Browse publications by year: 2017

  1. Samat, N.A., Pei Zhen, W.
    MyJurnal
    In the study of disease mapping, relative risk estimation is the focus of analysis. Many methods have
    been introduced to estimate relative risk. In this paper, one of the common spatial models known as
    Besag, York and Mollié (BYM) model is discussed, and its application to dengue data for epidemiology
    weeks 1 to 52 of the year 2013 for 16 states in Malaysia is studied. Findings show that Selangor has the highest relative risk of dengue in comparison with other states. Data on the estimated relative risks are presented in the form of risk maps which can be used as a tool for the prevention and control of dengue.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Dengue; Malaysia; Paper; Poecilia; Risk
  2. Shuja’, N., Lazim, M.A., Yap, B.W.
    MyJurnal
    Input-Output analysis provides important information about the structure of a country’s economy. The construction of input-output tables based on detailed census or surveys is a complex procedure requiring substantial financial outlay, human capital, and time. This is the main reason why Malaysia Input-Output (MIO) Table is produced and published on average once every five years. For policy makers past data is not seen as suitable for planning economic policies. The aim of this study is to compare RAS and Euro methods to project input-output tables for Malaysia. The data for the study are MIO table and Gross Domestic Product for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010. The RAS and Euro method were used to project the MIO table 2005 using MIO table 2000 and also projection of MIO table 2010 using MIO table 2005. The projection of I-O tables involved an intensive iterative procedure using Excel Visual Basic programming. The projection performance of RAS and Euro methods were assessed based on Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Dissimilarity Index (DI). The results show that Euro method performed better than the RAS method in the projection of MIO table.
    MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel; Humans; Malaysia; Projection; Surveys and Questionnaires; Censuses; Intention; Gross Domestic Product
  3. Marzuki, R.M., Mohd, M.A., Nawawi, A.H.M., Redzwan, N.M.
    MyJurnal
    Single Stock Futures (SSFs) was introduced in Bursa Malaysia on 28th April 2006. There have been many studies on derivative instruments in Malaysia; however, none is on SSFs. Various statistical methods have been used to analyse the SSFs and its spot returns, namely Descriptive Statistics, Unit Root test, VAR, Johansen and Juselius Co-integration test, Granger Causality test, Variance Decomposition test, VECM, and GARCH model. This study analyses the SSFs and spot returns of eight companies listed in Bursa Malaysia. It found that Berjaya Sports Toto Bhd and Genting Bhd have no long-run and short-run causality (Genting Bhd has bi-directional causality) while AirAsia Bhd and AMMB Holdings Bhd’s spot returns’ volatility decreased after the introduction of SSFs; it increased in the other seven companies. In addition, only AMMB Holdings Bhd futures return did not affect its spot return. Bursa Malaysia Bhd and RHB Capital Bhd spot returns lead their futures returns
    MeSH terms: Malaysia; Nuclear Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Sports; Transcription Factors; Volatilization; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
  4. Mansor, M.A., Kasihmuddin, M.S.M., Sathasivam, S.
    MyJurnal
    The artificial immune system (AIS) algorithm is a heuristic technique inspired by the biological immune
    system. The biological immune system has been proven to be a robust system that defends our body
    from any pathogen attacks. This paper presents a hybrid paradigm by implementing the Hopfield neural
    network integrated with enhanced AIS for solving a 3-Satisfiability (3-SAT) problem. Fundamentally, a
    3-Satisfiability problem is used as an ideal optimisation problem by neural network practitioners in their
    research. The core impetus of this study was to compare the performance of artificial immune system
    (AIS) algorithm and brute-force search (BFS) algorithm in doing 3-SAT logic programming. Microsoft
    Visual C++ 2013 was used as a dynamic platform for training, simulating and testing of the network.
    We restricted our analysis to 3-Satisfiability (3-SAT) clauses. The performances of both paradigms were
    analysed according to the following measures, namely, global minima ratio, global Hamming distance,
    fitness landscape value and computational time. The experimental results successfully depicted the
    robustness of the AIS compared to the BFS algorithm. The work presented here has profound implications
    for future studies of AIS to solve more complicated NP problems.
