Penyerapan akar gigi apeks luaran (PAAL) adalah salah satu kesan negatif semasa rawatan ortodontik selain daripada gigi
yang mengalami trauma. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara sejarah trauma dan kejadian PAAL serta
membandingkan tahap keterukan PAAL antara gigi trauma dan tanpa trauma selepas enam dan 12 bulan rawatan ortodontik.
Sampel kajian merupakan gigi insisor tengah maksila daripada 23 subjek (8 lelaki dan 15 wanita berumur 12 hingga 26
tahun) dengan 19 mempunyai trauma (tanpa penyerapan akar gigi) dan 27 tanpa trauma. Rawatan ortodontik dilakukan
dengan menggunakan dawai arkus NiTi 0.014”, 0.018” dan 0.018” × 0.025” pada enam bulan pertama. Selepas enam
bulan, rawatan ortodontik diteruskan dengan menggunakan dawai arkus keluli tahan karat saiz 0.019” × 0.025” sehingga
rawatan ortodontik mencapai satu tahun. PAAL gigi diukur melalui imej tomografi berkomputer pancaran-kon (CBCT) yang
diambil sebelum (X0
), selepas enam bulan (X6
) dan selepas 12 bulan (X12) rawatan ortodontik. Penyerapan akar dikira
dengan menolak panjang gigi pada X6
dan X12 dengan panjang gigi pada X0
. Kejadian PAAL dalam kumpulan trauma dan
tanpa trauma masing-masing adalah 89.5% dan 77.8% (penyerapan akar rendah dari 2 mm) selepas enam bulan rawatan
ortodontik. Selepas 12 bulan rawatan ortodontik, semua gigi menunjukkan PAAL. Kejadian PAAL antara gigi trauma dan
tanpa trauma tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan (p>0.05). Dalam kajian ini, gigi yang mengalami trauma serta
tanpa trauma membentuk PAAL pada kadar yang sama selepas enam dan 12 bulan rawatan orthodontik. Oleh itu, adalah
selamat untuk melakukan rawatan ortodontik kepada pesakit yang mempunyai sejarah trauma pada gigi.
Toksoplasmosis adalah penyakit akibat daripada jangkitan Toxoplasma gondii kerana protozoa ini merupakan patogen oportunistik yang penting dalam kalangan penerima organ. Jangkitan biasanya adalah tanpa gejala tetapi ia boleh menjadi serius sehingga mengancam nyawa terutama bagi pesakit terimunokompromi. Oleh itu, suatu kajian irisan lintang dengan pensampelan purposif telah dijalankan untuk mengesan kadar prevalens jangkitan T. gondii dalam kalangan 171 orang pesakit renal kronik di Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL). Subjek kajian dibahagi kepada 2 kumpulan iaitu kumpulan penerima transplan renal yang terdiri daripada 138 orang pesakit renal kronik dan kumpulan kawalan yang merupakan 33 orang pesakit renal kronik yang belum menjalani transplantasi renal. Kaedah serologi iaitu ‘Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody’ (IFA) digunakan untuk mengesan IgG anti-Toksoplasma di dalam serum kedua-dua kumpulan pesakit. Selain itu, kadar seropositif dan min titer IgG ditentukan berdasarkan tempoh pascatransplantasi. Sebanyak 39.4% pesakit daripada kumpulan kawalan dikesan mempunyai antibodi IgG terhadap T. gondii manakala kadar seropositif dalam kalangan pesakit pascatransplan adalah 30.4%. Hasil kajian turut menunjukkan tempoh pascatransplantasi tidak mempengaruhi corak jangkitan T. gondii walaupun terdapat peningkatan kadar seropositif jangkitan selepas 6 bulan transplantasi renal dijalankan. Di samping itu, wujudnya korelasi antara min titer IgG dan tempoh pascatransplantasi dengan titer meningkat secara signifikan daripada 2.68 kepada 7.14 sejajar dengan pertambahan tempoh pascatransplantasi renal. Kadar kes toksoplasmosis dalam kalangan pesakit pascatransplan boleh dikurangkan sekiranya ujian saringan awal terhadap jangkitan T. gondii dijalankan. Profilaksis dan pemeriksaan susulan juga perlu dilakukan ke atas pesakit renal kronik untuk mengelak daripada berlakunya sebarang kerumitan yang teruk.
