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  1. Siti Khadijah A. Karim, Nik Marzuki Sidik
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1701-1708.
    Penggunaan penanda DNA boleh mengurangkan masalah dalam kultur tisu khususnya apabila diaplikasikan semasa
    pemilihan pokok untuk kultur tisu. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk membina penanda molekul
    bagi kultur tisu kelapa sawit prolifik dengan menggunakan teknik polimorfisme panjang cebisan teramplifikasi (AFLP).
    Analisis AFLP dijalankan ke atas 20 klon kelapa sawit yang terbahagi kepada tiga kelas iaitu klon tidak prolifik (10
    jenis klon), klon normal (6 jenis klon) dan klon prolifik (4 jenis klon). Kesemua klon yang digunakan adalah daripada
    titisan sel yang berbeza. Sebanyak 25 kombinasi pencetus telah digunakan dalam analisis AFLP dan 13 daripada mereka
    memberikan corak amplifikasi polimorfisme. Daripada hasil ini, sebanyak 44 cebisan polimorfik telah dipencilkan dengan
    33 cebisan adalah bagi klon tidak prolifik, 1 cebisan bagi normal dan 10 cebisan bagi klon prolifik. Cebisan ini telah
    diklon ke dalam plasmid, berjujukan dan seterusnya, analisis jujukan dijalankan. Sebanyak 36 cebisan polimorfik telah
    digunakan bagi kajian seterusnya. Berdasarkan kepada jujukan yang diperoleh, sepasang pencetus yang khusus kepada
    setiap cebisan telah dijana. Jangkaan julat saiz jalur DNA yang diamplifikasi bagi setiap pencetus adalah antara 70
    hingga 500 bp. Pasangan pencetus yang optimum diuji ke atas 20 jenis klon kelapa sawit untuk mengesahkan penanda
    yang telah dibina. Daripada 36 pasangan pencetus yang dibina, 2 pasang pencetus telah menunjukkan potensi untuk
    digunakan sebagai penanda kepada kultur tisu kelapa sawit prolifik.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  2. Hossain MA, Ali ME, Abd Hamid SB, Asing, Mustafa S, Mohd Desa MN, et al.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2016 Aug 17;64(32):6343-54.
    PMID: 27501408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02224
    Beef, buffalo, and pork adulteration in the food chain is an emerging and sensitive issue. Current molecular techniques to authenticate these species depend on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays involving long and single targets which break down under natural decomposition and/or processing treatments. This novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay targeted two different gene sites for each of the bovine, buffalo, and porcine materials. This authentication ensured better security, first through a complementation approach because it is highly unlikely that both sites will be missing under compromised states, and second through molecular fingerprints. Mitochondrial cytochrome b and ND5 genes were targeted, and all targets (73, 90, 106, 120, 138, and 146 bp) were stable under extreme boiling and autoclaving treatments. Target specificity and authenticity were ensured through cross-amplification reaction and restriction digestion of PCR products with AluI, EciI, FatI, and CviKI-1 enzymes. A survey of Malaysian frankfurter products revealed rampant substitution of beef with buffalo but purity in porcine materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis/methods*
  3. Takigahira T, Kohyama TI, Suwito A, Kimura MT
    Genetica, 2015 Jun;143(3):279-85.
    PMID: 25663497 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-015-9824-7
    Drosophila bipectinata from Iriomote-jima (IR) is susceptible to the endoparasitoid Leptopilina victoriae from Kota Kinabalu (L. victoriae KK), but D. bipectinata from Kota Kinabalu (KK) and Bogor (BG) is resistant. The cross experiments between the resistant (KK) and susceptible (IR) populations of D. bipectinata suggested that the resistance to this parasitoid is a dominant trait and controlled by a single locus or few linked loci on an autosome. In the AFLP analysis using the IR, KK and BG populations of D. bipectinata and the resistant and susceptible populations derived from a mixed population of these three geographic populations, a DNA fragment almost specific to susceptible flies was detected. It also revealed that genes from the IR population were more frequently maintained in the mixed population compared with those from the KK and BG populations, suggesting that at least a number of genes from the IR population are more advantageous under the laboratory conditions. This explains our previous results that the resistance was lowered in the mixed population although the resistance itself is suggested to incur only low costs; i.e., the resistance gene(s) from the KK and BG populations would have been linked with some genes that are disadvantageous under the laboratory conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  4. Tan, Soon Guan
