Displaying all 15 publications

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  1. Rachagan SP, Kutty K, Govindan KS
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):293-4.
    PMID: 10968101
    A case of persistent trophoblastic tissue on the pelvic peritoneum is presented. While most cases are secondary to conservative surgery for tubal ectopic pregnancy, primary implantation can also occur as highlighted by this case. A brief pathophysiology of the condition is presented. The importance of monitoring the serum for beta subunit human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) is emphasised.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts/pathology*
  2. Cheng HM, Chamley LW
    Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1998 Sep;218(4):277.
    PMID: 9714070
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts/metabolism*
  3. Goh JYL, Rachagan SP, Low EC
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):70-1.
    PMID: 3431507
    A case of an ovarian ectopic pregnancy is
    presented. The diagnosis was made at laparotomy.
    Histology of the surgical specimen confirmed a
    primary ovarian pregnancy. The aetiologic factors
    and diagnostic criteria are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts/pathology
  4. Ismail NI
    Front Immunol, 2023;14:1166451.
    PMID: 37051244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166451
    One would expect maternal immune cells to attack the invading trophoblast as the placenta is semi-allogenic. However, they appear to cooperate with the trophoblast in disrupting the arterial wall which has been determined in several studies. uNK cells are a particular type of immune cell that appears to play a role in pregnancy. As in pregnancy, the key contributors to trophoblast invasion appear to be a unique combination of genes, which appear to regulate multiple components of the interactions between placental and maternal cells, called HLA class 1b genes. The HLA class 1b genes have few alleles, which makes them unlikely to be recognized as foreign by the maternal cells. The low polymorphic properties of these particular HLAs may aid trophoblasts in actively avoiding immune attacks. This review gives a complete description of the mechanisms of interaction between HLAs and maternal uNK cells in humans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts
  5. Salleh N, Giribabu N
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:201514.
    PMID: 25152902 DOI: 10.1155/2014/201514
    Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) plays an indispensible role in embryo implantation. Aberrant LIF production is linked to implantation failure. LIF regulates multiple processes prior to and during implantation such as uterine transformation into a receptive state, decidualization, blastocyst growth and development, embryo-endometrial interaction, trophoblast invasion, and immune modulation. Due to its critical role, LIF has been a target for a nonhormonal contraception. In this review, we summarize up-to-date information on the role of LIF in implantation and its role in contraception.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts/physiology
  6. Azliana AF, Zainul-Rashid MR, Chandramaya SF, Farouk WI, Nurwardah A, Wong YP, et al.
    Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2018 1 13;60(4):515-520.
    PMID: 29323064 DOI: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_376_16
    INTRODUCTION: Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (HDP) represents the most common medical complication in pregnancy. It is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates vascular endothelial cell growth, survival, and proliferation, and they are known to be expressed in human placenta. The aim of this study was to determine the VEGF expression in the placenta of hypertensive and normotensive patients.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. A total of 30 placentae comprised of 15 hypertensive and 15 normotensive cases were assessed. VEGF expression in placenta was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and the number of syncytial knots was counted.

    RESULTS: Our study showed an increased syncytial knot formation in the placenta of hypertensive mothers. VEGF expression was seen in syncytiotrophoblasts of 14 of the hypertensive cases (14/15, 93.3%), while only two of the normotensive cases were positive (2/15, 13.3%). There were no statistically significant differences in VEGF expression in other placenta cells, that is, cytotrophoblasts (P = 1.0), decidual cells (0.1394), maternal endothelial cells (0.5977), and fetal endothelial cells (P = 1.0).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study showed an increased number of syncytial knots is a consistent histological finding in the placenta of patient with HDP. VEGF expression was significantly increased in syncytiotrophoblasts in placenta of hypertensive group, and it could be used as a biomarker for hypertension.