Air liur berpotensi menjadi punca DNA yang mudah diambil bagi kajian klinikal kerana tidak invasif berbanding sampel darah. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk memencilkan dan menulenkan DNA genom daripada sampel air liur manusia serta mengkaji kesan penyimpanan terhadap kualiti DNA genom. Sampel air liur (n=5) disimpan dalam penimbal Tris-NaCl EDTA (TNE) pada suhu bilik (25°C) mengikut tempoh masa yang ditetapkan iaitu, segar (tanpa penyimpanan), 1,2,3 dan 4 bulan. Pemencilan dan penulenan DNA dilakukan menggunakan kaedah fenol-kloroform. Seterusnya, PCR telah dijalankan untuk mengetahui ketulenan DNA yang diekstrak menggunakan amplifikasi pada kawasan jujukan beta-globin dan mengenal pasti kehadiran bakteria melalui jujukan yang mengekod 16S rDNA. Keputusan menunjukkan fragmen DNA gen beta-globin manusia hanya berjaya diamplifikasi daripada sampel segar. Sampel air liur yang disimpan dalam penimbal TNE pada suhu bilik tidak mampu menstabilkan DNA genom manusia untuk jangka masa lama dan hanya berkesan untuk tempoh yang singkat iaitu, kurang daripada 1 bulan. Kesimpulannya, hanya sampel air liur segar sahaja yang berupaya memencil DNA genom.
SKajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tahap kualiti air hujan di dalam Sistem Penuaian Air Hujan iaitu MyRAWAS yang dibina di Kolej Kediaman Ungku Omar, UKM, Bangi. Parameter air hujan yang dikaji dibandingkan dengan Piawai Kualiti Air Kebangsaan Malaysia (NWQS) dan Piawai Kualiti Air Minum. Parameter yang diuji dalam analisis air hujan ialah suhu, pH, kekeruhan, jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS), oksigen terlarut (DO), permintaan oksigen biokimia (BOD), permintaan oksigen kimia (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), Koliform Jumlah dan Escherichia coli. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kesemua bacaan parameter mematuhi piawaian yang telah ditetapkan oleh Piawai Kualiti Air Kebangsaan Malaysia (NWQS) dan Piawai Air Minum Kebangsaan dengan purata nilai suhu, pH, kekeruhan, TSS, DO, BOD, COD dan NH3-N masing-masing berada pada julat 26.2˚C-28.6˚C, 6.18-6.36, 0.93-3.06 ntu, 1.0-4.6 mg/L, 6.21-8.29 mg/L, 0.21-0.43 mg/L, 3-7 mg/L dan 0.01-0.47 mg/L. Manakala bacaan Koliform Jumlah dan Escherichia coli berada di bawah had maksimum yang ditetapkan oleh Piawai Kualiti Air Minum. Berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air (IKA), kualiti air hujan di kawasan kajian berada pada kelas IIA bagi titik persampelan T1 dan T2 dan berubah menjadi kelas I selepas menjalani kaedah rawatan penapisan iaitu pada titik persampelan T3. Hasil kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa air tuaian hujan tersebut selamat untuk digunakan untuk aktiviti harian.
Jerebu merupakan fenomena pencemaran udara yang memberi impak negatif kepada kesihatan dan kegiatan sosial masyarakat serta negara. Isu jerebu dibincangkan dalam al-Quran iaitu sura al-Dukhan secara menyeluruh. Kertas ini bertujuan menganalisis perbahasan berkaitan masalah jerebu yang disebutkan oleh al-Quran dan tafsiran para sarjana Islam dalam konteks dan sudut pandang Islam. Kertas ini turut membincangkan punca dan kesan berlakunya masalah jerebu daripada perspektif sains. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu dengan merujuk kepada kaedah transdisiplin daripada perspektif Quran dan sains. Keputusan kajian mendapati terdapat tafsiran para sarjana Islam yang mentafsirkan surah al-Dukhan dan fenomena jerebu yang berlaku pada zaman Rasullullah SAW. Ia merupakan azab dan seksaan kepada kaum Musyrikin disebabkan oleh perbuatan mereka yang enggan menerima ajaran Islam. Fenomena jerebu merupakan peringatan Allah dan pengajaran kepada umat manusia supaya sentiasa taat kepada perintah dan meninggalkan segala larangan-Nya di samping bersama-sama menjaga keharmonian dan kesejahteraan alam semesta ini. Manakala para saintis pula mendapati fenomena jerebu yang berlaku adalah berpunca daripada asap dan habuk kesan daripada aktiviti antropogen dan semula jadi serta kesannya terhadap kesihatan tubuh badan manusia yang mengakibatkan hidung berair, masalah kulit, mata terasa pedih dan berair, batuk, sakit kerongkong, kesukaran untuk bernafas dan kesakitan di bahagian dada.