    MyJurnal
    In various biological studies, for example those in population genetics, conservation biology, forensic science, gene mapping, breed, strain and population characterization and identification, marker assisted selection and the identification of cryptic species complexes, codominant genetic markers play important roles. The information that can be gained from them are far superior than those from dominant markers like random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), direct amplification of length polymorphisms (DALP) and randomly amplified microsatellites (RAM) or inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR).
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  5. Latif MA, Rafii MY, Mazid MS, Ali ME, Ahmed F, Omar MY, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:586831.
    PMID: 22593700 DOI: 10.1100/2012/586831
    Direct amplified length polymorphism (DALP) combines the advantages of a high-resolution fingerprint method and also characterizing the genetic polymorphisms. This molecular method was also found to be useful in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens species complex for the analysis of genetic polymorphisms. A total of 11 populations of Nilaparvata spp. were collected from 6 locations from Malaysia. Two sympatric populations of brown planthopper, N. lugens, one from rice and the other from a weed grass (Leersia hexandra), were collected from each of five locations. N. bakeri was used as an out group. Three oligonucleotide primer pairs, DALP231/DALPR'5, DALP234/DALPR'5, and DALP235/DALPR'5 were applied in this study. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on genetic distances for the 11 populations of Nilaparvata spp. revealed that populations belonging to the same species and the same host type clustered together irrespective of their geographical localities of capture. The populations of N. lugens formed into two distinct clusters, one was insects with high esterase activities usually captured from rice and the other was with low esterase activities usually captured from L. hexandra. N. bakeri, an out group, was the most isolated group. Analyses of principal components, molecular variance, and robustness also supported greatly to the findings of cluster analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis/methods*
  6. Tan JY, Lian LH, Nadarajan VS
    Blood Transfus, 2012 Jul;10(3):368-76.
    PMID: 22682339 DOI: 10.2450/2012.0095-11
    Human platelet antigens (HPA) are determinant in several platelet-specific alloimmune disorders, such as neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, post-transfusion purpura and platelet transfusion refractoriness. The distribution of HPA systems in the Malaysian population is not known. Defining the patterns of HPA systems provides a basis for risk assessment and management of the above complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis/methods
  7. Nguyen VX, Detcharoen M, Tuntiprapas P, Soe-Htun U, Sidik JB, Harah MZ, et al.
    BMC Evol. Biol., 2014 Apr 30;14:92.
    PMID: 24886000 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-92
    BACKGROUND: The Indo-Pacific region has the largest number of seagrass species worldwide and this region is considered as the origin of the Hydrocharitaceae. Halophila ovalis and its closely-related species belonging to the Hydrocharitaceae are well-known as a complex taxonomic challenge mainly due to their high morphological plasticity. The relationship of genetic differentiation and geographic barriers of H. ovalis radiation was not much studied in this region. Are there misidentifications between H. ovalis and its closely related species? Does any taxonomic uncertainty among different populations of H. ovalis persist? Is there any genetic differentiation among populations in the Western Pacific and the Eastern Indian Ocean, which are separated by the Thai-Malay peninsula? Genetic markers can be used to characterize and identify individuals or species and will be used to answer these questions.