    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts/cytology
  7. Moffett A
    Placenta, 2003 Apr;24 Suppl A:S4-9.
    PMID: 12842407
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts/immunology*
  8. Salleh N
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:968141.
    PMID: 24616654 DOI: 10.1155/2014/968141
    Prostaglandins (PGs), derivatives of arachidonic acid, play an indispensable role in embryo implantation. PGs have been reported to participate in the increase in vascular permeability, stromal decidualization, blastocyst growth and development, leukocyte recruitment, embryo transport, trophoblast invasion, and extracellular matrix remodeling during implantation. Deranged PGs syntheses and actions will result in implantation failure. This review summarizes up-to-date literatures on the role of PGs in blastocyst implantation which could provide a broad perspective to guide further research in this field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts/drug effects; Trophoblasts/physiology
  9. Hayati AR, Cheah FC, Tan AE, Tan GC
    Early Hum Dev, 2007 Jan;83(1):41-6.
    PMID: 16750336 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.04.002
    BACKGROUND: Septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (sHCM) is a characteristic anomaly of the infant of diabetic mother (IDM). Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been identified as a mediator of tissue overgrowth and we have previously shown that maternal IGF-1 levels were significantly elevated among neonates with asymmetrical sHCM. IGF-1 does not cross the placenta; it exerts physiologic action through binding to the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Localisation and expression of IGF-1R in term diabetic pregnancies are largely unclear. We have studied IGF-1R in the placentae of diabetic and normal pregnancies and this receptor expression in association with neonates with sHCM.
    METHODS: IGF-1R localization and expression in the placentae of six diabetic pregnancies associated with neonatal sHCM were compared with six each of randomly selected diabetic and normal pregnancies without neonatal sHCM by immunohistochemistry. The staining for IGF-1R in the deciduas, cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts and villous endothelium for these 18 samples were assessed and scored by two pathologists who were blinded to the respective diagnoses.
    RESULTS: Placental IGF-1R staining was negative in the villous endothelium for all three groups. IGF-1R staining was present in deciduas, cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts but the staining was weaker in the entire group of infants with sHCM compared to those without sHCM.
    CONCLUSIONS: IGF-1R is localized in all cell types of the placenta except in villous endothelium. Weaker placental IGF-1R staining in the placentae of diabetic pregnancies associated with sHCM suggests reduced expression of IGF-1R. This may be a down-regulatory response to elevated maternal IGF with neonatal sHCM outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts/metabolism; Trophoblasts/pathology
  10. Sarmadi S, Izadi-Mood N, Sanii S, Motevalli D
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Apr;41(1):15-24.
    PMID: 31025633
    INTRODUCTION: In the event of encountering hydropic villi in products of conception specimens, pathologists will have to distinguish complete and partial hydatidiform mole (CHM & PHM) from hydropic abortion (HA). The histological diagnostic criteria are subjective and demonstrate considerable inter-observer variability.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study evaluated the inter-observer variability in diagnosis of CHM, PHM and HA according to defined histologic criteria. Ninety abortus conception specimens were reviewed. Representative haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were assigned independently to two pathologists who were asked to make a diagnosis of CHM, PHM or HA, and provide a report of the identified diagnostic histological criteria. Kappa value was calculated for the inter-observer agreement.

    RESULTS: There was a total of 36.7% disagreement between two pathologists (K = 0.403, Strength of Agreement = moderate), of which 24.4% and 12.2%, were differentiating PHM from CHM and PHM from HA, respectively. Among defined diagnostic histological criteria, the highest rate of agreement was observed in the identification of cistern formation and hydropic changes (K = 0.746 and 0.686 respectively, Strength of Agreement = substantial).

    CONCLUSION: There was moderate to substantial agreement rate between two pathologists in identification of two essential histologic criteria for diagnosis of molar pregnancies i.e. "hydropic change" and "trophoblastic proliferation".

    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts
  11. Chew BS, Ghazali R, Othman H, Ismail NAM, Othman AS, Laim NMST, et al.
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2018 Oct 10.
    PMID: 30306675 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13836
    AIM: The aim of our study was to determine the endocan-1 expression in placenta of hypertensive women, and its association with maternal and fetal outcomes.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study consisted of 21 pregnant women with hypertension and 23 without hypertension. The gestational age ranged from 28 to 39 weeks (hypertensive) and 32 to 40 weeks (normotensive). The paraffin embedded formalin fixed placenta tissue blocks were retrieved from the pathology archives. Endocan immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue sections of full thickness and maternal surface of the placenta. The endocan expression was determined in fetal endothelial cells, maternal endothelial cells, cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts and decidual cells. The differences in endocan expression in placenta between hypertensive and normotensive subjects were evaluated by Pearson chi-square test and t-test were used in the statistical analysis.

    RESULTS: The endocan expression was significantly higher in fetal endothelial cells (P

    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts
  12. Samara TD, Liem IK, Prijanti AR, Andrijono
    Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Jan;26(1):66-72.
    PMID: 30914894 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.1.6
    Background: An imbalance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors contributes to impaired trophoblast invasion during pregnancy, leading to failure of uterine spiral artery remodeling, blood vessel ischemia, and pre-eclampsia (PE). Anti-angiogenic semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) and pro-angiogenic cullin 1 (CUL1) are expressed in both the placenta and maternal blood. The present study investigated correlations between serum and placental SEMA3B as well as CUL1 levels in late-onset PE.

    Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 patients with late-onset (≥ 32 weeks gestation) PE. Maternal serum was obtained before delivery, and placentas were obtained immediately after delivery. SEMA3B and CUL1 levels were evaluated by ELISA. Results were statistically analysed by Spearman correlation test, with a P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

    Results: While elevated serum SEMA3B levels significantly correlated with increased placental SEMA3B levels in late-onset PE (R = 0.620, P = 0.000), alteration of serum CUL1 levels did not correlate with alteration of placental CUL1.