Analysis of data, recorded on March 8th 2014 at the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation's hydroacoustic stations off Cape Leeuwin Western Australia, and at Diego Garcia, reveal unique pressure signatures that could be associated with objects impacting at the sea surface, such as falling meteorites, or the missing Malaysian Aeroplane MH370. To examine the recorded signatures, we carried out experiments with spheres impacting at the surface of a water tank, where we observed almost identical pressure signature structures. While the pressure structure is unique to impacting objects, the evolution of the radiated acoustic waves carries information on the source. Employing acoustic-gravity wave theory we present an analytical inverse method to retrieve the impact time and location. The solution was validated using field observations of recent earthquakes, where we were able to calculate the eruption time and location to a satisfactory degree of accuracy. Moreover, numerical validations confirm an error below 0.02% for events at relatively large distances of over 1000 km. The method can be developed to calculate other essential properties such as impact duration and geometry. Besides impacting objects and earthquakes, the method could help in identifying the location of underwater explosions and landslides.
MeSH terms: Accidental Falls; Acoustics; Aircraft; Explosions; International Cooperation; Sound; Water; Western Australia; Motor Vehicles; Meteoroids; Earthquakes; Landslides
Citation: Mohd Sidik S. Mental Health in the Community - Malaysia: A 20-Year Journey of a Family Medicine Consultant. Serdang: Universiti Pura Malaysia Press; 2017
Previous studies have found that luminance contrast may enhance attention and attention is positively correlated with memory. However, little attention has been given to understand the impact of luminance contrast on memory. The present study attempts to address this gap by examining the effect of luminance contrast on attention and memory. A total of 159 undergraduates were randomly assigned to three luminance contrast conditions (high vs. moderate vs. low) and were administered a modified d2 test and modified words memory test. Multivariate analysis of variance showed significant effect of luminance contrast on memory performance. Participants in the high and moderate luminance contrast groups recalled more words than counterparts in the low contrast group. However, the effect of luminance contrast on attention was not significant, though planned comparison found that high contrast group scored higher than low contrast group. The findings not only shed light on improvement of memory but also have implication for design and marketing and consumer behaviours study.
This study surveyed the impact of physical facilities on discipline, extra-curricular activities and teaching and learning in Mbale secondary schools, Uganda. A total of 369 respondents were randomly selected as sample for the study. Physical Facilities and School Activities Questionnaire (PFSAQ) was the instrument of data collection. PFSAQ reliability and validity values were 0.79 and 0.82 respectively. Results revealed that availability of physical facilities has huge impact on teaching and learning, cocurricular facilities and especially discipline. Based on the findings, it was recommended that government should employ trained counsellors as members of staff in schools to assist students in dealing with adjustment problems and keep improving on school facilities to ensure effective teaching and learning and active participation in co-curricular activities. Administrators and teachers are encouraged to motivate and facilitate students’ participation in co-curricular activities within schools and among students
Presenteeism is a phenomenon described as when a worker comes to work while being sick. Presenteeism has become an issue in organizations because of its consequences on organizational productivity and workers’ well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between job factors and presenteeism. In this study, the works factors that were examined were job control, job demand, social support and job insecurity. Based on a cross sectional design, the study consisted of 663 public service officers from six department/ministries located in Putrajaya. The data were gathered from a set of questionnaires namely Job Content Questionnaire, Job Insecurity Scale and Stanford Presenteeism Scale. The results demonstrated job control, social support and job insecurity contribute significantly towards presenteeism. In addition, there were no differences in presenteeism between gender and job hierarchy. Findings of this study provide an insight on the relationship between job factors and presenteeism in the context of public service in Malaysia.
Recovering drug addict is affected by two main factors, namely internal factors (such as resilience and self-confidence) and external (support from families, employers, friends, and community). One of the internal factors that appear to influence the level of recovery of former drug addict is selfconfidence. Therefore this study aims to measure the level of self-confidence among former drug addicts, also known as Orang Kena Pengawasan (OKP) who underwent rehabilitation in 6-11 months and 12-24 months. The study was conducted using cross-sectional surveys. A total of 386 former drug addicts in Peninsular Malaysia were involved in this study with 198 respondents undergoing 6-11 months rehabilitation programme and 197 were respondents who were released within 12-24 months. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. This analysis was used to measure the level of self-confidence between respondents who underwent the 6-11 months rehabilitation programme (Group 1) and 12-24 months (Group 2). The study found that the majority of both groups showed no signiticant difference in the level of recovery from the aspect of self-confidence. The study also found the majority of respondents of both groups showed a moderate level of confidence of 58.5 percent. However, Group 1 showed a higher percentage of self-confidence (63.5%) compared to Group 2 of (53.8%). The findings have implications for the development of strategies towards a strong self-confidence among the inmates to reduce recidivism rates in Malaysia.