  5. Mahmood, Ehab A., Rana, Sohel, Midi, Habshah, Hussin, Abdul Ghapor
    MyJurnal
    Circular data analysis is a particular branch of statistics that sits somewhere between the analysis of linear
    data and the analysis of spherical data. Circular data are used in many scientific fields. The efficiency
    of the statistical methods that are applied depends on the accuracy of the data in the study. However,
    circular data may have outliers that cannot be deleted. If this is the case, we have two ways to avoid the
    effect of outliers. First, we can apply robust methods for statistical estimations. Second, we can adjust
    the outliers using the other clean data points in the dataset. In this paper, we focus on adjusting outliers in
    circular data using the circular distance between the circular data points and the circular mean direction.
    The proposed procedure is tested by applying it to a simulation study and to real data sets. The results
    show that the proposed procedure can adjust outliers according to the measures used in the paper.
  6. Nur Farhana A.R., Amin I., Sadeq Hassan A.S., Shuhaimi M.
    MyJurnal
    Okra plant particularly its fruit is highly mucilage which composed of pectin and high content of carbohydrate. Byproducts of okra plant such as leaves and matured fruits will be discarded whenever the young fruits are harvested which eventually leads to environmental pollution. Those byproducts have potential to become plant-based alternative for bovine and pork related gelatin. This study aimed to determine the gel formation of pectin extracted from okra plant byproducts particularly the leaves, pulp (skin without seeds) and seeds. Pectin was extracted using a sequential extraction with the applications of hot buffer (HB) and hot buffer with chelating agents (CH). CH extraction gave the highest pectin yield (>40%) compared to HB and DA. The HB fraction harbored highly purified pectin due to high anhydro uronic acid content and degree of esterification. The highest pectin yield was extracted from seeds with an overall fraction yield of 86%, followed by the leaves (75%) and pulp (71%). The pectin was blended with konjac glucomannan (KG) in 5.0:1.6 ratio to form gel and stored for 16 - 18hr at 4°C ± 1.0. The gel formed using HB extraction was found to have significantly lower (p < 0.05) gel strength than HB with CH extraction. This study concluded that HB and CH pectin extracts derived from okra leaves, pulp and seeds have good potential to become gelling agent.
    MeSH terms: Red Meat; Animals; Cattle; Chelating Agents; Environmental Pollution; Esterification; Fruit; Gelatin; Mannans; Pectins; Seeds; Swine; Uronic Acids; Abelmoschus; Amorphophallus
  7. Azimah, R., Azrina, A., Khoo, H.E.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to determine hydrolytic stability [acid value (AV)] and oxidative stability [peroxide value (PV) and conjugated dienes (CD)] of selected blended oils during potato frying. The blended oils were prepared by blending palm oil with corn oil (POCO), sesame oil (POSO) and rice bran oil (PORBO). Blended vegetable oils were prepared in a ratio of 1 to 1 (v/v) and tested for 0, 10 and 20 times after frying potato. AV and PV were determined by titration method, while CD was determined using the spectrophotometric method. Increasing frequency of oil frying contributed to increased level of AV in all blended oils. PVs were increased in all samples, with most noticeable increment observed in POSO, followed by PORBO and POCO. CD levels of the blended oils were also increased after 20 times of potato frying compared with the unused oil and after 10 times of frying. POCO was the most stable oil in terms of hydrolytic and oxidative stabilities. It is most suitable for deep-fat frying of potato chips and industrial application.
    MeSH terms: Corn Oil; Hydrolysis; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxides; Plant Oils; Solanum tuberosum; Sesame Oil; Vegetables
  8. Shaari, N.A., Sulaiman, R., Cheok, C.Y.
    MyJurnal
    Starch and hydrocolloids were often used together in food industry to modify the rheological properties with the aim to enhance the starch tolerance to processing conditions. As such, the rheological properties of xanthan gum (XG), carrageenan, high (HMP) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP), with native corn starch (NCS) and modified corn starch (MCS) at different temperature were evaluated in this study. The flow behavior index (n) of corn starch-hydrocolloid mixtures were observed in the range from 0.160 to 0.604 where indicated the shear thinning behavior. The addition of hydrocolloids increased the apparent viscosity of the starch system. NCS mixtures showed consistency index (K) and apparent viscosities (na,100) decreased with increase in the temperature. The addition of XG and carrageenan increased the storage (G’) and loss (G”) moduli. Among the hydrocolloids, the XG addition to the NCS exhibited superior viscoelastic properties as evidenced by the highest G’ and lowest tan δ values. XG was observed capable to increase while pectin reduced the solid-like starch system. This result provides pragmatic data for food engineer in process design and food product development by minimizing the cost of trial and error.