    RESULTS: Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region based on materials collected from 17 populations in the Western Pacific and the Eastern Indian Ocean showed that some specimens identified as H. ovalis belonged to the H. major clade, also supported by morphological data. Evolutionary divergence between the two clades is between 0.033 and 0.038, much higher than the evolutionary divergence among H. ovalis populations. Eight haplotypes were found; none of the haplotypes from the Western Pacific is found in India and vice versa. Analysis of genetic diversity based on microsatellite analysis revealed that the genetic diversity in the Western Pacific is higher than in the Eastern Indian Ocean. The unrooted neighbor-joining tree among 14 populations from the Western Pacific and the Eastern Indian Ocean showed six groups. The Mantel test results revealed a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances among populations. Results from band-based and allele frequency-based approaches from Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism showed that all samples collected from both sides of the Thai-Malay peninsula were clustered into two clades: Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our study documented the new records of H. major for Malaysia and Myanmar. The study also revealed that the Thai-Malay peninsula is a geographic barrier between H. ovalis populations in the Western Pacific and the Eastern Indian Ocean.

    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  8. Ting NC, Jansen J, Mayes S, Massawe F, Sambanthamurthi R, Ooi LC, et al.
    BMC Genomics, 2014;15:309.
    PMID: 24767304 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-309
    Oil palm is an important perennial oil crop with an extremely long selection cycle of 10 to 12 years. As such, any tool that speeds up its genetic improvement process, such as marker-assisted breeding is invaluable. Previously, genetic linkage maps based on AFLP, RFLP and SSR markers were developed and QTLs for fatty acid composition and yield components identified. High density genetic maps of crosses of different genetic backgrounds are indispensable tools for investigating oil palm genetics. They are also useful for comparative mapping analyses to identify markers closely linked to traits of interest.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  9. Sudheer Pamidimarri DV, Reddy MP
    Mol Biol Rep, 2014 May;41(5):3225-34.
    PMID: 24469734 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3185-7
    Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) has acquired a great importance as a renewable source of energy with a number of environmental benefits. Very few attempts were made to understand the extent of genetic diversity and its distribution. This study was aimed to study the diversity and deduce the phylogeography of Jatropha curcas L. which is said to be the most primitive species of the genus Jatropha. Here we studied the intraspecific genetic diversity of the species distributed in different parts of the globe. The study also focused to understand the molecular diversity at reported probable center of origin (Mexico), and to reveal the dispersal route to other regions based on random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism and nrDNA-ITS sequences data. The overall genetic diversity of J. curcas found in the present study was narrow. The highest genetic diversity was observed in the germplasm collected from Mexico and supports the earlier hypothesis based on morphological data and natural distribution, it is the center for origin of the species. Least genetic diversity found in the Indian germplasm and clustering results revealed that the species was introduced simultaneously by two distinct germplasm and subsequently distributed in different parts of India. The present molecular data further revealed that J. curcas might have spread from the center of the origin to Cape Verde, than to Spain, Portuguese to other neighboring countries and simultaneously to Africa. The molecular evidence supports the Burkill et al. (A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula, Governments of Malaysia and Singapore by the Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1966) view of Portuguese might have introduced the species to India. The clustering pattern suggests that the distribution was interfered by human activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  10. Seng TY, Mohamed Saad SH, Chin CW, Ting NC, Harminder Singh RS, Qamaruz Zaman F, et al.
    PLoS One, 2011;6(11):e26593.
    PMID: 22069457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026593
    Enroute to mapping QTLs for yield components in oil palm, we constructed the linkage map of a FELDA high yielding oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), hybrid cross. The parents of the mapping population are a Deli dura and a pisifera of Yangambi origin. The cross out-yielded the average by 8-21% in four trials all of which yielded comparably to the best current commercial planting materials. The higher yield derived from a higher fruit oil content. SSR markers in the public domain - from CIRAD and MPOB, as well as some developed in FELDA - were used for the mapping, augmented by locally-designed AFLP markers. The female parent linkage map comprised 317 marker loci and the male parent map 331 loci, both in 16 linkage groups each. The number of markers per group ranged from 8-47 in the former and 12-40 in the latter. The integrated map was 2,247.5 cM long and included 479 markers and 168 anchor points. The number of markers per linkage group was 15-57, the average being 29, and the average map density 4.7 cM. The linkage groups ranged in length from 77.5 cM to 223.7 cM, with an average of 137 cM. The map is currently being validated against a closely related population and also being expanded to include yield related QTLs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  11. Singh R, Tan SG, Panandam JM, Rahman RA, Ooi LC, Low ET, et al.