    Conclusion: Alteration of circulating maternal SEMA3B, but not CUL1, levels can potentially be used to monitor PE progression during pregnancy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts
  13. Singh HJ
    Malays J Med Sci, 2009 Jan;16(1):7-15.
    PMID: 22589643 MyJurnal
    Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy complicate almost 7 - 10 % of all pregnancies. The dyad of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation is referred to as pre-eclampsia. It is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and is also associated with increased perinatal problems. Despite intensive research over the years the exact cause of pre-eclampsia remains unknown. Nevertheless, information gleaned from published studies point to the placenta as the probable pathogenetic focus of pre-eclampsia, as the disease usually resolves within 24 - 48 hours after delivery of the placenta. Although the precise involvement of the placenta in pre-eclampsia remains unclear there are indications that the trophoblastic invasion of the uterine spiral arteries is abnormal in women who develop pre-eclampsia. This impaired invasion leads to decreased placental perfusion and ultimately to placental hypoxia. The distressed or ischaemic placenta then secretes a factor(s) into the maternal circulation, which cause/s widespread endothelial cell dysfunction characterized by vasospasm, activation of coagulation system and organ ischaemia. The cause of the defective cytotrophoblastic invasion of the spiral arteries and the link between placental ischaemia and generalized maternal endothelial dysfunction remain unknown. Although the placenta appears to have a major role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia, evidence also suggests that factors like maternal genetic predisposition, dietary, environmental and behaviour, which surface during the stress of pregnancy might also be involved in the development of pre-eclampsia. It is known that not all women with poor cytotrophoblast invasion develop pre-eclampsia and not all women with preeclampsia show poor cytotrophoblast invasion. Over the years, a number of potential risk factors associated with the development of pre-eclampsia are being recognized and it might be appropriate now to develop some preventative strategies based upon the available information.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts
  14. Cheah FC, Lai CH, Tan GC, Swaminathan A, Wong KK, Wong YP, et al.
    Front Pediatr, 2020;8:593802.
    PMID: 33553066 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.593802
    Background:Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) is most frequently associated with bacterial vaginosis and is the second most common etiology causing intrauterine infection after Ureaplasma urealyticum. Intrauterine GV infection adversely affects pregnancy outcomes, resulting in preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and neonatal pneumonia. The knowledge of how GV exerts its effects is limited. We developed an in vivo animal model to study its effects on fetal development. Materials and Methods: A survival mini-laparotomy was conducted on New Zealand rabbits on gestational day 21 (28 weeks of human pregnancy). In each dam, fetuses in the right uterine horn received intra-amniotic 0.5 × 102 colony-forming units of GV injections each, while their littermate controls in the left horn received sterile saline injections. A second laparotomy was performed seven days later. Assessment of the fetal pups, histopathology of the placenta and histomorphometric examination of the fetal lung tissues was done. Results: Three dams with a combined total of 12 fetuses were exposed to intra-amniotic GV, and 9 fetuses were unexposed. The weights of fetuses, placenta, and fetal lung were significantly lower in the GV group than the saline-inoculated control group [mean gross weight, GV (19.8 ± 3.8 g) vs. control (27.9 ± 1.7 g), p < 0.001; mean placenta weight, GV (5.5 ± 1.0 g) vs. control (6.5 ± 0.7 g), p = 0.027; mean fetal lung weight, GV (0.59 ± 0.11 g) vs. control (0.91 ± 0.08 g), p = 0.002. There was a two-fold increase in the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts in the placenta of the GV group than their littermate controls (82.9 ± 14.9 vs. 41.6 ± 13.4, p < 0.001). The mean alveolar septae of GV fetuses was significantly thicker than the control (14.8 ± 2.8 μm vs. 12.4 ± 3.8 μm, p = 0.007). Correspondingly, the proliferative index in the interalveolar septum was 1.8-fold higher in the GV group than controls (24.9 ± 6.6% vs. 14.2 ± 2.9%, p = 0.011). The number of alveoli and alveolar surface area did not vary between groups. Discussion: Low-dose intra-amniotic GV injection induces fetal growth restriction, increased placental multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts and fetal lung re-modeling characterized by alveolar septal hypertrophy with cellular proliferative changes. Conclusion: This intra-amniotic model could be utilized in future studies to elucidate the acute and chronic effects of GV intrauterine infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts
  15. Roszaman, R., Ghazali Ismail
    MyJurnal
    Choriocarcinoma is a malignant proliferation of syncytial trophoblast cells that do not form placental villi. It is a relatively rare and highly malignant variant of gestational trophoblastic disease. Although choriocarcinoma is mostly observed after a molar pregnancy, it may be preceded by any gestational event. It has been shown that even a partial mole can transform into choricarcinoma. Incidence rates of choriocarcinoma differ widely throughout the world. In Europe and North America, choriocarcinoma is reported to affect one in every 30,000 to 40,000 pregnancies, and one in 40 molar pregnancies. In South East Asia, choriocarcinoma is reported to affect one in every 500-3000 pregnancies. Following livebirth, choriocarcinoma with metastatic disease are important sequele (31%)(Tidy et al 1995). In the same study the reported median interval between antecedent pregnancy and choriocarcinoma is five months. Multi agent chemotherapy is required in the majority of patients (82%) for the high risk group. The prognosis for choriocarcinoma after a normal gestation is poorer. The mortality rate is also significantly higher than non-molar abortion (21%). Effective treatment with oral Methotrexate in metastatic choriocarcinoma to the lung confirmed the highly sensitive nature of this tumour to chemotherapy agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trophoblasts
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