    MeSH terms: Carrageenan; Colloids; Zea mays; Food Handling; Pectins; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Rheology; Starch; Temperature; Viscosity
  9. Mohamad, N.S., Sulaiman, R., Lai, O.M., Hussain, N.
    MyJurnal
    Fruit industries require convenient peeling method, especially during puree processing to prevent deterioration of fruit quality and product loss. Therefore, manual, chemical (sodium hydroxide/NaOH) and enzymatic (Pectinex Ultra SP-L) peeling methods were compared to determine the peeling efficiencies of ‘Chok Anan’ mangoes. The effect of different peeling parameters (concentrations [chemical peeling: 1.6-7.3% of 0.4M-1.83M; enzymatic peeling: 0.005-0.095%], temperatures [chemical peeling: 80-95oC; enzymatic peeling: 25-40°C], and duration of soaking [chemical peeling: 5-10 min; enzymatic peeling: 30-120 min]) were evaluated for peeling yield, peeling time, absorption of chemical and enzyme solution, the penetration depth of NaOH and enzyme activities (reducing sugar analysis). The enzymatic peeling had significantly (p0.05) in peeling yield (>86%), but there was significant (p
    MeSH terms: Choline Kinase; Fruit; Sodium Hydroxide; Temperature; Mangifera; Imidazolidines
  10. Yap WY, Che Ab Aziz ZA, Azami NH, Al-Haddad AY, Khan AA
    Med Princ Pract, 2017;26(5):464-469.
    PMID: 28934753 DOI: 10.1159/000481623
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the push-out bond strength and failure modes of different sealers/obturation systems to intraradicular dentin at 2 weeks and 3 months after obturation compared to AH Plus®/gutta-percha.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 180 root slices from 60 single-canal anterior teeth were prepared and assigned to 5 experimental groups (n = 36 in each group), designated as G1 (AH Plus®/gutta-percha), G2 (TotalFill BC™ sealer/BC-coated gutta-percha), G3 (TotalFill BC™ sealer/gutta-percha), G4 (EndoREZ® sealer/EndoREZ®-coated gutta-percha), and G5 (EndoREZ® sealer/gutta-percha). Push-out bond strengths of 18 root slices in each group were assessed at 2 weeks and the other 18 at 3 months after obturation using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. An independent t test was used to compare the mean push-out bond strength for each group at 2 weeks and 3 months after obturation.

    RESULTS: The mean push-out bond strengths of G4 and G5 were significantly lower than those of G1, G2, and G3 (p < 0.05) at both 2 weeks (G1: 1.46 ± 0.29 MPa, G2: 1.74 ± 0.43 MPa, G3: 1.74 ± 0.43 MPa, G4: 0.66 ± 0.31 MPa, G5: 0.74 ± 0.47 MPa) and 3 months after obturation (G1: 1.70 ± 1.05 MPa, G2: 3.69 ± 1.20 MPa, G3: 2.84 ± 0.83 MPa, G4: 0.14 ± 0.05 MPa, G5: 0.24 ± 0.10 MPa). The mean push-out bond strengths of G2 (3.69 ± 1.20 MPa) and G3 (2.84 ± 0.83 MPa) were higher at 3 months compared to 2 weeks after obturation (G2: 1.74 ± 0.43 MPa, G3: 1.33 ± 0.29 MPa).

    CONCLUSION: The TotalFill BC™ obturation system (G2) and the TotalFill BC™ sealer/gutta-percha (G3) showed comparable bond strength to AH Plus®. Their bond strength increased over time, whereas the EndoREZ® obturation system (G4) and EndoREZ sealer (G5) had low push-out bond strength which decreased over time.

    MeSH terms: Epoxy Resins/chemistry; Gutta-Percha/chemistry; Humans; Methacrylates/chemistry; Root Canal Filling Materials/chemistry*; Root Canal Obturation/methods*; Calcium Compounds/chemistry; Silicates/chemistry
  11. Samer MS, Faraz Q, Al-Dubai SAR, Vohra F, Abdullah H, Taiyeb-Ali TB, et al.
    Med Princ Pract, 2017;26(5):470-479.