    BMC Plant Biol, 2009;9:114.
    PMID: 19706196 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-114
    Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) is well suited to a perennial crop like oil palm, in which the economic products are not produced until several years after planting. The use of DNA markers for selection in such crops can greatly reduce the number of breeding cycles needed. With the use of DNA markers, informed decisions can be made at the nursery stage, regarding which individuals should be retained as breeding stock, which are satisfactory for agricultural production, and which should be culled. The trait associated with oil quality, measured in terms of its fatty acid composition, is an important agronomic trait that can eventually be tracked using molecular markers. This will speed up the production of new and improved oil palm planting materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  12. Javanmard A, Azadzadeh N, Esmailizadeh AK
    Vet Res Commun, 2011 Mar;35(3):157-67.
    PMID: 21327517 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-011-9467-9
    The objective of this study was to investigate association between GDF9 and BMP15 gene polymorphism and litter size in fat-tailed sheep, a total of 97 mature ewes from four breeds (Afshari=19; Baluchi=18; Makui=30 and Mehraban=30) were genotyped for the BMP15 HinfI and GDF9 HhaI polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique. The highest and lowest mutant allele frequencies were found in Makui (0.27) and Afshari (0.10) sheep for the BMP15 gene and in Afshari (0.24) and Mehraban (0.18) sheep for the GDF9 gene, respectively. Litter size was significantly influenced by genotype of the ewe for two genes (P < 0.01). Heterozygous genotypes for both loci showed higher litter size than homozygous genotypes (P < 0.01). None of the individuals carried homozygous genotype for both of the GDF9 and BMP15 variants in these breeds. The individuals carrying the mutant allele for one of the investigated candidate gene still showed fertile phenotype. Thus, existence of homozygosity at one of the BMP15 and GDF9 variant is not probably able to block normal hormonal pathway of reproduction in fat-tailed sheep.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  13. Kamal Azam NK, Selvarajah GT, Santhanam J, Abdul Razak MF, Ginsapu SJ, James JE, et al.
    Med Mycol, 2020 Jul 01;58(5):617-625.
    PMID: 31642485 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz106
    Sporothrix schenkii is a dimorphic fungus that causes infections in both humans and animals. We report on 25 S. schenkii isolates collected in 2017 from humans and cats clinically diagnosed with sporotrichosis, in Malaysia. These isolates were phenotypically identified as S. schenkii sensu lato and further defined as S. schenckii sensu stricto based on partial calmodulin gene sequence. Isolates from both humans and cats were genotypically identical but displayed phenotypic variation. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial calmodulin sequence showed that the Malaysian isolates clustered with global S. schenkii sensu stricto strains, in particular, of the AFLP type E. This analysis also revealed that partial calmodulin sequence alone was sufficient for classifying global S. schenckii sensu stricto strains into their respective AFLP types, from A to E. The genetically conserved S. schenkii sensu stricto species isolated from humans and cats is suggestive of a clonal strain present in Malaysia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on molecular identification of Sporothrix schenkii strains from human infections in Malaysia. Further studies are required in order to elucidate the clonal nature of Malaysian S. schenkii isolates. Our findings indicate the presence of a predominant S. schenkii genotype in the environment, causing infections in both cats and humans in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  14. Naidu R, Har YC, Taib NA
    Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 2011 Oct;71(6):500-6.
    PMID: 21745146 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2011.590223
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the peptidyl-propyl-cis/trans isomerase 1 (PIN1) -842(G > C) and -667(T > C) polymorphic variants and breast cancer risk among Malaysian ethnic groups namely the Malays, Chinese and Indians, as well as clinico-pathological characteristics of the patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  15. Boo NY, Sin S, Chee SC, Mohamed M, Ahluwalia AK, Ling MM, et al.
    J Trop Pediatr, 2020 12 01;66(6):569-582.
    PMID: 32577754 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa016
    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether maternal-fetal blood group isoimmunization, breastfeeding, birth trauma, age when first total serum bilirubin (TSB) was measured, age of admission, and genetic predispositions to hemolysis [due to genetic variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme], and reduced hepatic uptake and/or conjugation of serum bilirubin [due to genetic variants of solute carrier organic anion transporter protein family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 (UGT1A1)] were significant risk factors associated with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (SNH, TSB ≥ 342µmol/l) in jaundiced term neonates admitted for phototherapy.

