lot of unwanted noise that could affect the latter process of epiphysis extraction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Determination by Skeleton/methods*
  20. Comparison study of growth plate fusion using MRI versus plain radiographs as used in age determination for exclusion of overaged football players
    George J, Nagendran J, Azmi K
    Br J Sports Med, 2012 Mar;46(4):273-8.
    PMID: 21173009 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.074948
    MRI of distal radius fusion is currently being used in the U17 World Cup to exclude overaged players. Developing countries that cannot afford to perform MRI on their players are using plain radiographs based on the same MRI criteria of fusion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Determination by Skeleton/methods*
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