    PMID: 28965115 DOI: 10.1159/000481864
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes and predictors of satisfaction in patients with lithium disilicate (LD) ceramic crowns.

    SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical outcomes were assessed in 47 patients with 88 LD crowns using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) evaluation criteria and survival rates. The questionnaire for predictors included 3 aspects: (a) sociodemographic characteristics, (b) oral health habits (tooth brushing frequency, flossing frequency, and dental visits), and (c) satisfaction of the restorations (aesthetics, function, fit, cleansability, and chewing ability of the crowns, and overall satisfaction). Frequency distributions were computed using univariate and multivariate analysis. The Student t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare means across variables. Correlation analysis was done to assess the association between continuous variables.

    RESULTS: The age of crowns was 34.7 ± 9.7 months. The survival rate was 96.6% at 35.9 ± 9.2 months. There was a significant association between successful crown function and oral hygiene measures: tooth brushing (p˂ 0.001), dental visits (p = 0.006), and flossing (p = 0.009). A strong negative correlation was observed between aesthetic satisfaction (r = -0.717, p˂ 0.001) and chewing ability (r = -0.639, p˂ 0.001) with crown age. The linear regression model was significant for all predictors (p < 0.05) except overall satisfaction (p > 0.05).

    CONCLUSION: The LD crowns had long survival rates of 96.6% up to 35.9 ± 9.2 months and provided satisfactory clinical performance (low risk of failure). Oral hygiene habits such as brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits influenced patient satisfaction with LD crowns.

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crowns*; Dental Porcelain*; Esthetics, Dental; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Mastication; Middle Aged; Oral Hygiene; Socioeconomic Factors; Patient Satisfaction*; Resin Cements; Young Adult
  12. Ng KC, Sheu TWH
    Phys Rev E, 2017 Oct;96(4-1):043302.
    PMID: 29347538 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.96.043302
    It has been observed previously that the physical behaviors of Schmidt number (Sc) and Prandtl number (Pr) of an energy-conserving dissipative particle dynamics (eDPD) fluid can be reproduced by the temperature-dependent weight function appearing in the dissipative force term. In this paper, we proposed a simple and systematic method to develop the temperature-dependent weight function in order to better reproduce the physical fluid properties. The method was then used to study a variety of phase-change problems involving solidification. The concept of the "mushy" eDPD particle was introduced in order to better capture the temperature profile in the vicinity of the solid-liquid interface, particularly for the case involving high thermal conductivity ratio. Meanwhile, a way to implement the constant temperature boundary condition at the wall was presented. The numerical solutions of one- and two-dimensional solidification problems were then compared with the analytical solutions and/or experimental results and the agreements were promising.
    MeSH terms: Body Weights and Measures; Temperature; Thermal Conductivity; Physical Phenomena; Mechanical Phenomena; Hydrodynamics
  13. Abd Jalil A, Khaza'ai H, Nordin N, Mansor N, Zaulkffali AS
    PMID: 29348770 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6048936
    Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Excessive concentrations of glutamate in the brain can be excitotoxic and cause oxidative stress, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, the effects of vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and alpha-tocopherol (α-TCP) in modulating the glutamate receptor and neuron injury markers in an in vitro model of oxidative stress in neural-derived embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures were elucidated. A transgenic mouse ES cell line (46C) was differentiated into a neural lineage in vitro via induction with retinoic acid. These cells were then subjected to oxidative stress with a significantly high concentration of glutamate. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was performed after inducing glutamate excitotoxicity, and recovery from this toxicity in response to vitamin E was determined. The gene expression levels of glutamate receptors and neuron-specific enolase were elucidated using real-time PCR. The results reveal that neural cells derived from 46C cells and subjected to oxidative stress exhibit downregulation of NMDA, kainate receptor, and NSE after posttreatment with different concentrations of TRF and α-TCP, a sign of neurorecovery. Treatment of either TRF or α-TCP reduced the levels of ROS in neural cells subjected to glutamate-induced oxidative stress; these results indicated that vitamin E is a potent antioxidant.
    MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Antioxidants; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Tretinoin; Vitamin E; Down-Regulation; N-Methylaspartate; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Glutamic Acid; alpha-Tocopherol; Tocotrienols; Mice; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  14. Mazlan M, Hamezah HS, Taridi NM, Jing Y, Liu P, Zhang H, et al.
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2017;2017:6019796.
    PMID: 29348790 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6019796
    Accumulating evidence suggests that altered arginine metabolism is involved in the aging and neurodegenerative processes. This study sought to determine the effects of age and vitamin E supplementation in the form of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on brain arginine metabolism. Male Wistar rats at ages of 3 and 21 months were supplemented with TRF orally for 3 months prior to the dissection of tissue from five brain regions. The tissue concentrations of L-arginine and its nine downstream metabolites were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found age-related alterations in L-arginine metabolites in the chemical- and region-specific manners. Moreover, TRF supplementation reversed age-associated changes in arginine metabolites in the entorhinal cortex and cerebellum. Multiple regression analysis revealed a number of significant neurochemical-behavioral correlations, indicating the beneficial effects of TRF supplementation on memory and motor function.
    MeSH terms: Aging/physiology*; Amino Acids/metabolism*; Animals; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Arginine/drug effects; Arginine/metabolism*; Brain/drug effects; Brain/metabolism*; Male; Polyamines/metabolism*; Rats, Wistar; Dietary Supplements*; Tocotrienols/pharmacology*; Rats
  15. Vijayasingham L, Jogulu U, Allotey P
    Mult Scler Int, 2017;2017:8010912.
    PMID: 29348937 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8010912
    Individuals with multiple sclerosis have a tendency to make early decisions for work change, even in reversible, episodic, or mild disease stages. To better understand how a multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis influences perceptions of work and motivations for work changes, we conducted a hermeneutic phenomenology study to explore the work lives of ten individuals with MS in Malaysia. The interpretive analysis and cumulative narratives depict an overarching change in their concept of ideal work and life aspirations and how participants make preemptive work changes to manage illness-work-life futures in subjectively meaningful ways. Discussions on their integrated pursuit of finding dynamic and subjective illness-work-life balance include reconciling the problem of hard work and stress on disease activity and progress, making positive lifestyle changes as health management behaviour, and the motivational influence of their own life and family roles: the consideration of their spouses, parents, and children. At an action level, work change was seen as moral and necessary for the management of illness futures. Our findings contribute insights on how individual perceptions and holistic life management decisions contribute to on-going and disrupted work trajectories, which can inform practice and policy on early interventions to support continued employment.
  16. Hanafi HR, Zakaria ZA
    Case Rep Obstet Gynecol, 2017;2017:9821213.
    PMID: 29348951 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9821213
    Thoracoschisis is a rare congenital malformation characterized by herniation of the abdominal content through a defect in the thorax. There are previously 12 reported cases, most discussing the postnatal findings and management. Here we describe a case of left thoracoschisis with associated upper limb abnormality which was diagnosed antenatally with the aid of 3D ultrasound.
    MeSH terms: Abdomen; Hernia; Thorax; Limb Deformities, Congenital
  17. Faseleh Jahromi M, Shokryazdan P, Idrus Z, Ebrahimi R, Bashokouh F, Liang JB
    Biomed Res Int, 2017;2017:2576921.