    METHODS: The inclusion criteria were normal term neonates (gestation ≥ 37 weeks). Parents/care-givers were interviewed to obtain data on demography, clinical problems, feeding practice and age when first TSB was measured. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to detect common G6PD, UGT1A1 and SLCO1B1 variants on each neonate's dry blood specimens.

    RESULTS: Of 1121 jaundiced neonates recruited, 232 had SNH. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (in days) when first TSB was measured [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.395; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.094-1.779], age (in days) of admission (aOR = 1.127; 95% CI 1.007-1.260) and genetic mutant UGT1A1 promoter A(TA)7TAA (aOR = 4.900; 95% CI 3.103-7.739), UGT1A1 c.686C>A (aOR = 6.095; 95% CI 1.549-23.985), SLCO1B1 c.388G>A (aOR = 1.807; 95% CI 1.242-2.629) and G6PD variants and/or abnormal G6PD screening test (aOR = 2.077; 95% CI 1.025-4.209) were significantly associated with SNH.

    CONCLUSION: Genetic predisposition, and delayed measuring first TSB and commencing phototherapy increased risk of SNH.

    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  16. Huri HZ, Makmor-Bakry M, Hashim R, Mustafa N, Wan Ngah WZ
    Int J Clin Pharm, 2012 Dec;34(6):863-70.
    PMID: 22869200 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-012-9682-7
    BACKGROUND: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are frequently admitted to the hospital with severe or acute hyperglycaemia secondary to an acute illness or disease. Uncontrolled glycaemia is a significant problem during severe or acute hyperglycaemia.

    OBJECTIVE: This study sought to identify demographic, clinical, and genetic factors that may contribute to increased insulin resistance or worsening of glycaemic control in patients with T2DM.

    SETTING: This prospective cohort study included 156 patients with T2DM and severe or acute hyperglycaemia who were treated with insulin at any medical ward of the National University of Malaysia Medical Centre.

    METHOD: Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index. Glycaemic control during the episode of hyperglycaemia was assessed as the degree to which the patient achieved the target glucose levels. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to identify polymorphisms in insulin receptor substrate (IRS) genes.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Identification of possible predictors (demographic, clinical, or genetic) for insulin resistance and glycaemic control during severe/acute hyperglycaemia.

    RESULTS: A polymorphism in IRS1, r.2963 G>A (p.Gly972Arg), was a significant predictor of both insulin resistance [odds ratios (OR) 4.48; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.2-16.7; P = 0.03) and worsening of glycaemic control (OR 6.04; 95 % CI 0.6-64.6; P = 0.02). The use of loop diuretics (P < 0.05) and antibiotics (P < 0.05) may indirectly predict worsening of insulin resistance or glycaemic control in patients with severe/acute hyperglycaemia.

    CONCLUSION: Clinical and genetic factors contribute to worsening of insulin resistance and glycaemic control during severe/acute hyperglycaemia in patients with T2DM. Early identification of factors that may influence insulin resistance and glycaemic control may help to achieve optimal glycaemic control during severe/acute hyperglycaemia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
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