MeSH terms: Biometry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Malaysia; Medicine; Mental Processes; Surveys and Questionnaires; Friends; Drug Users
Job satisfaction is significantly related to overall attitudes towards life or life satisfaction. For most people, work is a central life activity. Full time employees spent substantial amount of time at work. Middle-aged women are working longer hours and spending less time with their families, which has led to family crisis, burn out, and depression. Thus, this study helps to determine the relationship between social support and family attachment on life satisfaction among middle-aged career women in Kelantan. It will also analyse the mediating role of job satisfaction. This study is a quantitative study, which was conducted in Kelantan. It involves 438 middle-aged career women in Kelantan. Social support, family attachment and job satisfaction were found to positively relate to life satisfaction. Moreover, job satisfaction was proven as the mediator in the relationship between social support and life satisfaction. This result indicates that life satisfaction of middle-aged career women rely significantly on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction can intervene the direction and the level of life satisfaction of middle-aged career women. This finding could be used as an input for any intervention programs and policies to uplift the well- being and quality of life of middle-aged women.
MeSH terms: Attitude; Burnout, Professional; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Employment; Female; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Middle Aged; Personal Satisfaction; Quality of Life; Social Support
At the contemporary workplace, employees are expecting non-tangible resources on top of economic benefits, which suggests the importance of psychological contract. However, studies to date are inclined to focus on outcomes of psychological contract. Given that psychological contract is a perception and involves fulfilment of obligations, employees’ grit and the ability of utilisation of emotion in facilitating cognitive processes might influence psychological contract. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between grit and psychological contract with emotional utilisation acting as the mediator in the relationship. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data were collected from 194 university staff using three measures: Psychological Contract Inventory, Short Grit Scale, and Assessing Emotions Scale. Correlation was conducted to examine the relationships between the three constructs. Regression analysis was conducted using SPSS 23 to test for mediation effect of emotional utilisation. The results revealed that grit and utilisation of emotion had significant relationships with psychological contract respectively, and grit was also significantly related to utilisation of emotion. Moreover, utilisation of emotion mediated the relationship between grit and psychological contract. The findings provide implications for employers to take into account of grit and utilisation of emotion in addressing psychological contract of employees.
One of the most recent developments in technology enhanced method in teaching and learning is a method called flipped learning. It is an approach where the traditional one-way lecture is flipped to make room for active learning opportunities where educators shift learning into the individual learning space facilitated by technology. This study investigates the success factors of flipped learning approach in enhancing students’ communication and critical thinking skills in Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accounting (TISSA), Universiti Utara Malaysia. The study involved 49 students from BKAL1013 Business Accounting Group O class from the first semester of 2016/2017. The objective of this study is to examine how the use of flipped learning can help to improve communication and critical thinking skills in problem solving among students taking the accounting subject. From this study, the results showed that students’ motivation and educator’s fragment are two important success factors of flipped learning approach. Students’ motivation increases with the use of internet and technology. Results also reveal that the expectations of the educator must be clearly clarified so that the students understand their roles well. Maintaining engagement is related to good instruction. Good instruction ensures the abilities to read strategically, to communicate clearly in writing or during a presentation, and to think critically about content provided.
Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan hubungan di antara perapatan ibu bapa-anak dan estim diri dengan sikap tingkah laku seksual dalam kalangan remaja hamil luar nikah di Semenanjung Malaysia. Seramai 130 remaja perempuan yang hamil luar nikah berumur 14 hingga 19 tahun dari empat buah Institusi Perlindungan dan Pemulihan di negeri Selangor, Perak, Johor dan Kelantan terlibat dalam kajian ini. Responden dipilih menggunakan kaedah pensampelan rawak berlapis. Kajian ini menggunakan tiga soal selidik iaitu Inventori Perapatan Ibu Bapa-anak dan Rakan Sebaya (Armsden & Greenberg 1987), Skala Estim Diri Rosenberg (Rosenberg, 1965) dan Skala Ringkas Sikap Terhadap Tingkah Laku Seksual (Hendrick & Reich, 2006). Kesemua alat ukuran yang digunakan dalam kajian ini menghasilkan nilai Pekali Alpha Cronbach antara 0.82 hingga 0.90. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap perapatan ibu bapa dengan remaja di tahap sederhana, tahap estim diri yang tinggi dan sikap tingkah laku seksual berada di tahap yang tinggi. Keputusan analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan perkaitan signifikan antara perapatan ibu bapa anak (r=-.220, p
The present study is among the first to investigate the neighbourhood assets and best friend attachment within a context of emotions among youth in a disadvantaged community in Kuala Lumpur. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine the positive and negative emotions in relation to neighborhood assets and best friend attachment in youth, who are living in communities known to have high levels of exposure to violence and to determine these factors as predictors of positive emotion and negative emotion. Using a convenience sampling technique, a total of 448 participants from lowincome apartments in Kuala Lumpur, aged 13–24 years old were asked to complete a set of standardized questionnaires to measure neighbourhood assets, best friend attachment, and positive emotion and negative emotion. Multiple regression analysis revealed that two factors are the most significant predictors of positive emotion while four factors are the most significant predictors of negative emotion. The results suggested that the presence predictors of positive
In the era of globalization, role in work and role in the family has experienced significant change especially for working parents. The equilibrium claim in both roles such as the role of the job and the role of the family is strongly emphasized in ensuring that working parents can manage their life and perform well. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of work-family conflicts such as timebased conflicts, strain-based conflicts and behavior-based conflicts towards life satisfaction among working parents. A total of 378 respondents in this study consisted of mothers and fathers working in the Public Department around Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Respondents were selected using the purposive sampling method where the researcher had determined the characteristics of respondents such as the status of the respondent should be married (living with spouse) and at least have one child. The WorkFamily Conflict Scale (WFCS) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) questionnaire were used to see the influence of work-family conflicts towards life satisfaction especially among working parents. The findings were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Simple Linear Regression Analysis was used in this study. The findings show that there are negative and significant influences in time-based conflicts, strain-based conflicts and behavior-based conflicts towards life satisfaction among working parents. The implications and recommendations of the study were also discussed.
MeSH terms: Child; Fathers; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Marriage; Mothers; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Surveys and Questionnaires; Regression Analysis; Spouses; Internationality; Family Conflict
Previous studies demonstrated that perceived overweight has a larger role than actual body weight does in suicidal ideation and attempts. Despite high suicidal rate found among university students, studies have been limited in examining the role of perceived overweight in relation to suicidality in this population. This study aims to examine the relationship between a wish to die with perceived overweight and actual weight, measured by Body Mass Index (BMI) in university students. The sample comprised of 2,000 incoming freshmen in a Japanese university. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between a wish to die and perceived overweight and actual weight. Results indicated a wish to die prevalence of 5.8% (n=115) and perceived overweight prevalence of 15.8% (n=315) among the freshmen. Perceived overweight significantly increased the odds of a wish to die by two-fold (Odds Ratio (OR) =2.01, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.20- 3.37), in contrast to actual weight which was not significantly associated with a wish to die. Findings implied the necessity to promote healthy attitudes towards body weight and self-acceptance regardless of weight status among university students that could reduce the potential risk of a wish to die from progressing along the continuum of suicidality in later life.
MeSH terms: Attitude; Body Weight; Perception; Students; Suicide; Universities; Body Mass Index; Prevalence; Confidence Intervals; Logistic Models; Odds Ratio; Overweight; Suicidal Ideation
The study investigated factors hindering timely graduation of postgraduate students in federal universities in Nigeria. Four objectives and four null hypotheses were raised. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Four hundred postgraduate students from four federal universities were used for the study. Four rating scale questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validation by four experts. A pilot was conducted using 40 postgraduate students in Kaduna state university. The reliability coefficient obtained was 0.88. Direct Delivery Technique was used for data collection. Data collected were coded into Statistical Package of Social Sciences. The package was used to run multiple regression analysis at significance level of 0.05. The result showed among others that students’ factors and supervisor factors significantly affect the timely graduation of postgraduate students in federal universities in Nigeria. It was concluded that the effort of institutions to enhance timely graduation of students will continue to be a nightmare if the present condition remains unchanged. One of the recommendations postulated was that school of postgraduate studies should personally develop strategies of assessing, monitory, and controlling what is happening in various departments in the institutions regarding postgraduate programmes.
Central obesity reduction through effective treatment is desirable everywhere in the world including Pakistan. The current study intends to provide effective intervention programs to reduce central obesity among Pakistani women. Through randomized control trial study fourteen females (N= 14, WHR= .897 ± .030) were recruited by employing penal data technique with simple randomization. The sample distributed into two equal groups from online randomization. The experimental group received 10-week sessions of modified cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) along with supervised and unsupervised exercise execution, plus supervised diet management plan. As a contrast, the control group received 10-week sessions without offering standard treatment. The results found that the intervention group or experimental group significantly reduced waist circumference (-2.33 inches) while control group reduced (-0.36 inches) within 10 weeks, F=42.82, p