    PMID: 29349067 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2576921
    To investigate the prebiotic and immunomodulatory effects of PKC extract (OligoPKC) a total of 24 male rats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups receiving basal diet (control), basal diet containing 0.5% OligoPKC, or basal diet containing 1% OligoPKC for four weeks. We found that OligoPKC had no significant effect on the tested growth parameters. However, it increased the size of the total and beneficial bacterial populations while reducing pathogen populations. OligoPKC increased the concentration of immunoglobulins in the serum and cecal contents of rats. It also enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the liver while reducing lipid peroxidation in liver tissue. OligoPKC affected the expression of genes involved in immune system function in the intestine. Therefore, OligoPKC could be considered a potential mannan-based prebiotic for humans and animals due to its beneficial effects on the health and well-being of the model rats.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Cecum/drug effects; Cecum/immunology; Immunoglobulins/analysis; Jejunum/drug effects; Jejunum/immunology; Liver/drug effects; Liver/immunology; Liver/metabolism; Male; Random Allocation; Seeds/chemistry; Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects; Gene Expression/drug effects; Gene Expression/immunology; Cytokines/analysis; Cytokines/genetics; Cytokines/immunology; Cytokines/metabolism; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Arecaceae*; Rats
  18. Shariffa, Y.N., Uthumporn, U., Karim, A.A., Zaibunnisa, A.H
    MyJurnal
    This study investigated the effect of annealing treatment (at 50°C for 72 h) on hydrolysis of tapioca and sweet potato starches using a raw starch hydrolyzing enzyme namely STARGEN 001 (a blend from fungal α-amylase and glucoamylase) at sub-gelatinization temperature (35°C) for 24 h. The degree of hydrolysis of the starches was evaluated based on the dextrose equivalent (DE) value. The hydrolyzed starches were then characterized in terms of its morphology, swelling power and solubility, gelatinization and pasting properties, amylose content and x-ray diffraction pattern. After 24 h of hydrolysis, annealed starches were hydrolyzed to a greater degree with higher DE value compared to native starches (40% vs 33% for tapioca; and 29% vs 24% for sweet potato starch). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed a more porous granules and rougher surface in annealed starches than their native counterparts. The swelling power and solubility of annealed starches decreased significantly. Annealing was found to affect the pasting properties of the starches appreciably and increase the starch gelatinization temperature. The amylose content in hydrolyzed annealed tapioca and sweet potato starches increased while no significant changes observed in the X-ray diffraction of those starches. This study shows that the annealing treatment can be used as a way to increase the degree of hydrolysis of tapioca and sweet potato starches at sub-gelatinization temperature using a raw starch hydrolyzing enzyme.
    MeSH terms: alpha-Amylases; Amylose; Manihot; Edible Grain; Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase; Gelatin; Glucose; Hydrolysis; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Solubility; Starch; Temperature; X-Ray Diffraction; Porosity; Ipomoea batatas
  19. Nor, M.H.M., Nazmi, N.N.M., Sarbon, N.M.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to investigate the functional properties of chicken skin gelatin films with varied concentrations of a hydrophilic plasticizer. Gelatin film solutions with different glycerol concentrations A(control), B(5%), C(10%), D(15%) and E(20%), were stirred at 45°C for 20min and oven dried at 45°C. Film characterization determination were included, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility, transparency, moisture content, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (X-RD). Glycerol added resulted in improvement of TS and WVP properties. Film B (5% glycerol) demonstrated low EAB (106%), WVP (0.0175 g.mm/h.m2.k.Pa) and solubility (58.64%), but with high TS (3.64 MPa), moisture content (16.0%), UV light transmission (0.04%) and transparency (0.81) compared to films C, D and E. FTIR spectrum analyses demonstrated an aliphatic alcohol group only for Film E (20% glycerol). Hence, chicken skin gelatin film at 5% glycerol concentration showed the most promising potential for industrial food processing applications.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Chickens; Food Handling; Gelatin; Glycerol; Permeability; Plasticizers; Skin; Solubility; Steam; Tensile Strength; Ultraviolet Rays; X-Ray Diffraction; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
  20. Julismah Jani, Norkhalid Salimin, Mohd Izwan Shahril
    MyJurnal
    The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of coaching module based on Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) towards the performance of school netball players. The assessment of the performance of players was in the aspects of decision-making, choosing and using attack and defense strategy at the right time and place during netball game situation. This study also examined the relationship of the module with the performance of the players as well as the comparison between the experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 14 netball players in selected secondary schools. The players had gone through four-weeks training with three training series each week which used the module based on three types of modified games. The results showed that the performance of players in using attack strategy was very high whereas the aspects of decision making and defense strategy were at good level. There was a strong and significant positive relationship between the uses of module with performance of the players in netball game. Also, there was performance difference between the groups using the module with group not using the module. All coaches and players agreed that the module had a high impact on players’ performance in netball game. It can be concluded the coaching module based on TGfU has a high impact on players' performance in the aspects of decision-making, choosing and using attack and defense strategy at the right time and place during netball game. The implication of this study was to incorporate the thinking culture of players in playing netball and help the school coaches to track the player's learning level and the ability in decisionmaking skills.
External Links